Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing最新文献

{"title":"Nitrogen Oxidation on A Plasma-Exposed Surface","authors":"Steijn Vervloedt,&nbsp;Achim von Keudell","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10584-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10584-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The elementary processes during the fixation of nitrogen by plasma catalysis are studied in a low-pressure plasma experiment with N<span>(_2)</span> and O<span>(_2)</span> as source gases. The formation of surface groups on an iron oxide foil is monitored with infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy. Surface nitrates (NO<span>(_3^-)</span>) are formed when the substrate is exposed to a 1:1 N<span>(_2)</span>:O<span>(_2)</span> plasma, as well as N<span>(_2)</span>O(g), NO(g), NO<span>(_2)</span>(g), and O<span>(_3)</span>(g) in the gas phase. It is postulated that NO<span>(_{1,2})</span>(g) species created by the plasma, adsorb at the surface and create these nitrates. This constitutes an intermediate step for nitrogen oxidation by plasma catalysis.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1551 - 1565"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-025-10584-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Study on the Disinfection Performance of Four Representative Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Sources","authors":"Dongxue Feng,&nbsp;Guoqiang Liu,&nbsp;Zhishang Wang,&nbsp;Di Dou,&nbsp;Dongping Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10582-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10582-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study, air transient spark discharge (Air-TSD) plasma, helium atmospheric pressure plasma jet (He-APPJ), air surface dielectric barrier discharge (Air-SDBD) plasma, and nitrogen micro hollow cathode discharge (N₂-MHCD) plasma were used to inactivate <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>). The results showed that Air-SDBD plasma achieved a 6-log reduction of <i>E. coli</i> in 30 s, whereas the other three sources failed to achieve complete inactivation even after the treatment of 120 s. The concentrations of aqueous H₂O₂, NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻ produced by Air-SDBD are 2–3 times higher than those of Air-TSD and He-APPJ. The concentration of O₃ produced by Air-SDBD is more than 4 times that of N₂-MHCD. To further explore the relationship between RONS produced by the four sources and <i>E. coli</i> inactivation, we analyzed the effects of the four sources on 12 representative amino acids. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) analysis showed that amino acids, including phenylalanine (Phe), methionine (Met), tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), glutamic (Glu), lysine (Lys), histidine (His), arginine (Arg), and cysteine (Cys), underwent significant oxidation after treatment of the four sources. And the reduction of Met, Trp and Cys after Air-SDBD treatment was more pronounced compared to the other three sources. Our results indicates that a strong correlation exists between the inactivation of <i>E. coli</i> and the modification of amino acids by RONS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1481 - 1512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145167901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stimulated Production of Heat Stable Antifungal Factor by Plasma-Activated Water","authors":"Matthew R. Winburn,&nbsp;Kyle L. Schuelke,&nbsp;Amanda Lynn Miller,&nbsp;Pinky Chowdhury,&nbsp;Liangcheng Du,&nbsp;Chin Li Cheung","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10581-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10581-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Plasma-activated water (PAW) produced by different methods has been intensively studied for its biomedical applications due to the antimicrobial effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within. While many of these studies focus on the effects of PAW on bacterial death, other bacterial responses to PAW are seldom assessed. Herein, we report an evaluation of PAW produced by a falling-film plasma reactor (FFPR) on the growth of <i>Lysobacter enzymogenes</i> and its biosynthesis of the natural products - heat stable antifungal factor (HSAF) and its analogs. An FFPR setup was demonstrated to effectively create plasma-treated deionized water under atmospheric conditions for the generation of PAW. These PAW samples were shown to contain nitrite, nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide of concentrations that were dependent on the plasma activation time. Short periods of PAW activation caused <i>L. enzymogenes</i> to significantly increase the production of HSAF, its analogs, and total cell growth. The PAW produced with a longer plasma activation period had higher concentrations of nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, and was found to have decreased growth in <i>L. enzymogenes</i>. These results shed new light that PAW can also be used to stimulate the production of natural products. Furthermore, the activation period of PAW can be optimized to stimulate either an increase in the total HSAF yield or HSAF yield per optical density unit in a cell culture. </p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1533 - 1549"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145166988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A SDBD Reactor for the Removal of Oxygen Traces in Hydrogen Operated above Atmospheric Pressure: Experiment and Simulation","authors":"Christian Oberste-Beulmann,&nbsp;Philipp Wirth,&nbsp;Soad Mohsenimehr,&nbsp;Timothy Oppotsch,&nbsp;Achim von Keudell,&nbsp;Peter Awakowicz,&nbsp;Martin Muhler","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10583-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10583-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-thermal plasma-based technologies have emerged as versatile tools for various industrial processes due to their ability to induce chemical reactions efficiently under ambient conditions. In particular, dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) are of interest because of their robust and reliable design and scalability. This study investigates the role of pressure in tuning conversion, plasma parameters, and flow patterns in a plasma-assisted chemical reaction using a surface DBD (SDBD) reactor. The removal of O₂ traces in H₂ was used as a model reaction, where an unexpected increased conversion at elevated pressure was observed at high powers. This effect was studied using high-speed photography to analyze streamer dynamics and optical emission spectroscopy to determine plasma parameters. With increasing pressure, both the plasma area and the number of individual streamers decreased, and the electron density decreased as well. Fluid simulations were conducted to examine the impact of increased pressure on mass transport pointing to an enhanced contact time as the origin of the increased conversion at high dissipated powers. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing pressure and power conditions to maximize the efficiency of plasma-based chemical processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1415 - 1430"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-025-10583-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145165716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Equilibrium in a Dust-Forming Low-Temperature Plasma: A CARS Study","authors":"Aishwarya Belamkar,&nbsp;Roman Rosser,&nbsp;Brandon Wagner,&nbsp;Arthur Dogariu,&nbsp;Lorenzo Mangolini","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10578-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10578-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Dust-forming low-temperature plasmas are versatile systems for the production of nanoparticles with tunable functionalities. While attractive from a materials processing point of view, these systems are inherently complex, with several plasma-induced phenomena determining the properties of the produced materials. Here, we characterize a carbon nanoparticle-forming plasma using coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS), with the primary goal of measuring gas temperature. While gas temperature is typically assumed to be at or slightly above room temperature in these reactors, we measure gas temperatures exceeding 1000 K under typical process conditions. We find a correlation between the gas temperature and the nanoparticle yield, suggesting that the particle nucleation and growth process releases energy within the reaction volume, leading to significant gas heating. In addition, we find that the relaxation of vibrationally excited species at the particle surfaces is a major contributor to their heating. These results underscore the complexity of these systems and the need for their more in-depth characterization using advanced techniques such as CARS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1567 - 1580"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Performance Analysis of a Novel Triple-Anode Plasma Torch with Annular Powder Feeding for High-Efficiency Powder Processing","authors":"Ying Fan,&nbsp;Deping Yu,&nbsp;Jier Qiu,&nbsp;Yu Xiao,&nbsp;Yun Qu,&nbsp;Zhengjiang Gao,&nbsp;Fei Zhang,&nbsp;Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10580-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10580-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Direct current (DC) plasma torches play a pivotal role in the field of material processing, with their performance largely determined by the characteristics of the plasma jet. However, the cascade DC plasma torch produces a plasma jet that has a small high-temperature region and a high velocity, which limits their powder processing rate. This paper designs a novel triple-anode plasma torch (TAPT) equipped with annular powder feeding to address these challenges. Comprehensive investigation into the plasma jet characteristics of the TAPT was carried out through a combination of experimental measurements and numerical simulations. Results show that the TAPT produces an optimal plasma jet for powder processing, marked by a large high-temperature region, low velocity, and high uniformity. The plasma jet’s peak temperature reaches over 20,000 K, with a 4,000 K region of 160 mm in length and 33 mm in diameter, and minimal regions exceeding a velocity of 80 m/s. The annular powder feeding of the TAPT guarantees a stable plasma jet for effective material processing, with the arc voltage exhibiting a small standard deviation of just 1.08 V. Furthermore, the TAPT’s effectiveness in powder processing was exemplified by spheroidization trials involving aluminum oxide powder, which yielded a practical specific energy requirement of approximately 4.35 kWh/kg. Overall, the TAPT shows considerable potential in the field of powder processing, specifically in raising the efficiency of powder spheroidization processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1369 - 1389"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145160676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Emission Characteristics of Dielectric Barrier Discharge-Based Kr/Cl2 Excilamp at Different Operating Conditions","authors":"Navin Kumar Sharma,&nbsp;Priti Pal,&nbsp;Akhilesh Mishra,&nbsp;Mahendra Singh,&nbsp;Ram Prakash Lamba,&nbsp;Subhash Kumar Ram,&nbsp;Udit Narayan Pal","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10579-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10579-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A coaxial dielectric barrier discharges based Kr/Cl₂ excilamp featuring a double dielectric barrier has been developed to generate 222 nm Far UV-C radiation. The excilamp is excited by a short unipolar pulse (rise time 800 ns, FWHM: ~2µs) of negative polarity and investigated at different operating conditions to efficiently generate 222 nm radiation. The investigation includes the electrical and optical characterisation of the excilamp under varying Cl₂ proportion (0.1-3%) and total gas pressures (100–300 mbar). The typical V-I characteristics and the corresponding Q-V curve have been analysed to understand the discharge characteristics and determine the electrical parameters, including the capacitance of the excilamp and input power. The optical characterization included emission spectroscopy and absolute radiance measurements, focusing on the 222 nm spectral band, a key emission wavelength of KrCl* excimers. The emission spectra reveal the emission of the 222 nm spectral band, along with relatively weak bands of 235 nm, 258 nm, and 325 nm, particularly at higher pressures. The absolute irradiance at 222 nm was found to increase with Cl₂ concentration up to 1%, reaching a peak value of 2.09 mW/cm² (at 300 mbar) before significantly decreasing at 3%, indicating an optimal Cl₂ content for KrCl^* excimer formation. Similarly, increasing the total gas pressure from 100 mbar to 400 mbar led to a substantial enhancement in 222 nm emission, with irradiance rising from 0.47 mW/cm² to 2.35 mW/cm². This comprehensive analysis provides crucial insights into the development and optimization of Kr/Cl₂ excimer lamps for efficient 222 nm far-ultraviolet (Far-UV) radiation generation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1465 - 1480"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145171483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Humidity-Induced Transition from Ozone to Nitrogen Oxide Mode in Atmospheric Pressure Air Plasma","authors":"Teng Zhang,&nbsp;Yiheng Li,&nbsp;Ketong Shao,&nbsp;Yi Luo,&nbsp;Shuai Jiang,&nbsp;Jincong Wang,&nbsp;Chenxi Man,&nbsp;Xuekai Pei","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10576-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10576-x","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ozone (&lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt;) mode and Nitrogen oxides (&lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt;) mode are the two types of discharge modes present in air plasma, and different discharge conditions have different effects on the transition of the two modes. Since air often contains moisture and the humidity conditions are different in different regions and climates, the humidity has an important effect on the transition between the &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; mode and &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; mode, but there are few studies on the intrinsic mechanism of the effect of humidity on the transition between the &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; mode and &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; mode of air plasma. Therefore, the intrinsic mechanism of the effect of humidity on the transition between the &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; mode and &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; mode of air plasm was investigated by using the zero-dimensional model of plasma reaction kinetic approach. The process and intrinsic mechanism of the humidity promoting the transition from the &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; mode to &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; mode of air plasma were revealed by analyzing the evolution trends of key short-lived species and long-lived characteristic species, as well as the evolutionary mechanism of these particles. The results of this paper show that the presence of air humidity can change the evolution trend of the number density of short-lived species produced during mode transition process, and in particular will increase the number density of hydroxyl (OH) radical and hydroperoxyl (&lt;span&gt;(hbox {HO}_2)&lt;/span&gt;) radical. In addition, compared with the dry condition, air humidity also can affect the evolution trend of the number density of long-lived characteristic species generated during the model transition process, and in particular will reduce the number density of &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; that the dominant product of air plasma &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; model, and increase the number density of nitrogen dioxide (&lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_2)&lt;/span&gt;) that the dominant product of &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; model, thus promoting the transition of air plasma from &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; mode to &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; mode. Moreover, the focus on function of OH radical and &lt;span&gt;(hbox {HO}_2)&lt;/span&gt; radical in the process of humidity promoting transition from &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_3)&lt;/span&gt; mode to the &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; mode of air plasma are different. The OH radical and &lt;span&gt;(hbox {HO}_2)&lt;/span&gt; radical are more likely to play direct and indirect roles respectively in suppressing &lt;span&gt;(hbox {O}_{3})&lt;/span&gt;-dominant mode, and play indirect and direct roles respectively in promoting the occurrence degree of &lt;span&gt;(hbox {NO}_x)&lt;/span&gt; mode, and the above chemical chain of reactions is accompanied by the generation of new &lt;span&gt;(hbox {HO}_2)&lt;/span&gt; radical and OH radical, which can maintain the sustainability of the chemical chain of reactions. These results suggest that the humidity of air","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1431 - 1463"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Characterization of Pilot-Scale Remote Cold Plasma Treatment (RCPT) System for Fruit Surface Decontamination","authors":"Mathin Jaikua,&nbsp;Jakkrawut Maitip,&nbsp;Sunisa Ungwiwatkul,&nbsp;Woranika Promsart,&nbsp;Kanyarak Prasertboonyai,&nbsp;Arlee Tamman,&nbsp;Pichitpon Neamyou,&nbsp;Phuthidhorn Thana","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10577-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10577-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the development and characterization of a pilot-scale remote cold plasma treatment (RCPT) system designed for the surface decontamination of fruits. The developed system utilizes long-lived reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS), generated in the plasma afterglow region of a coaxial dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor, offering a safe and effective method for microbial disinfection and pesticide residue removal from fruit surfaces. Plasma diagnostics, visualization of RONS distribution, and measurements of RONS gas concentrations were conducted to analyze the types and spatial distribution of RONS within the treatment chamber. The efficacy of the RCPT system was evaluated through in vitro bacterial inactivation assays using <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA), as well as antimicrobial activity analysis on Cripps Pink apples and Shine Muscat grapes. The results indicated that the RCPT system achieved a microbial reduction exceeding 98%. Furthermore, pesticide residue analysis confirmed the effectiveness of the developed system in degrading harmful chemical residues. These findings highlight the RCPT system as a promising non-thermal, water-free, and chemical-free approach for postharvest fruit decontamination, contributing to enhanced food safety and extended shelf life. Future studies will focus on optimizing treatment parameters and addressing challenges related to large-scale implementation and the preservation of fruit quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1513 - 1532"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145164081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory Investigation of Coal in Nonequilibrium Plasma","authors":"Elijah Thimsen,&nbsp;Alcina Sudagar","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10572-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10572-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Coal is an abundant natural resource and there is motivation to find new uses for it that do not intrinsically involve combustion. One approach is to explore new ways of processing coal, and in this work, we focus on the transformation of coal in a nonequilibrium plasma generated from an equimolar mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen. The outcome of the nonequilibrium plasma reaction is fundamentally different than a thermal control reaction carried out using the same gas composition, pressure, and temperature range. The nonequilibrium plasma produces a gas mixture that is enriched in acetylene and its derivatives. Furthermore, when compared to the thermal control experiment, the solid char byproduct of the nonequilibrium plasma has a very reactive surface and is spontaneously combustible at ambient temperature. Experiments performed to characterize the reaction kinetics of coal in the plasma suggest that the mechanism proceeds through a sequential process by which the coal particle temperature rises to a point where devolatilization can occur, the devolatilization reaction happens, followed by parallel reactions of released organic vapors in the plasma phase and surface activation. The reaction rate appears to be limited by the time it takes for the coal particle temperature to rise, consistent with previous results reported for reactions of coal in thermal plasma.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 5","pages":"1391 - 1413"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145163238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}