Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing最新文献

{"title":"Plasma-Catalytic VOC Removal with Nonthermal Plasma Regeneration and Repetitive use of Catalysts","authors":"Richard Cimerman,&nbsp;Jana Kšanová,&nbsp;Karol Hensel","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10719-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10719-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Catalysts used in nonthermal plasma (NTP)-catalytic removal of volatile organic compounds are often deactivated by coke deposits. Their regeneration and subsequent repetitive use are therefore essential for maintaining process efficiency and reducing operating costs. This work investigates the potential of NTP regeneration and repetitive use of coke-deactivated catalysts. Packed-bed dielectric barrier discharge reactors filled with TiO₂ and Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ pellets were used for toluene removal in atmospheric air. The catalysts deactivated during toluene decomposition were regenerated by NTP in oxygen to promote coke oxidation. This removal-deactivation-regeneration cycle was repeated 3 times. Two NTP regeneration strategies were studied: continuous plasma regeneration and sequential plasma regeneration, the latter combining shorter NTP exposures with pellet mixing. In addition, catalyst pre-treatment by NTP in oxygen was also performed before toluene removal. Reactor temperature and current waveforms were continuously monitored throughout the experiments. Toluene removal efficiency (TRE), energy cost, and production of gaseous products (CO₂, CO, HCOOH) were evaluated by Fourier-transform infrared absorption spectroscopy. The surface of catalytic pellets was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The results revealed a strongly catalyst-dependent response to both NTP regeneration and pre-treatment. TiO₂ exhibited higher or comparable TRE after regeneration in repeated cycles of its use than fresh and non-regenerated catalysts, and its performance was further enhanced by the pre-treatment. In contrast, although the regeneration increased the TRE of Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ compared to the non-regenerated catalyst, its efficiency in repeated cycles remained lower than that of the fresh catalyst. Moreover, pre-treatment of Pt/γ-Al₂O₃ further reduced its TRE.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-026-10719-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cold Plasma Effects on Specific Phenolic Compounds, Soluble Sugar Components and Oxidative Status in Ocimum basilicum L. Callus Cultures","authors":"Ragbet Ezgi Duran,&nbsp;Berna Mencit Turan,&nbsp;Tunahan Demirci,&nbsp;Umit Kara","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10708-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10708-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold plasma (CP) has attracted growing interest as a residue-free physical elicitation tool in plant biotechnology, yet its effects on targeted phenolic compounds, soluble sugar components, and oxidative markers in plant tissue cultures remain insufficiently characterized. In the present study, we investigated the biochemical responses of <i>Ocimum basilicum</i> L. (basil) callus cultures to a single cold plasma exposure for 0, 60, 120, or 180 s. Specific phenolic compounds (gallic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, catechin, and kaempferol) and soluble sugar components (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) were quantified by HPLC, while hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined spectrophotometrically. CP significantly increased the amount of the specific phenolic compounds, with the strongest response at 120 s, where the total content of the five measured phenolics was 84% higher than in the control. Individual phenolic levels also showed treatment-dependent increases, most of which peaked at 120 s. In contrast, soluble sugar components displayed a biphasic pattern: 60 s CP reduced the individual sugar components and the total value of the quantified soluble sugars, whereas 120 s markedly increased sucrose and restored the total value of the quantified soluble sugars to above-control levels. H₂O₂ accumulated transiently, reaching a maximum at 60 s and returning to basal levels at 180 s, while MDA decreased at 60 s and showed moderate increases at 120 to 180 s, consistent with a controlled rather than severely damaging oxidative response. Multivariate analyses supported a clear treatment-dependent separation of biochemical profiles, with 120 s associated mainly with phenolic enrichment and sucrose accumulation. Overall, the findings indicate that CP can modulate selected biochemical markers in basil callus cultures in a time-dependent manner, and that 120 s represents the most effective exposure among the tested conditions for enhancing the accumulation of the quantified phenolic compounds under the present experimental setup.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148986265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Modification of Water Surface Tension by Plasma-Produced Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species","authors":"Elio Eid,&nbsp;Ahmad Hamdan","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10718-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10718-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Water processing by plasma produces reactive species in water which makes it attractive for many applications in medicine, agriculture, nanomaterial synthesis, and others. Despite extensive characterization of plasma-processed water to determine its physical and chemical properties, the modification of surface tension remains insufficiently investigated. Although several studies have reported a decrease in surface tension after plasma treatment, the underlying mechanisms and the specific species responsible for this effect remain insufficiently understood. Herein, we conduct a study to clarify the role of long-lived reactive species produced in water by plasma treatment. Specifically, we assess the individual contribution of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) to surface tension and compare it to plasma-treated water under standard plasma-water configuration. Our analysis indicates that, under typical plasma treatment conditions, the concentrations of these species are insufficient to induce a measurable change in surface tension. Consequently, we conclude that no significant modification of water surface tension is to be expected under standard plasma treatment protocols, and other factors could affect the measurements.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Thermal Analysis of Waveform Dependent Ozone Generation in an Encased Coaxial-Cylindrical DBD Reactor","authors":"Sangheum Eom,&nbsp;Jin-Young Han,&nbsp;In Je Kang,&nbsp;Chang Hyun Cho,&nbsp;Seungryul Yoo,&nbsp;Ji Hun Kim,&nbsp;Jung Woo Yoon","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10716-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10716-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the study was to develop an indirect calibration methodology to quantify the gas temperature in an encased dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor using a two-stage coupled thermal–fluid simulation in COMSOL Multiphysics. Sinusoidal and sub-microsecond pulsed waveforms were compared at 7 and 8.5 kV. The conductivity of the plasma region (<i>σ</i>_plasma) was calibrated from the experimentally measured power consumption (<i>P</i>_exp) to determine the volumetric heat source (<i>Q</i>_avg,vol), which was used to calculate the simulated power consumption <i>P</i>_sim. The calibration yielded a <i>P</i>_sim–<i>P</i>_exp error within 0.5% for all waveform conditions. At 8.5 kV, the pulsed condition consumed about one-third of the power of the sinusoidal condition, which reduced <i>Q</i>_avg,vol and the temperature rise (Δ<i>T</i>). At comparable Δ<i>T</i> values of 5 and 6 K, the pulsed condition produced about 13 times the ozone concentration of the sinusoidal condition. The <i>σ</i>_plasma-inversion methodology quantified the bulk gas temperature in the encased coaxial-cylindrical DBD reactor and demonstrated that the maximum gas temperature remained below the threshold of ozone thermal decomposition. Therefore, the <i>σ</i>_plasma-inversion methodology is well suited for evaluating the gas temperature within encased DBD reactors and offers an alternative to conventional optical temperature diagnostics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma Cleaning and Nitriding of Cast Irons Under Industrial Contamination","authors":"Francisco Cavilha Neto,&nbsp;Nathan Filipe Andrioni,&nbsp;Lucas Barros Bortoletto,&nbsp;Bruno Barbosa de Aquino,&nbsp;Alicia Correa Lucena,&nbsp;Cristiano Binder","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10713-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10713-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Protective oils and oxide films are frequently present on cast-iron tooling and can compromise early-stage surface activation during plasma nitriding. Here, gray and ductile cast irons were intentionally soiled with two industrial protective oils and pre-oxidized either by controlled furnace exposure or by water exposure to reproduce mixed organic and inorganic contamination states. TGA/DTG of the oils informed a staged heating profile to limit abrupt outgassing and avoid uncontrolled cracking with carbonaceous redeposition. Three in-chamber plasma-cleaning routes were integrated with a fixed nitriding cycle without breaking vacuum: CN1 (80% N₂/20% H₂), CN2 (80% N₂/20% O₂ → 80% N₂/20% H₂), and CN3 (80% N₂/20% O₂ → 100% H₂ → 80% N₂/20% H₂). SEM/EDS shows that tool protective oil is generally reset to substrate-dominated Fe–N–O–Si chemistries, whereas sheet protective oil more frequently yields localized Ca–P–(Ba, S)-bearing deposits, particularly on ductile iron and water-oxidized surfaces. Distribution-aware statistics of compound-layer thickness and top-surface microhardness confirm that cleaning effectiveness is expressed as spatial uniformity: conditions lacking residue-marker signals exhibit tighter thickness and microhardness distributions, while residue-prone scenarios show broader scatter and occasional discontinuities. Across all conditions, the mean compound-layer thickness ranged from 2.65 to 10.22 μm, while the mean top-surface microhardness ranged from 686 to 1065 HV_0.025. The highest-ranked conditions combined compound-layer thicknesses of 5.71–6.76 μm with top hardness values of 1021–1065 HV_0.025 and scores between 90.6 and 100.0. CN3 provided the most robust integrated route by combining a synergistic oxidative oil fragmentation with the strongest hydrogen reduction stage prior to nitriding, thereby minimizing residue and oxide microdomains and improving the reproducibility of compound-layer formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-026-10713-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical Actinometry in Atmospheric-pressure Liquid-cathode Discharge for Analysis of Alkaline-earth Metals in High-salinity Solutions","authors":"Nikolay Sirotkin,&nbsp;Anna Khlyustova,&nbsp;Valeriy Titov","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10709-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10709-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concentration of alkaline-earth metal ions in aqueous solutions is measured using the method of atmospheric pressure discharge plasma emission spectroscopy with a liquid cathode. Rubidium atoms added as RbCl serve as the actinometer component in the plasma. A known concentration of this reference cation is added to the analyzed solution. Magnesium, calcium, and barium chloride solutions with concentrations ranging from 10^− 4 to 0.1 g/L are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the addition of background electrolytes to the solution affects the emission intensity of the metal atomic lines. However, using the ratio of the emission intensity of the analyzed component to that of the actinometer component effectively compensates for this matrix effect, ensuring accurate quantitative analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment of Both Roots and Shoots with Cold Atmospheric Plasma Stimulates the Growth of Hordeum vulgare Seedlings","authors":"N. L. Pshybytko,&nbsp;A. V. Vachynskaya,&nbsp;T. O. Koschits,&nbsp;P. O. Prohortchik,&nbsp;V. V. Samokhina,&nbsp;V. S. Mackievic,&nbsp;A. V. Aksiuchyts,&nbsp;K. T. Logunov,&nbsp;D. A. Кotov","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10710-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10710-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The use of cold atmospheric plasma in agriculture is limited due to its potential toxic effect. The properties of cold plasma and its effect on plants can vary depending on the type of device used, treatment conditions, and the physiological characteristics of the treated object. This study provides a comparative analysis of the growth and physiological parameters of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. seedlings after root and leaf treatment with cold atmospheric plasma. Using hyperspectral technology, infrared spectroscopy, and fluorescence imaging, it was shown that 1 s plasma exposure (generated by a coaxial system with a dielectric barrier discharge, a power of 40 W, and Ar flow rate of 142 L/h) of the roots increased leaf reflectance, transpiration and CO₂ assimilation rates, while photosynthetic electron flows remained unchanged. These seedlings showed enhanced dry matter content and primary leaf length compared to control plants. Foliar treatment of <i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. seedlings with the same plasma did not affect stomatal conductance, but increased chlorophyll and carotenoid content, activated cyclic electron transport around photosystem I, and enhanced the proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane. With this type of plasma impact, increased leaf length was recorded 3 days after treatment. The obtained data demonstrated the growth-promoting effect of cold atmospheric plasma using the tested treatment methods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148927107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Selectivity Window for RF Plasma Synthesis of Few-Layer Graphene Nanoparticles","authors":"Xitong Xu,&nbsp;Sankhadeep Basu,&nbsp;Rebecca Anthony","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10707-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10707-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Graphene and other sp²-hybridized carbon nanostructures are highly sought for their large surface area, novel electrical and optical properties, and potential applications for energy conversion/storage. Atmospheric pressure plasmas offer a scalable route to carbon nanoparticle synthesis, but controlling the carbon allotrope formation is a major challenge because methane plasmas can lead to a large variety of non-graphitic nanostructures such as amorphous carbon nanospheres. Here we report on a gas flow-and-composition-based selectivity window for few-layer-graphene synthesis using an atmospheric pressure radiofrequency plasma reactor. Our key finding is that selecting for wrinkled few-layer graphene nanoparticle formation as opposed to other allotropes of carbon nanoparticles can be achieved by solely adjusting methane concentration and flowrate. This result establishes that atmospheric pressure plasmas can go beyond general carbon nanoparticle synthesis and enable selective control over allotrope formation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-026-10707-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Mica Mineral and Plasma-processed Mica Microspheres","authors":"Pavel Ctibor,&nbsp;Kseniya Illková,&nbsp;Shelja Sharma","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10712-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10712-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the structure and properties of the muscovite mica natural powder that was melted by plasma jet and collected as solidified microspheres after rapid cooling in air. The heating of mica material in plasma induces its dehydroxylation, i.e. the removal of the structurally bound water. The pore size distribution curves reveal that the plasma-spheroidized powder contained ultrafine pores, whereas the natural mica powder contained predominantly coarser pores. Flowability characteristics of natural mica powder were substantially improved after plasma spheroidization. The amorphous component strongly prevailed in the plasma spheroidized mica powder. The monitoring of chemical changes in powder was discussed in a common manner, i.e. element concentrations expressed as simple oxides contents. We saw a trend matching the content of each oxide with its melting point.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148926392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient Ozone Synthesis of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Packed with Metal Beads","authors":"Meng Li,&nbsp;Jia-Yan Li,&nbsp;Lei Wang,&nbsp;Wei Zhang,&nbsp;Zhen Wang,&nbsp;Da-Peng Wu,&nbsp;Kai Jiang","doi":"10.1007/s11090-026-10704-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-026-10704-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The packed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactors were constructed by packing one layer of metal beads (zinc, aluminum, copper, etc.) into the discharge gap and their performances in ozone synthesis were studied here. Relative to packing the conventional dielectric beads (such as silicate glass and Al₂O₃) and no packing, packing metal beads makes DBD exhibit much intenser and denser microdischarges, as well as higher electron excitation temperature (<i>T</i>_exc), electron density (<i>n</i>_e) and atomic oxygen density ([<i>O</i>]), thus greatly promoting ozone synthesis reactions. Due to the easier electron emission from the surfaces of metals with lower electron work functions, packing metal beads of zinc and copper which respectively possess the lowest and highest work functions among all the applied metals leads to the acquisition of the highest and lowest <i>T</i>_exc, <i>n</i>_e, [<i>O</i>] and ozone synthesis performance, respectively. At energy density of 306–1968 J/L, ozone concentration, energy yield and production obtained by packing zinc beads are 26.7–60.5 g/Nm³, 314.2–111.3 g/kWh and 0.16–0.36 g/h, respectively, all about 2–3 times higher than packing silicate glass beads (8.8–27.1 g/Nm³, 103.5–49.5 g/kWh and 0.05–0.16 g/h) and about 4–9 times higher than no packing (3.0–14.7 g/Nm³, 35.3–26.9 g/kWh and 0.02–0.09 g/h).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"46 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148838192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}