Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing最新文献

{"title":"Numerical Modelling of Wood Gasification in Thermal Plasma Reactor II. Parametric Study for Currents 400–600 A","authors":"Ivan Hirka,&nbsp;Jiří Jeništa,&nbsp;Oldřich Živný","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10543-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10543-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomass gasification is a renewable technology for energy storage and hydrogen production. As a model example, in an earlier paper by Hirka et al. <i>Plasma Chem. Plasma Process</i>. (2017) 37:947–965, the gasification process of crushed wood was numerically modelled for three different mean diameters of the feed particles in a reactor using a water and argon generated DC-plasma torch at a current of 400 A and compared with experimental data of the composition at the reactor outlet. Good agreement with experiment was obtained, however, a more extensive parametric study is desirable for more general conclusions and optimization of operating conditions, which is the subject of this paper. Here, currents of 400, 500, and 600 A and multiple mean particle diameters ranging from 0.2 to 20 mm were studied. The resulting parameters were averaged over a sufficiently long iterative process. The resulting characteristics include temperature, velocity, current field distributions, molar fraction of synthesis gas, as well as discrete phase and particle trajectories. With increasing diameter from about 1 mm, the produced synthesis gas becomes concentrated in the center of the reactor chamber. The numerical model has been created using ANSYS Fluent software.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 3","pages":"919 - 950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma-Induced Oxidation in Micro-Droplets: Quantifying H2O2 and OH Fluxes and Transport Limitations","authors":"Dongxuan Xu,&nbsp;Tanubhav K. Srivastava,&nbsp;Peter J. Bruggeman","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10549-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10549-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The plasma treatment of micro-droplets significantly enhances the reactivity transfer of gas phase species into the liquid phase and enables more efficient conversion of chemical compounds. While OH fluxes to the droplet have been obtained using gas phase density measurements, the determination of these fluxes involved assumptions. In this work, the H₂O₂ production and OH flux to the droplet have been quantified using a combined approach of liquid phase measurement and 1D reaction-diffusion modeling. It was found that H₂O₂ is majorly produced in the gas phase. To quantify the OH flux, four compounds (formate, ascorbic acid, ferrocyanide, caffeine) that readily react with OH were treated at varying initial concentrations. Two transport limited trends were observed: (1) solute diffusion limited conversion for lower initial concentrations, and (2) gas phase species flux limited conversion for higher initial concentrations. The latter limit allows for the OH flux determination. Furthermore, it was found that competing reactive chemistry in the liquid phase, as in the cases of ferrocyanide and caffeine, can result in reaction limited conversion and skew the OH flux quantification. The OH flux derived from the formate and ascorbic acid measurements showed excellent agreement with previous OH gas phase measurements and are recommended to be used for OH flux measurements in plasma-liquid setups for which the liquid phase chemistry is not dominated by other oxidizing species such as ozone.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 3","pages":"661 - 676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Needle-to-Liquid DC Discharge in Atmospheric Air: Electrical Characteristics and Impact on Potassium Halide Solutions","authors":"L. Alomari,&nbsp;T. Orriere,&nbsp;C. Batiot-Dupeyrat,&nbsp;B. Teychene,&nbsp;E. Moreau","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10547-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10547-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the electrical and chemical characteristics of a non-thermal atmospheric pressure DC plasma discharge in a needle-to-liquid configuration. A high-voltage (HV) needle is placed at 2 mm above the liquid surface, while the ground electrode is submerged in a potassium halide solution (potassium iodide (KI) or potassium chloride (KCl)). The reactive species in the liquid are estimated based on their reaction with KI, producing iodine (I₂), either through direct titration of the plasma-treated KI or back titration of the plasma-treated KCl. Different discharge regimes are identified for each polarity: Trichel corona, unstable glow, and stable glow for negative polarity, and onset streamer, Hermstein glow corona, unstable glow, and stable glow for positive polarity. The presence of a liquid surface allows for higher voltage and current ranges without sparking and facilitates the establishment of a stable glow discharge, which is challenging in the case of a needle-to-plate configuration. The concentration of reactive species in the liquid is significantly lower in corona regimes compared to glow regimes, due to their lower power consumption, and the absence of direct contact between the plasma and the liquid. Moreover, the positive unstable glow is three times more efficient than the negative stable glow. One explanation is that the flow induced within the liquid during the positive unstable glow discharge enhances mixing of reactive species, preventing their saturation at the gas-liquid interface and improving their penetration into the liquid phase.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 3","pages":"677 - 705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Valorization of C2 + Hydrocarbons Via Plasma Processes","authors":"Fabio Cameli,&nbsp;Georgios D. Stefanidis","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10542-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10542-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Hydrocarbon chains produced as byproduct of natural gas extraction and petrochemical processing can be valorised into syngas/H₂ and oxygenated fuels in a modular fashion through electrified modular plasma reactors. A plethora of configurations is available for light hydrocarbons reforming, with cold plasma assemblies emerging as the favourite option for both gas-phase and biphasic gas/liquid set-ups. Accurate control of dehydrogenation or partial oxidation reactions is provided by the implementation of a catalyst or through microreactor technology. On the contrary, warm plasma reactors are more suitable for reforming of gasoline/diesel chains, promoting higher throughput of H₂ per energy input. This reaction route does not necessarily require the deployment of a catalyst, hence making these systems more suitable for modular, decentralized processes. Online diagnostic techniques shed light on the reaction mechanism, where solid carbon deposits embody a low-value byproduct.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 2","pages":"639 - 658"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s11090-025-10542-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Distributions of Chemical Species in a Pin-to-plate Dry Air Corona Discharge","authors":"Maryam Keshavarzi,&nbsp;Mostafa Salahshoor,&nbsp;Gholamhassan Najafi,&nbsp;Mohammad Hadi Khoshtaghaza,&nbsp;Shiva Gorjian,&nbsp;Hamid Ghomi,&nbsp;Pourya Seyfi","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10538-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10538-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generated by plasma have demonstrated consequential effects on diverse commercial applications. Hence, studying the chemistry and spatial distribution of reactive species in plasma is imperative for understanding the influence of plasma in various applications. This study aims to systematically explore the plasma chemistry of a pin-to-plate negative direct current (DC) corona discharge in dry air, using simulations based on a two dimensional (2D) axisymmetric fluid model. The model encompasses a comprehensive set of chemical reactions involving 33 biomedically active species (ROS and RNS). This study entails a rigorous evaluation of the 2D spatial distribution of all chemical species, detailing their minimum and maximum values, at a needle voltage of −10 kV. To enhance visualization and enable comparisons, we integrate contour lines into the density distributions to indicate the average density of each species. <span>({text{N}}_{2}left({text{A}}^{3}sumright))</span> among nitrogen species, O₃ and <span>({text{O}}_{2}left({text{a}}^{1}Deltaright))</span> among oxygen species, and N₂O among NOx species exhibit the highest average density in the simulation domain. Furthermore, key reactions involved in the production and consumption of each species are thoroughly discussed. Additionally, the research examines the influence of needle voltage, ranging from −5 to −12.5 kV, on the peak and average densities of all species investigated. Lastly, to validate the simulation model, an experimental study of the pin-to-plate negative DC corona discharge is conducted, during which the voltage-current characteristics and optical emission spectrometry (OES) profiles are measured. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental data.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 3","pages":"873 - 918"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Modulate the Metal Content in Polymer/Metal Composites Synthesized by PECVD","authors":"P. Lottin,&nbsp;J.-F. Coulon,&nbsp;D. Debarnot","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10551-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10551-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study focuses on tuning the metal content in a polymer/metal composite produced by a low-pressure cold plasma process using an organometallic precursor. Firstly, the evolution of the metal content is studied according to the experimental parameters. Monomer fragmentation and the balance between ablation and polymerization influence the metal content in the composite. In addition, physical sputtering through argon plasma treatment of the composite can be used to significantly increase its metal content. Finally, the ageing of the composite is studied. Both the inorganic and organic parts of the material are affected by oxidation. A comparison of the composite ageing with a purely organic polymer highlights the effect of copper on oxidation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 3","pages":"1011 - 1027"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffusion Transport of Target Material for a Planar Asymmetrical Hollow Cathode Sputtering System","authors":"D. A. Butnyakov,&nbsp;I. A. Sorokin,&nbsp;D. V. Kolodko","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10550-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10550-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work investigates the features of a sputtering system with an asymmetrical planar hollow cathode discharge at 10–100 Pa pressures. The asymmetrical hollow cathode discharge occurs between two planar cathodes with different negative potentials. The problem of diffusion transport of sputtered material was formulated and numerically solved. To verify the results of the numerical model, tungsten coatings were deposited at a pressure of 40 Pa. The numerical model results based on the diffusion transport were compared with experimental data. The qualitative agreement between the model and experimental results was demonstrated. For substrates with positive curvature and a size smaller than the output aperture of the sputtering system, a characteristic increase in film thickness to the edges has been experimentally and numerically shown, which is associated with the diffusive nature of the sputtered material transport.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 3","pages":"1029 - 1044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Flow-Induced Changes in Coaxial Cylindrical Dielectric Barrier Discharge Using Equivalent Circuit Modelling and Chemical Workbench Simulations","authors":"Ram Mohan Pathak,&nbsp;J. Ananthanarasimhan,&nbsp;Sounak Nandi,&nbsp;Chinmaya Ranjan Das,&nbsp;Lakshminarayana Rao","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10545-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10545-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the development of an equivalent electrical circuit model using MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the discharge behaviour of a coaxial cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) and explores the influence of the flow regime on its electrical characteristics. Validation of the experimental findings was performed using Simulink and Chemical Workbench (CWB). The simulations provided valuable insights into the DBD behaviour, facilitating its performance optimization. The equivalent circuit model demonstrated accurate predictions of peak current amplitude <span>((I_{peak} ))</span>, root mean square of total current <span>(left( { I_{rms } } right))</span>, and microfilament discharge resistance <span>(left( { R_{f } } right))</span>. The study unveiled a significant impact of the flow regime on the electrical properties of the DBD. As the flow rate (<i>Q</i>) transitioned from the laminar flow regime (Reynolds number, <i>Re</i> = 300) to the turbulent flow regime (Re = 4500), the peak current <span>((I_{peak} ))</span> exhibited an increase from 60 to 80 mA for Argon (Ar) and 90–140 mA for Nitrogen (N₂) gas. Simultaneously, the <span>(R_{f })</span> decreased from 3.0 to 0.6 mΩ for Ar and 2.0 mΩ to 0.1 mΩ for N₂. The effect of <i>Q</i> on discharge mode was analyzed using image analysis. In N₂, the discharge remained more filamentary across a wider range of <i>Q</i> (from 5.8 to 31.5 SLPM) compared to Ar. Electron density (<i>n</i>_<i>e</i>) estimated from both experimental data and the CWB model, was found to be of the same order of magnitude. For both gases, an increase in <i>Q</i> led to a rise in <i>n</i>_<i>e</i> and a reduction in <span>(R_{f})</span>. Even at higher <i>Q</i>, the filamentary structure in N₂ was more persistent compared to Ar. The effect of <i>Q</i> on gas temperature (<span>(T_{g })</span>) was also studied, showing a decrease in <span>(T_{g })</span> for both Ar and N₂, from 408 to 320 K for Ar and from 689 to 435 K for N₂, corresponding to increased <i>Q</i> under identical conditions. The impact of the flow regime on <span>(R_{f })</span> was analyzed using the Peclet number (<i>Pe</i>) to gain a better understanding of heat/mass transport from the discharge to the surroundings. The MATLAB/Simulink and CWB models corroborated these findings, demonstrating excellent agreement with the experimental results. This validation underscores the reliability of the models in effectively characterizing the discharge parameters of the DBD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 3","pages":"795 - 828"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Material Characterization Using Cold Atmospheric Plasma Excitation and Laser Vibrometry","authors":"Nasser Ghaderi,&nbsp;Navid Hasheminejad,&nbsp;Ali Golmohammadi,&nbsp;Bart Ribbens,&nbsp;Joris Dirckx,&nbsp;Steve Vanlanduit","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10541-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10541-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) finds numerous applications across various sectors, including industry (e.g. surface modification) and medicine (e.g. tissue regeneration, wound healing, oncology, and dentistry). However, understanding the mechanical properties of materials undergoing CAP treatment is of great importance, particularly for applications involving changes in material properties. This study aims to utilize CAP as an excitation device for assessing the mechanical properties of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sample. CAP was employed to induce vibrations on a PMMA sample around its resonance frequency, and the resulting vibrations were measured by a scanning laser doppler vibrometer. The elastic modulus of the PMMA sample was then calculated based on the stress and strain profiles obtained from the measured vibrations. The obtained elastic modulus value of 4.87 GPa showed excellent agreement with the 4.83 GPa value obtained using other excitation devices, indicating the reliability of CAP in mechanical characterization. This study is the first step toward potential applications that can break new ground in the use of CAP in monitoring and characterization of mechanical properties during CAP treatment (e.g. surface treatment), paving the way for enhanced control and optimization of CAP-based processes in various applications.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 2","pages":"503 - 514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143422991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Characterization of a Falling Film Plasma Reactor for the Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water","authors":"N. J. Milardovich,&nbsp;B. Santamaría,&nbsp;B. L. Fina,&nbsp;J. C. Chamorro,&nbsp;G. Fischfeld,&nbsp;L. Prevosto","doi":"10.1007/s11090-025-10540-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11090-025-10540-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An experimental and numerical characterization of a falling film plasma reactor for the degradation of aqueous organic pollutants in batch operation mode is reported. A pulsed corona discharge in humid air is excited by short voltage pulses (&lt; 100 ns) generated by a capacitive-storage power source and a high-pressure gas spark-gap. Indigo carmine is chosen as the reference pollutant. A volume of 20 L of indigo carmine solution with an initial concentration of 20 mg/L are completely decolored after 11 min treatment for a reactor mean power of 33 W. The electrical-energy efficiency per order and the energy yield of the process are calculated to be 0.25 kWh/m³ and 101 g/kWh, respectively. The generation of reactive species is also assessed in both the liquid and gas phases. Very low concentrations of NO₂^– and NO₃^– ions are found, practically not causing water acidification. The main gaseous species produced by the corona discharge are O₃ and HO₂· radicals. In addition, a kinetic model of the reactor is presented and compared with measured data. The numerical results indicate that reactions in the stagnant liquid film next to the gas-liquid interface are essential to explain the measured removal rates. The rapid kinetic regime of the liquid film strongly accelerates the uptake rates of HO₂· (rapidly converted to O₂^–·) and O₃, which far exceed the uptake rates predicted by the mass transfer coefficient for a reactionless film.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":734,"journal":{"name":"Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing","volume":"45 2","pages":"597 - 618"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}