Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Corrigendum to Contribution of Maternal Adherence to the Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis Vol 16 (2025) 100455","authors":"Emily R Smith , Filomena Gomes , Megan W Bourassa , Christopher R Sudfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100553","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100553","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 100553"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145497519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Health Impacts of Water Fluorides: Current Evidence from a Rapid Systematic Review","authors":"Fatemeh V Zohoori ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Kumah ,&nbsp;Jelena Kronic ,&nbsp;Michael Drinnan ,&nbsp;Alexander J Morris","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100547","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100547","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite being established public health practice for &gt;80 y, community water fluoridation continues to attract assertions of harm, and continued scrutiny of the evidence is required to inform policy. A rapid systematic literature review was conducted to examine human nondental health outcomes from fluoride exposure through drinking water. A protocol was developed a priori and registered on the Open Science Framework. Literature searches were conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Web of Science, Embase, PubMed, Campbell Collaboration, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases. Gray literature and citation searches were also undertaken. Quality assessment was performed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Meta-analysis was judged not feasible due to the heterogeneous nature of the included studies. A total of 1143 unique records were identified, of which 130 full-text studies were reviewed and 58 were selected for final inclusion. Among these, 37 were cross-sectional studies, 15 were cohort studies, 4 were case-control studies, and 2 were ecological studies. Most studies were judged to be of acceptable quality using MMAT. The most common risk of bias was insufficient control of confounders. Health outcomes studied included blood pressure, neurological outcomes, bone cancers, thyroid function, skeletal outcomes, low birth weight/preterm birth, and metabolic outcomes. In children, some evidence of adverse effects on neurological outcomes and thyroid function was observed. In adults, some evidence was identified of adverse effects on blood pressure, thyroid function, and skeletal structure. In general, these effects occurred at drinking water fluoride concentrations &gt;1.5 mg/L. No evidence of adverse effects was found at concentrations &lt;1.0 mg/L in both children and adults. The nature of study designs and methodological limitations precluded causal inference. No convincing evidence of harm was identified from community water fluoridation at concentrations between 0.7 and 1.0 mg/L, whereas uncertainty remains at higher concentrations. Significant methodological limitations highlight the need for more rigorous future studies. A protocol was developed a priori and registered on the Open Science Framework (Registration DOI: <span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/JH245</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 100547"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dietary Intake Trajectories from Early Life and Associated Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review","authors":"Miaobing Zheng ,&nbsp;Seon Y Park ,&nbsp;Kristy A Bolton ,&nbsp;Mary Foong-Fong Chong ,&nbsp;Sara Grafenauer ,&nbsp;Bo Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The vital role of early dietary intake in shaping later health has been widely acknowledged, but how changes in dietary intake from early life influence health outcomes remains unclear. This review systematically synthesized the literature that examined the longitudinal associations between changes in dietary intake (i.e., trajectories) from early life and health outcomes. Electronic searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect to gather longitudinal cohort studies that investigated dietary intake trajectories from infancy, childhood, or adolescence (with first dietary assessment before age 18 y) and any health outcomes published from inception to September 2024 (CRD42024512716). Of 16 included studies, 14 reported significant associations between dietary intake trajectories (intakes of macronutrients, food groups, diet quality or dietary patterns) in childhood or from childhood to adolescence/early adulthood and dental, obesity, cardiometabolic, neurocognitive, liver or gut health outcomes from age 2 y up to age 41 y. Most studies were of high (<em>n</em> = 2) or acceptable (<em>n</em> = 12) quality. A high or increasing sugar intake trajectory during infancy was linked to an increased risk of dental caries in early childhood, whereas a healthy dietary pattern trajectory was associated with lower risk. Trajectories of poor diet quality, red meat dietary pattern, and high discretionary food intake from infancy/early childhood were associated with adiposity and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes at adolescence and adulthood. Significant associations were also found between trajectories of dietary patterns or macronutrient intakes (e.g., protein, carbohydrate, and dietary fiber) from infancy and neurocognitive outcomes in childhood. High energy intake trajectory from early childhood to adolescence and carbohydrate intake from infancy to early adulthood were associated with poor liver health outcomes and gut microbiota composition in adulthood, respectively. Dietary intake trajectories established from infancy or early childhood were associated with various health outcomes. Dietary interventions should be initiated from infancy or early childhood for early health promotion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Acquisition, Preparation, and Consumption Practices in South Asia: A Scoping Review of Assessment Tools","authors":"Sharvari Patwardhan ,&nbsp;Morgan Boncyk ,&nbsp;Rasmi Avula ,&nbsp;Christine E Blake ,&nbsp;Fahmida Akter ,&nbsp;Jai K Das ,&nbsp;Renuka Silva ,&nbsp;Purnima Menon ,&nbsp;Samuel Scott","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Assessing behaviors related to food choice at individual and household levels is essential for improving household diets, but assessment tools are limited. We conducted a scoping review to identify gaps in existing assessment tools for food acquisition, preparation, and household consumption practices in South Asia, where diets are rapidly changing. We undertook systematic keyword searches of 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection) to identify studies assessing food acquisition, food preparation, and household consumption practices in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, published in English between 2000 and April 2025. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts, and full texts and extracted data on study characteristics and the assessment tools used to examine the food choice behaviors. Of 13,160 unique articles identified, 50 were included for synthesis. Food acquisition behaviors (e.g., what and how often food is purchased, changes in food purchases) were assessed by 26 studies, food preparation (e.g., cooking habits, intrahousehold distribution of responsibilities, preparation methods) by 9 studies, and household consumption practices (e.g., timing, snacking, meal skipping, eating away from the home) by 30 studies. Most studies used quantitative methods (<em>n</em> = 34), some used qualitative methods (<em>n</em> = 13), and few used mixed methods (<em>n</em> = 3). Likert scales and semistructured interviews were the most used tools for quantitative and qualitative assessments, respectively. Across the 50 studies, 40 different tools were used to assess food-related behaviors, and only 14 studies claimed to be using validated tools. Few studies included a full tool in the text or supplemental material (<em>n</em> = 23). Currently, there is little alignment on how to assess food choice behaviors in South Asia, highlighting the need for a contextually adaptable repository of tools. Adapting and validating existing tools, rather than creating new ones, could improve efficiency, continuity, and comparability.</div><div>This study was registered at Open Science Framework Registries as <span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5GPEF</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100518"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Influence of Feeding Expressed Mother’s Own Milk Using Varying Expression Practices or Treatments on Health and Growth of Recipient Infants","authors":"Serena Gandino ,&nbsp;Tanya Cassidy ,&nbsp;Marzia Giribaldi ,&nbsp;Magdalena Babiszewska-Aksami ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura ,&nbsp;Laura Cavallarin ,&nbsp;Karolina Karcz ,&nbsp;Daniel Klotz ,&nbsp;Chiara Peila ,&nbsp;Carolyn Smith ,&nbsp;Bartłomiej Walczak ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Wesolowska","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When feeding at the breast is not possible, infants can still receive expressed mother’s own milk (MOM). Method of expression, hygiene practices and settings during expression, and processing can affect MOM composition. This study aimed to review current evidence on the influence of feeding MOM expressed using varying expression methods, hygiene practices or settings during expression, or treatments on the health and growth of recipient infants. We systematically searched CENTRAL, CINAHL, <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>, Embase, Emcare, EU trials, Global Health, Global Index Medicus, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and WHO for primary research studies, including observational studies, published up to March 2024 evaluating different methods of MOM expression, hygiene practices or settings during expression, and methods processing of MOM and reporting clinical outcomes on recipient infants. Key outcomes of interest were growth, mortality, morbidity, feeding tolerance, adverse events, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, retroviral infection, other infections, nutrient deficiencies, neurodevelopment, and breastfeeding. Qualitative thematic synthesis was conducted. An evidence gap map was produced using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Of 29,320 studies screened, 45 met the inclusion criteria. No expression method or pump type showed clear benefits for breastfeeding rates or infant growth. Three studies reported improved weight gain in infants receiving hindmilk. Evidence on the effect of processing methods on morbidity and mortality was inconclusive. Limited evidence was found on the efficacy of the freeze-thaw cycle in reducing CMV transmission, whereas pasteurization proved more effective. No studies assessed clinical outcomes related to hygiene practices or expression settings. The use of hindmilk improves infant weight gain with some certainty of evidence. Hand expression of MOM has similar efficacy to that of electric pumping on the growth of recipient infants, including preterm infants. Evidence on clinical outcomes of different MOM expression practices and treatments is very limited. This work underscores the need for future studies to address the substantial evidence gaps identified.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024523299.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145115082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Food-Derived DNA Methyltransferase Modulators: Mechanistic Insights and Perspectives for Healthy Aging","authors":"Manuela Campisi ,&nbsp;Luana Cannella ,&nbsp;Francesco Visioli ,&nbsp;Sofia Pavanello","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA methylation represents a crucial epigenetic mechanism orchestrating gene expression, cellular homeostasis, and the aging trajectory. Dysregulation of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs)—the enzymes catalyzing this process—has been implicated in a wide spectrum of chronic conditions, including cancer, cardiovascular and metabolic disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases. Emerging evidence suggests that food-derived bioactive compounds can act as DNMT inhibitors, reshaping epigenetic landscapes. This systematic review, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022320316), critically evaluated in vitro, in vivo animal, and ex vivo studies investigating the effects of dietary bioactives on DNMT expression and activity. A thorough search of PubMed up to 23 May, 2025, yielded 103 studies, of which 76 met the inclusion criteria. Eligible publications were original, peer-reviewed, and provided evidence from in vitro, in vivo animal, or ex vivo models. Frequently studied bioactives included epigallocatechin-3-gallate, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, sulforaphane, and folate. Notably, nearly 90% of studies reported DNMT inhibition—often dose- and time-dependent. Approximately 21% defined minimal effective concentrations, predominantly for isolated compounds. Several studies described synergistic interactions between bioactives, and emerging data highlighted the gut microbiota’s mediating role in epigenetic modulation. Despite promising outcomes, the predominance of preclinical evidence and variability in experimental protocols and dosing limit the immediate translational impact. Nonetheless, current findings underscore the promise of dietary DNMT modulators as foundational elements for precision nutrition strategies aimed at promoting healthy aging and mitigating age-associated disease risk. The potential application of DNA methylation age as a biomarker of biological aging has been increasingly supported by recent literature, reinforcing its relevance in future nutritional epigenetics research. Further well-designed clinical trials are warranted to assess long-term efficacy, safety, and bioavailability of these compounds and to validate their use in personalized epigenetic interventions using biological aging markers. This review was funded by the European Union—Next Generation EU, PNRR Project Age-It (DM 1557 11.10.2022), and the University of Padua SID Grant (2024DCTV1SIDPROGETTI-00194).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100521"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145103043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive Review of Nutritional Influences on the Serotonergic System","authors":"Justin Tang ,&nbsp;Luke Krushelnycky ,&nbsp;Abir Shaqo ,&nbsp;Clara E Cho","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a critical monoamine neurotransmitter and hormone that orchestrates a vast array of physiological and psychological processes, including mood, sleep, appetite, and gastrointestinal motility. Serotonin synthesis is dependent on the availability of its dietary precursor, the essential amino acid tryptophan, and it affects biochemical pathways that may be modulated by other nutrients. We conducted a literature search to comprehensively examine the nutritional influences on the serotonergic system. Relevant original research, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and clinical trial reports were retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with additional articles identified from reference lists of published review papers. Key nutritional determinants of serotonergic function include macronutrients that influence the tryptophan-to-large neutral amino acid ratio (a regulator of tryptophan availability in the brain) and micronutrients, such as B-vitamins, vitamin D, iron, and magnesium, that serve as essential cofactors in serotonin synthesis and metabolism. Emerging evidence also highlights the role of the gut microbiota, shaped by dietary components, prebiotics, and probiotics, in modulating serotonergic function across both central and peripheral systems. Nutritional factors that affect serotonin have been increasingly linked to conditions such as depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, disordered eating, obesity, and irritable bowel syndrome. Altogether, this review emphasizes the profound impact of nutrition on serotonergic regulation and advocates for targeted dietary approaches as promising catalysts for optimizing human health. Key research gaps and future directions are outlined to help advance the translation of current evidence into precise nutritional guidelines and clinical applications, with the complexity of serotonin pathways as an important consideration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100524"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145151812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthy Food Voucher Programs: Global Evidence on Structure, Implementation, and Nutrition-Related Outcomes","authors":"Jonathan Lara-Arevalo ,&nbsp;Camila Corvalan ,&nbsp;Isabel Pemjean ,&nbsp;Daniela Montes de Oca ,&nbsp;Shu Wen Ng ,&nbsp;Lindsey Smith Taillie","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Healthy food voucher programs (HFVPs) provide lower-income participants with benefits to purchase healthy, nutrient-dense foods and are a promising strategy for improving dietary and nutritional outcomes. HFVPs can complement policies aimed at reducing unhealthy food consumption, contributing to improved food security, dietary outcomes, and reducing nutritional disparities. Understanding the structural factors that make these programs acceptable and effective in improving dietary patterns is essential for designing impactful HFVPs. However, updated evidence on these components is limited. This narrative review focuses on incentive programs that provide voucher benefits for healthy foods, synthesizing global evidence on program structure components (i.e., participant eligibility and enrollment, benefit delivery and timing, eligible products, benefit value, program duration, retail venues, and inclusion of nutrition education) that may influence program impact. It also summarizes diet and nutrition-related outcomes by country’s income level, when possible. Key determinants of program acceptability included positive interactions with program and retail staff, available multilingual information, electronic benefits over physical ones, a variety of eligible healthy foods, and including local markets as participating venues. Additionally, offering remote enrollment options, using mail delivery or electronic benefits to avoid transportation costs, adjusting benefits for inflation and household size, allowing redemption in various retail venues, and coupling benefits with engaging nutrition education activities were factors influencing program effectiveness. Most evidence indicates that HFVPs increase the purchase and consumption of healthy foods, improve food security, and enhance nutrition knowledge. However, mixed results were found regarding diet quality indicators, physical health outcomes, and mental health. Factors such as insufficient benefit size, inflation, and rising food prices, as well as short intervention lengths, contributed to null results. Our findings underscore the potential of HFVPs to improve diets and reduce nutritional disparities; however, addressing identified barriers during program design and implementation is essential to ensure that these programs achieve their goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ingestive Behavior and Precision Nutrition: Part of the Puzzle","authors":"Annabel Biruete ,&nbsp;Pius Sarfo Buobu ,&nbsp;Robert V Considine ,&nbsp;Erisa Met Hoxha ,&nbsp;Heather A Eicher-Miller ,&nbsp;Kimberly P Kinzig ,&nbsp;Anita A Panjwani ,&nbsp;Cordelia A Running ,&nbsp;Giorgia Rutigliani ,&nbsp;Dennis A Savaiano ,&nbsp;Amanda Veile ,&nbsp;Patricia G Wolf ,&nbsp;Richard D Mattes","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The marked individual variability in response to common dietary exposures necessitates tailoring of dietary guidance to individuals, or small groups of individuals with similar needs, to optimize health. This is a complex task requiring integration of environmental, cultural, psychological, and biological contributions. Work in the area of precision nutrition is an effort to translate science into practice. A research roadmap developed through a National Institutes of Health conference identified many of the inputs that require quantification. Better characterization of ingestive behaviors is one key area. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize current understanding of the influences of age, sex, body mass index, ethnicity, and genetics on ingestive behaviors, including culture, sensory function, appetite, dietary intake, the gut–brain axis, and microbiome. To do so, the extant literature was accessed through search engines relevant to the various topics covered. Outcomes assessed varied topically. In addition to compiling evidence on the nature and magnitude of these relationships, this review highlights the degree of individual variability in attributes or responses to an intervention. More broadly, it documents: <em>1</em>) that cause-and-effect relationships are difficult to establish as most are dynamic and interactive; <em>2</em>) there are inherent and learned contributions to both behavior and biology that will require different considerations and offer different opportunities for manipulation; <em>3</em>) a focus on intuitive approaches may not be as successful as desired; <em>4</em>) that external influences can, and often do, override internal influences of biology; and <em>5</em>) there are multiple ways to construct healthful diets. At the same time, it is vital that improved methods to characterize the multiple relevant inputs to ingestive behavior be developed. It is hoped that the evidence compiled here will inform efforts to develop precision nutrition guidance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100531"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Probiotics and Synbiotics Supplementation Reduce Inflammatory Cytokines in Individuals with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from a Systematic Review Meta-analysis","authors":"Azin Setayesh ,&nbsp;Mehdi Karimi ,&nbsp;Fereshteh Valizadeh ,&nbsp;Omid Asbaghi ,&nbsp;Samira Pirzad ,&nbsp;Sayed Hossein Davoodi ,&nbsp;Bagher Larijani","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic inflammation plays a significant role in the development and progression of diabetes. Despite growing interest in probiotic and synbiotic supplementation, there is limited consensus on their efficacy in modulating inflammatory cytokines. This meta-analysis evaluates the impact of these supplements on inflammatory cytokines in adults with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). A comprehensive search was conducted on online databases from their inception to September 2025 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Data were extracted from selected studies, and the overall effect size was determined using weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through a random-effects model. The pooled analysis of 22 RCTs, including 1321 individuals with prediabetes and T2DM, showed that probiotic and synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced C-reactive protein (CRP) (WMD: −0.46 mg/L, 95% CI: [−0.77, −0.15], p=0.003), interleukin-6 (IL-6) (WMD: −0.43 pg/ml, 95% CI: [−0.76, −0.09], p=0.012), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) (WMD: −1.42 pg/ml, 95% CI: [−2.15, −0.69], p&lt;0.001). Subgroup analyses revealed that CRP reduction was greatest among participants with baseline CRP ≥3 mg/L, those undergoing longer interventions (≥12 weeks), individuals with T2DM, overweight participants, and when probiotics were administered. IL-6 levels were significantly reduced in obese individuals, particularly with longer treatment durations and synbiotic interventions, while TNF-α reductions were most pronounced in long-term interventions (≥12 weeks), especially among T2DM patients with normal BMI and when probiotics were used. In conclusion, probiotic and synbiotic supplementation significantly reduces inflammatory cytokines (CRP, IL-6, TNF-α) in individuals with prediabetes and T2DM, with the strongest effects observed in those with higher baseline inflammation and longer intervention durations, underscoring the importance of tailoring supplementation strategies to individual inflammation status, intervention duration, and metabolic profile to optimize therapeutic outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 11","pages":"Article 100526"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}