Dietary Patterns and Cardiovascular Diseases in Asia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

IF 8 1区医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS

Advances in Nutrition Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI:10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100249

Gladys Huiyun Lim , Nithya Neelakantan , Yu Qi Lee , Su Hyun Park , Zhi Heng Kor , Rob M van Dam , Mary Foong-Fong Chong , Airu Chia

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引用次数: 0

Abstract

With emerging Asian-derived diet quality indices and data-driven dietary patterns available, we aimed to synthesize the various dietary patterns and quantify its association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among Asian populations. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for observational studies in South, Southeast, and East Asia. Dietary patterns were grouped “high-quality,” which included high intakes of three or more of the following food groups: 1) fruits and vegetables, 2) whole grains, 3) healthy protein sources (legumes and nuts, fish and seafood, low-fat dairy, and lean meat and poultry), and 4) liquid plant oils. High-quality patterns were further subcategorized based on their derivation methods: non-Asian indices, Asian indices, data-driven patterns, and plant-based indices. Dietary patterns were grouped “low-quality,” which included high intakes of two or more of the following: 5) ultraprocessed food, 6) beverages and foods with added sugars, 7) foods high in salt, and 8) alcoholic beverages. Data-driven dietary patterns characterized by animal food sources were labeled “animal-based,” and studies using dietary diversity scores were labeled “diet diversity indices.” Dietary patterns that could not be meaningfully categorized were summarized narratively. Study-specific effect estimates were pooled using a random-effects model. Forty-one studies were included in this review. Higher adherence to high-quality dietary patterns in the top compared with bottom tertile defined by non-Asian indices (RR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.69, 0.88; GRADE: moderate), Asian indices (RR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79, 0.90; GRADE: low), and data-driven patterns (RR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.74, 0.89; GRADE: moderate) were associated with lower CVD risk. Plant-based, low-quality, animal-based, and diet diversity indices dietary patterns were not associated with CVD. Associations of Asian diet quality indices and CVD risk were weaker than those with non-Asian indices, highlighting the need for current Asian diet quality criteria to be updated to better capture the impact of diet on CVD.

The systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021244318.

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亚洲的膳食模式与心血管疾病：系统回顾与元分析

随着新兴的亚洲膳食质量指数和数据驱动的膳食模式的出现，我们旨在综合各种膳食模式并量化其与亚洲人群心血管疾病（CVDs）的关联。我们系统地检索了 PubMed、Embase、Scopus 和 Web of Science 中有关南亚、东南亚和东亚的观察性研究。膳食模式被归类为 "高质量"，包括摄入以下三类或更多食物：1）水果和蔬菜；2）全谷物；3）健康蛋白质来源（豆类和坚果、鱼类和海鲜、低脂乳制品、瘦肉和家禽）；4）液态植物油。高质量的膳食模式根据其推导方法进一步细分为：非亚洲指数、亚洲指数、数据驱动型膳食模式和植物性膳食模式。膳食模式被归类为 "低质量"，其中包括以下两种或两种以上的高摄入量：5）超加工食品；6）添加糖的饮料和食品；7）高盐食品；8）酒精饮料。以动物性食物来源为特征的数据驱动膳食模式被称为 "动物性膳食"，使用膳食多样性评分的研究被称为 "膳食多样性指数"。无法进行有意义分类的膳食模式则以叙述的方式进行总结。采用随机效应模型对特定研究的效应估计值进行汇总。本综述共纳入 41 项研究。与非亚洲人指数（RR：0.78；95% CI：0.69，0.88；GRADE：中度）、亚洲人指数（RR：0.84；95% CI：0.79，0.90；GRADE：低度）和数据驱动模式（RR：0.81；95% CI：0.74，0.89；GRADE：中度）所定义的最低三分位数相比，最高三分位数中更多人坚持高质量膳食模式与较低的心血管疾病风险相关。植物性膳食、低质量膳食、动物性膳食和膳食多样性指数膳食模式与心血管疾病无关。亚洲人的饮食质量指数与心血管疾病风险的相关性弱于非亚洲人的指数，这表明目前亚洲人的饮食质量标准需要更新，以更好地反映饮食对心血管疾病的影响。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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来源期刊

Advances in Nutrition 医学-营养学

CiteScore

17.40

自引率

2.20%

发文量

117

审稿时长

56 days

期刊介绍： Advances in Nutrition (AN/Adv Nutr) publishes focused reviews on pivotal findings and recent research across all domains relevant to nutritional scientists and biomedical researchers. This encompasses nutrition-related research spanning biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies using experimental animal models, domestic animals, and human subjects. The journal also emphasizes clinical nutrition, epidemiology and public health, and nutrition education. Review articles concentrate on recent progress rather than broad historical developments. In addition to review articles, AN includes Perspectives, Letters to the Editor, and supplements. Supplement proposals require pre-approval by the editor before submission. The journal features reports and position papers from the American Society for Nutrition, summaries of major government and foundation reports, and Nutrient Information briefs providing crucial details about dietary requirements, food sources, deficiencies, and other essential nutrient information. All submissions with scientific content undergo peer review by the Editors or their designees prior to acceptance for publication.