Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in the Management of Malnutrition in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review","authors":"Marco Sguanci ,&nbsp;Sara Morales Palomares ,&nbsp;Giovanni Cangelosi ,&nbsp;Fabio Petrelli ,&nbsp;Elena Sandri ,&nbsp;Gaetano Ferrara ,&nbsp;Stefano Mancin","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Malnutrition is a critical complication among cancer patients, affecting ≤80% of individuals depending on cancer type, stage, and treatment. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool in healthcare, with potential applications in nutritional management to improve early detection, risk stratification, and personalized interventions. This systematic review evaluated the role of AI in identifying and managing malnutrition in cancer patients, focusing on its effectiveness in nutritional status assessment, prediction, clinical outcomes, and body composition monitoring. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Excerpta Medica Database from June to July 2024, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Quantitative primary studies investigating AI-based interventions for malnutrition detection, body composition analysis, and nutritional optimization in oncology were included. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools, and evidence certainty was evaluated with the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine framework. Eleven studies (<em>n</em> = 52,228 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were categorized into 3 overarching domains: nutritional status assessment and prediction, clinical and functional outcomes, and body composition and cachexia monitoring. AI-based models demonstrated high predictive accuracy in malnutrition detection (area under the curve &gt;0.80). Machine learning algorithms, including decision trees, random forests, and support vector machines, outperformed conventional screening tools. Deep learning models applied to medical imaging achieved high segmentation accuracy (Dice similarity coefficient: 0.92–0.94), enabling early cachexia detection. AI-driven virtual dietitian systems improved dietary adherence (84%) and reduced unplanned hospitalizations. AI-enhanced workflows streamlined dietitian referrals, reducing referral times by 2.4 d. AI demonstrates significant potential in optimizing malnutrition screening, body composition monitoring, and personalized nutritional interventions for cancer patients. Its integration into oncology nutrition care could enhance patient outcomes and optimize healthcare resource allocation. Further research is necessary to standardize AI models and ensure clinical applicability. This systematic review followed a protocol registered prospectively on Open Science Framework (<span><span>https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/A259M</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Urgent Need for Clinical Nutrition Education in Medical Training: Integrating Developmental Origin of Health and Disease and Perinatal Nutrition into Programs and Credentialing","authors":"Ronilson Corrêa ,&nbsp;Ana Elisa Toscano ,&nbsp;Paula Brielle Pontes ,&nbsp;Raul Manhães de Castro","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100450"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Nut Intake on Gut Microbiome Composition and Gut Function in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Matthew Snelson ,&nbsp;Jessica R Biesiekierski ,&nbsp;Susanna Chen ,&nbsp;Nessmah Sultan ,&nbsp;Barbara R Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100465","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100465","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes associated with nut consumption may occur via modulation of the gut microbiota, although this has not been comprehensively assessed. This systematic review of clinical trials aimed to assess the effects of nuts on gut microbiota composition and metabolites, as well astheir effects on gut function and symptoms in adults. The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023451282). Outcomes included microbiota diversity, specific bacterial abundances, gastrointestinal symptoms, intestinal permeability, fecal pH, fecal moisture, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. We performed meta-analyses to assess the overall effect of nuts on fecal moisture, pH, intestinal permeability, and SCFA concentrations. Among the 28 intervention trials included in this review, almonds were the most commonly studied (12 trials), whereas other nuts, such as walnuts, peanuts, pistachios, and Brazil nuts, were also examined. Nineteen articles reported the effects of almond, walnut, peanut, or mixed nuts on the microbiota composition. Additionally, 6 trials used interventions involving a mixture of different nuts. A total of 19 trials assessed the community structure of the gut microbiota by evaluating α-diversity and β-diversity metrics, with most finding no significant differences following the nut intervention. Regarding taxonomic changes, the majority of studies reported no significant changes across nut interventions. However, several studies noted increases in <em>Clostridium</em> and <em>Roseburia</em> species, with mixed results for <em>Bifidobacterium</em> species abundance following almond or walnut intervention. Five studies assessed fecal SCFA concentrations, with positive effects of nut interventions on propionate. There were no effects of nut interventions on fecal pH and intestinal permeability, with an unfavorable effect on fecal moisture. In summary, the available evidence indicates that nuts have modest effect on gut health, but the substantial heterogeneity between studies may hinder further conclusions.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023451282.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100465"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144303785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Red Meat Consumption on Circulating, Urinary, and Fecal Trimethylamine-N-Oxide: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"Fatemeh Jafari,&nbsp;Janhavi J Damani,&nbsp;Kristina S Petersen","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cardiovascular concerns exist about the effect of red meat on circulating concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an emerging cardiovascular disease risk factor. The aim was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to evaluate the effect of higher red meat intake, compared with lower intake, on circulating, urinary, and fecal TMAO concentrations in generally healthy adults and/or adults with stable chronic diseases. A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, the Cochrane Collaboration Library, and Web of Science. RCTs examining the effect of a ≥7-d dietary intervention featuring red meat on urinary, fecal, and/or circulating (plasma or serum) concentrations of TMAO in adults (≥18 y) were included. Eligible trials had a comparator group/condition that was exposed to a dietary intervention for ≥ 7 d lower in red meat and featuring white meat, fish, eggs, dairy, or plant-based protein sources. In total, 375 publications were identified. Fifteen publications reporting the results of 13 RCTs (<em>n</em> = 553; median duration 28 d), including 15 diet comparisons, were eligible. In 6 comparisons, higher circulating or urinary TMAO concentrations were observed after higher red meat intake (∼71–420 g/d) compared with comparator conditions lower in red meat. In 7 comparisons, no differences in serum/plasma TMAO concentrations were observed with higher red meat-containing diets (∼60–156 g/d) compared with diets lower in red meat. Two comparisons showed that consuming higher red meat diets lowered TMAO concentrations after 28 d compared with lower red meat diets containing seafood. In short-term studies (median duration of 28 d), higher red meat intake had inconsistent effects on circulating and urinary TMAO concentrations. Further high-quality research on red meat-related TMAO modulation, including effect magnitude and clinical relevance, is needed. This study was registered at Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) as CRD42023396799.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100453"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data in Personalized Nutrition: Bridging Biomedical, Psycho-behavioral, and Food Environment Approaches for Population-wide Impact","authors":"Jakob Linseisen ,&nbsp;Britta Renner ,&nbsp;Kurt Gedrich ,&nbsp;Jan Wirsam ,&nbsp;Christina Holzapfel ,&nbsp;Stefan Lorkowski ,&nbsp;Bernhard Watzl ,&nbsp;Hannelore Daniel ,&nbsp;Michael Leitzmann ,&nbsp;Working Group “Personalized Nutrition” of the German Nutrition Society","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100377","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100377","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personalized nutrition (PN) represents an approach aimed at delivering tailored dietary recommendations, products, or services to support both prevention and treatment of nutrition-related conditions and to improve individual health using genetic, phenotypic, medical, nutritional, and other pertinent information. However, current approaches have yielded limited scientific success in improving diets or in mitigating diet-related conditions. In addition, PN currently caters to a specific subgroup of the population rather than having a widespread impact on diet and health at a population level. Addressing these challenges requires integrating traditional biomedical and dietary assessment methods with psycho-behavioral, and novel digital and diagnostic methods for comprehensive data collection, which holds considerable promise in alleviating present PN shortcomings. This comprehensive approach not only allows for deriving personalized goals (“what should be achieved”) but also customizing behavioral change processes (“how to bring about change”). We herein outline and discuss the concept of “Adaptive Personalized Nutrition Advice Systems,” which blends data from 3 assessment domains: <em>1</em>) biomedical/health phenotyping; <em>2</em>) stable and dynamic behavioral signatures; and <em>3</em>) food environment data. Personalized goals and behavior change processes are envisaged to no longer be based solely on static data but will adapt dynamically in-time and in-situ based on individual-specific data. To successfully integrate biomedical, behavioral, and environmental data for personalized dietary guidance, advanced digital tools (e.g., sensors) and artificial intelligence-based methods will be essential. In conclusion, the integration of both established and novel static and dynamic assessment paradigms holds great potential for transitioning PN from its current focus on elite nutrition to a widely accessible tool that delivers meaningful health benefits to the general population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100377"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143025825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in cancer-related malnutrition and cachexia: a transformative tool in clinical nutrition","authors":"Salvatore Carbone","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100447","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100447"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Growth Monitoring and Promotion as an Opportunity to Improve Early Childhood Development","authors":"Leila M Larson ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo ,&nbsp;Fahmida Akter ,&nbsp;Shelbie Wooten ,&nbsp;Rebecca L Brander ,&nbsp;Marie T Ruel ,&nbsp;Jef L Leroy","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100470","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100470","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Growth monitoring and promotion (GMP) visits provide a frequent contact point with caregivers, which can be an opportunity for the promotion of early child development (ECD). Using a combination of quantitative analyses of longitudinal and cross-sectional data and a review of the literature, we investigated whether the GMP platform could improve ECD by identifying children at risk of poor development and delivering responsive parenting education to caregivers of young children. Cross-sectional and lagged regression analyses and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that growth indices were not accurate predictors of concurrent and later child development. Rather, validated tools, such as the Ages and Stages Questionnaire or the Survey of Well-being of Young Children, could be utilized during GMP visits to screen individual children for suboptimal development. Through a review of published literature on ECD interventions, we identified 10 light-touch ECD interventions that could feasibly be implemented during GMP visits, but only half have been evaluated for their effectiveness. Our findings demonstrate that, although growth indices cannot accurately identify children at risk of suboptimal development, the GMP platform could offer an opportunity to screen children for suboptimal development and to deliver ECD interventions. Further evidence on the implementation and effectiveness of light-touch parenting programs, however, is required.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 100470"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multiomics Framework to Unlock the Relationships between Wine, Food, and Gut Health","authors":"Antoine Abrieux ,&nbsp;Mariana Barboza ,&nbsp;Kristin Hirahatake ,&nbsp;Hunter Jacobs ,&nbsp;Harold H Schmitz ,&nbsp;Sean H Adams ,&nbsp;Justin B Siegel","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100468","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100468","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wine has long been studied for its cardioprotective effects, exemplified by the French paradox—the observation of relatively lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates in the French population despite high dietary cholesterol and saturated fat intake, historically attributed to resveratrol and other bioactive factors from wine consumption. Recent findings suggest that the moderate consumption of wine could impact health well beyond CVD risk, including effects on intestinal physiology and gut microbial diversity and function. For example, wine contains a rich array of polyphenols, organic acids, and oligosaccharides, which may interact with the gut microbiota to alter microbial communities and to promote metabolism of wine-derived compounds into a diverse range of xenometabolites (microbe-produced metabolites) with local and systemic effects on the host. This interplay underscores the potential mechanisms by which moderate wine consumption impacts gut and systemic health. Furthermore, because wine is often consumed with meals, there is a critical need to understand how specific foods intersect with wine’s chemical complexity to influence physiology in the gut and body-wide. This review explores how advancements in multiomics technologies can be leveraged to characterize wine’s “dark matter” and to consider interactions of wine components with complex food matrices to influence gut health. This framework holds potential to enhance our understanding of how moderate consumption of wine influences health and to inform the development of functional food innovations derived from wine’s molecular components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 100468"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144369664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Implications of Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Supplementation on the Immune System during Cancer Chemotherapy: Perspectives from Current Clinical Evidence","authors":"Jaqueline Munhoz,&nbsp;Vera Mazurak,&nbsp;Catherine J Field","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100464","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100464","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) are omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) with pleiotropic effects on the immune system. Although several preclinical studies support their potential to enhance cancer treatment efficacy, this has not yet been translated into clinical studies. Currently, there are no official recommendations for n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during cancer chemotherapy. This review examined human studies that supplemented DHA and/or EPA in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, aiming to evaluate n-3 LCPUFAs effects on immune outcomes. A systematic search was conducted using electronic databases, including OvidMedline and the Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s Clinical Study Database. Twelve studies were included in this review. EPA+DHA doses ranged from 0.6 to 4 g/d, and intervention durations ranged from 6 wk to 6 mo. Most of the studies demonstrated changes in some immune-related outcomes, including reductions in the blood markers of inflammation (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein), a lower incidence of adverse events, and the preservation of immune cell concentrations and functions (phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production). However, caution is warranted due to the limited number of studies and the heterogeneity of study designs. This review discusses the limitations of current studies and the mechanistic evidence supporting the investigation and potential use of n-3 LCPUFAs during cancer chemotherapy. Future research should focus on addressing these limitations by conducting well-designed, large-scale clinical trials that clearly report the dose and duration of n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation during specific chemotherapy regimens. Despite some promising outcomes, more evidence will be needed before recommending n-3 LCPUFAs supplementation as part of chemotherapy regimens aimed at attenuating chemotherapy-induced immune alterations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 100464"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impacts of Food Fortification on Micronutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Women of Reproductive Age in Africa—A Narrative Review","authors":"Justine B Coomson,&nbsp;Nick W Smith,&nbsp;Warren McNabb","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More than two-thirds of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Africa are estimated to be micronutrient deficient. This is largely due to the widespread poor dietary quality and inadequate intakes of nutrient-dense foods to meet the heightened requirements for WRA. Food fortification is a cost-effective and highly recommended food-based approach for addressing these micronutrient deficiencies in low-income settings like Africa. The strategy has been implemented at different scales within the region for over 3 decades. We conducted a review to find evidence of the impact of food fortification implemented at various scales and across different population circumstances in Africa. We also sought to understand what factors may limit the impact of ongoing fortification programs on micronutrient status. We also explored findings regarding the knowledge and acceptability of fortified foods within the African population as a further barrier to the impact of food fortification on nutritional status. We found that fortification with iron and vitamin A was associated with the most variable impact from targeted and large-scale fortification programs. However, significant positive effects on nutritional status and serum biomarkers were found for food fortification with folate, iodine, and zinc among African women. Generally, fortified foods are acceptable to consumers; however, surveys assessing knowledge and preference for fortified foods found that WRA know little about food fortification and its benefits. Poor coverage of fortification, lower levels of fortificants than are recommended, and use of non-World Health Organization recommended fortificants limit the impact of food fortification on micronutrient intakes and status among WRA in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}