Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Targeting Cognitive Resilience through Prebiotics: A Focused Perspective","authors":"Boushra Dalile ,&nbsp;Neil B Boyle ,&nbsp;Franco T Ruiz ,&nbsp;Anirikh Chakrabarti ,&nbsp;Frederique Respondek ,&nbsp;Georgina F Dodd ,&nbsp;Kathrin Cohen Kadosh ,&nbsp;Piril Hepsomali ,&nbsp;Robert J Brummer ,&nbsp;Simon McArthur ,&nbsp;Veerle Dam ,&nbsp;Yoghatama Cindya Zanzer ,&nbsp;Yannick Vermeiren ,&nbsp;Harriet Schellekens","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This perspective article is a product of the work of an expert group within the Prebiotic Task Force convened by the International Life Sciences Institute Europe, a non-profit organization that brings together experts from academia, industry, and public service to catalyze nutrition science for public benefit. An expert group was conceived in October 2023 to discuss the evidence base on the use of prebiotics to promote cognitive functioning, with a focus on highlighting knowledge gaps and proposing a list of recommendations to guide this specific area of research forward. To address this, we evaluated existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses of human intervention studies that examine the effects of prebiotics on cognitive functioning. These are predominantly conducted in healthy participants under basal conditions and have, to date, revealed limited effects. In this perspective, we propose that prebiotics should be investigated as agents to promote cognitive resilience by testing their effects on cognitive performance under certain cognition-taxing factors that individuals encounter across their lifespan. These include stress, poor sleep outcomes, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy dietary patterns, all of which have been shown to be associated with altered microbiome and impact global cognition or specific cognitive domains. In addition, we recommend identifying vulnerable populations that are either subclinical or that struggle chronically or periodically with 1 or more cognition-taxing factors, to better uncover the boundary conditions for prebiotic effectiveness. By broadening the scope of research to include diverse populations and challenging conditions in daily life or experimental settings, we can expand our understanding of the role of prebiotics not only in cognitive health or impairment, but also as potential preventative agents that may promote cognitive resilience during aging and in response to various lifestyle-related challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 1","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generating the Best Available Science and Data to Inform Healthy Food Environment Policy","authors":"Ashley J Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100334","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100334","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100334"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carnitine","authors":"Xi Lin ,&nbsp;Sean H Adams ,&nbsp;Jerry Vockley ,&nbsp;Jack Odle","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100336","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100336"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Lean Body Mass and Fat-Free Mass the Same or Different Body Components? A Critical Perspective","authors":"Steven B Heymsfield ,&nbsp;Jasmine Brown ,&nbsp;Sophia Ramirez ,&nbsp;Carla M Prado ,&nbsp;Grant M Tinsley ,&nbsp;Maria Cristina Gonzalez","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2-component molecular-level model dividing body mass into fat and fat-free mass (FFM) is a cornerstone of contemporary body composition research across multiple disciplines. Confusion prevails, however, as the term lean body mass (LBM) is frequently used interchangeably with FFM in scientific discourse. Are LBM and FFM the same or different body components? Captain Albert R. Behnke originated the LBM concept in 1942 and he argued that his “physiological” LBM component included “essential” fat or structural lipids whereas FFM is a chemical entity “free” of fat. Classical experimental animal and human studies conducted during Behnke’s era laid the foundation for the widely used body density and total body water 2-component molecular-level body composition models. Refined body composition models, organization of lipids into structural and functional groupings, and lipid extraction methods all have advanced since Behnke’s era. Our review provides an in-depth analysis of these developments with the aim of clarifying distinctions between the chemical composition of LBM and FFM. Our retrospective analysis reveals that FFM, derived experimentally as the difference between body weight and extracted neutral or nonpolar lipids (mainly triglycerides), includes polar or structural lipids (that is, Behnke’s “essential” fat). Accordingly, LBM as originally proposed by Behnke has the same chemical composition as FFM, thus answering a longstanding ambiguity in the body composition literature. Bringing body composition science into the modern era mandates the use of the chemically correct term FFM with the elimination of the duplicative term LBM that today has value primarily in a historical context. Avoiding the use of the term LBM additionally limits confusion surrounding similar widely used body composition terms such as lean mass, lean soft tissue mass, and lean muscle mass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 12","pages":"Article 100335"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142606746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the Urgent Need for Clinical Nutrition Education in PostGraduate Medical Training: New Programs and Credentialing","authors":"Sundar Krishnan ,&nbsp;Trevor Sytsma ,&nbsp;Paul E Wischmeyer","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100321","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100321","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The importance of nutrition in the development of disease, and in the recovery from illness, is among the most fundamental tenets in human biology and optimal health. Nutrition was fundamental in many traditional forms of medicine until its role in medical care experienced a rapid decline over the last century. We believe a key cause of the decline in nutrition's essential role in healthcare and preventative medicine is the escalating crisis of inadequate nutrition education in medical training. Recent data show 75% of United States medical schools have no required clinical nutrition classes and only 14% of residency programs have a required nutrition curriculum. More troubling, only 14% of current healthcare providers feel comfortable discussing nutrition with their patients. The purpose of this paper is to present the evidence illustrating the distinct lack of nutrition education in medical training. Further, we present key examples of existing formal nutrition curricula to incorporate nutritional science into all healthcare providers’ education and practices. We discuss existing nutrition fellowships and training programs, including the new Duke Online Clinical Nutrition Fellowship. We also cover a physician nutrition certification allowing physicians to pursue clinical nutrition as a career path. Finally, recent financial incentives and quality measures incentivizing healthcare provider nutrition education is discussed. Thus, in conclusion, we advocate the inclusion of nutrition education curricula as a priority in medical schools, graduate medical education, and continuing medical education. Formal clinical nutrition training should be a requirement for hospital leadership and administrators for all Parenteral Nutrition and Nutrition Team Physician Directors in hospitals worldwide, and this key clinical role must become an essential position in all hospitals. In addition, we immediately need to address the critical shortage of physician nutrition specialists who will serve as the next generation of leaders in clinical nutrition care and research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 100321"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inequalities in Research on Food Environment Policies: An Evidence Map of Global Evidence from 2010-2020","authors":"Laurence Blanchard ,&nbsp;Stephanie Ray ,&nbsp;Cherry Law ,&nbsp;María Jesús Vega-Salas ,&nbsp;Harry Rutter ,&nbsp;Matt Egan ,&nbsp;Mark Petticrew ,&nbsp;Monique Potvin Kent ,&nbsp;Claire Bennett ,&nbsp;Patricia J Lucas ,&nbsp;Cécile Knai","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been increasing pressure to implement policies for promoting healthy food environments worldwide. We conducted an evidence map to critically explore the breadth and nature of primary research from 2010–2020 that evaluated the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, development, and implementation of mandatory and voluntary food environment policies. Fourteen databases and 2 websites were searched for “real-world” evaluations of international, national, and state level policies promoting healthy food environments. We documented the policy and evaluation characteristics, including the World Cancer Research Fund International NOURISHING framework’s policy categories and 10 equity characteristics using the PROGRESS-Plus framework. Data were synthesized using descriptive statistics and visuals. We screened 27,958 records, of which 482 were included. Although these covered 70 countries, 81% of publications focused on only 12 countries (United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, France, Spain, Denmark, New Zealand, and South Africa). Studies from these countries employed more robust quantitative methods and included most of the evaluations of policy development, implementation, and cost-effectiveness. Few publications reported on Africa (<em>n</em> = 12), Central and South Asia (<em>n</em> = 5), and the Middle East (<em>n</em> = 6) regions. Few also assessed public-private partnerships (PPPs, <em>n</em> = 31, 6%) compared to voluntary approaches by the private sector (<em>n</em> = 96, 20%), the public sector (<em>n</em> = 90, 19%), and mandatory approaches (<em>n</em> = 288, 60%). Most evaluations of PPPs reported on the same 2 partnerships. Only 50% of publications assessing policy effectiveness compared outcomes between population groups stratified by an equity characteristic, and this proportion has decreased over time. There are striking inequities in the origin, scope, and design of these studies, suggesting that research capacity and funding lies in the hands of a few expert teams worldwide. The small number of studies on PPPs questions the evidence base underlying the international push for PPPs to promote health. Policy evaluations should consider impacts on equity more consistently.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020170963.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 100306"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Fructooligosaccharides: From Breast Milk Components to Potential Supplements. A Systematic Review” [Adv Nutr 13 (2022) 318–327]","authors":"Valentina De Cosmi ,&nbsp;Alessandra Mazzocchi ,&nbsp;Carlo Agostoni ,&nbsp;Francesco Visioli","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100326","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100326","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 100326"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biomedical Applications and Nutritional Value of Specific Food-Derived Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels","authors":"Qianru Xiang ,&nbsp;Yuting Hao ,&nbsp;Zijun Xia ,&nbsp;Meiqi Liao ,&nbsp;Xinkai Rao ,&nbsp;Shenghui Lao ,&nbsp;Qi He ,&nbsp;Congshun Ma ,&nbsp;Wenzhen Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food-derived polysaccharide-based hydrogels (FPBHs), which are composed of polysaccharides derived from food sources exhibit great potential for biomedical applications. The FPBHs possess a wide range of biological activities and can be utilized in the treatment of various clinical diseases. However, the majority of research efforts have predominantly focused on nonspecific polysaccharides derived from various sources (most plants, animals, and microorganisms), whereas the exploration of hydrogels originating from specific polysaccharides with distinct bioactivity extracted from natural food sources remains limited. In this review, a comprehensive search was conducted across 3 major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline) until October 24, 2024 to include 32 studies that employed FPBHs for biomedical applications. This review provides an overview of hydrogels based on specific food-derived polysaccharides by summarizing their types, sources, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, and biological activities. The crosslinking strategies employed in the fabrication of FPBHs were demonstrated. The attributes and characteristics of FPBHs were delined, including their physical, chemical, and functional properties. Of particular note, the review highlights <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> studies exploring the biomedical applications of FPBHs and delve into the nutritional value of specific food-derived polysaccharides. The challenges encountered in basic research involving FPBHs were enumerated as well as limitation in their clinical practice. Finally, the potential market outlook for FPBHs in the future was also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 100309"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142333565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbohydrates","authors":"Joanne L Slavin ,&nbsp;Sarah K Engstrom","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100311","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142407270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Championing Mid-Career Success: New Initiatives and Enhanced Recognition Programs of the ASN and ASN Foundation","authors":"Sarah L Booth PhD (President)","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"15 11","pages":"Article 100323"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142653122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}