Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Adoption or Placement in Foster Care and Catch-up in Linear Growth and Development: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data","authors":"Jef L Leroy ,&nbsp;Moira Donahue Angel ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of children to recover from linear growth retardation, often referred to as catch-up growth, has intrigued researchers for many decades. Whether adoption from a low-income to a high-income setting, which provides a comprehensive improvement in the conditions that cause children to not grow well, leads to catch-up growth is unknown. We estimated the association of adoption (or placement in foster care) with catch-up in linear growth and child development before 5 y of age. We conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis using individual participant data for linear growth. We obtained study-specific and subgroup estimates and pooled the estimates using random-effects models. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the robustness of our findings. A review of child-development outcomes was conducted. We included 485 children under 5 y of age from 9 adoption studies. At baseline, children had a mean age of 15.8 mo and a length deficit of 3.9 cm. Adoption reduced this gap by 77% or 3.0 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9, 4.1 cm; mean age: 32.3 mo). Catch-up growth was found in both girls (3.6 cm; 95% CI: 2.9, 4.2 cm) and boys (2.5 cm; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.1 cm) and in children adopted after the age of 24 mo (2.2 cm; 95% CI: 0.6, 3.7 cm). The sensitivity analyses did not change any of the substantive findings. The magnitude of catch-up in child development (mean reduction in deficit of 46%) was smaller than that in linear growth. Catch-up in linear growth in children under 5 is biologically possible when the environment is improved profoundly and comprehensively. Partial reversal of the accumulated height deficit is more likely than recovery in developmental outcomes, which highlights the need to ensure all children grow and develop in environments that prevent deficits from occurring rather than trying to correct them.</div><div>This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022298715 (<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPEROFILES/298715_PROTOCOL_20220429.pdf</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Status as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis Infection","authors":"Norah Tabsh ,&nbsp;John P. Bilezikian","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D is a principal regulator of bone and mineral metabolism. Recent data have provided evidence that vitamin D is a polyfunctional hormone with actions that extend beyond its classical role as a nutrient for bone and mineral metabolism. These additional actions include its potential role to prevent infections and autoimmunity. This review will focus on the relationship between vitamin D and infections, specifically on tuberculosis (TB). The literature review was conducted on PubMed using the search terms “Vitamin D” and “Tuberculosis.” As one of the most resilient infectious microorganisms on the planet, TB remains a public health concern because of the emergence of resistant strains, the burden, and side effects of treatment. Vitamin D plays an important role in the innate immune system that is the first line of defense against TB infection. Although there appears to be pathophysiological interplay between vitamin D and TB, more research is necessary to determine with certainty the extent of this relationship. Social determinants of health including population density, income, poverty, public assistance, unemployment, and education also play a role in estimating the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the burden of TB. This review explores the interplay between vitamin D and TB through factors including the immune system and social determinants of health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of All-cause Mortality","authors":"Anindita Tasnim Onni ,&nbsp;Rajiv Balakrishna ,&nbsp;Matteo Perillo ,&nbsp;Marco Amato ,&nbsp;Elaheh Javadi Arjmand ,&nbsp;Lise M Thomassen ,&nbsp;Antonello Lorenzini ,&nbsp;Lars T Fadnes","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consumption of different food groups is linked to a range of health outcomes. It is essential to integrate the most reliable evidence regarding intake of different food groups and risk of mortality to optimize dietary guidance. Our aim is to systematically and comprehensively assess the associations between the consumption of various food groups and all-cause mortality. The food groups under consideration include edible grains (refined and whole grains), fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish and fish products, eggs, dairy products/milk, meat and meat products (including processed meat, unprocessed red and white meat), sugar-sweetened beverages, and added sugars. We present these associations with high compared with low consumption and per serving comparisons. We comprehensively and systematically reviewed a search in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos (PROSPERO: CRD42024498035), identifying 41 meta-analyses involving over a million participants, many of which showed significant heterogeneity. Of the 41 studies, 18 were rated high quality, 8 moderate quality, 5 low quality, and 10 critically low quality according to AMSTAR-2 assessments. Our findings revealed that higher consumption of nuts, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fish was associated with lower mortality rates, both in high compared with low comparisons and per serving analyses. Similarly, we observed favorable outcomes for legumes and white meat in high compared with low comparisons. Conversely, high intakes of red and processed meats, as well as sugar-sweetened beverages, were linked to higher all-cause mortality. Dairy products and refined grains did not show clear associations with mortality, whereas there was a tendency in all-cause mortality for high intakes of added sugars and eggs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehabilitation Strategies: Enhancing Surgical Resilience with a Focus on Nutritional Optimization and Multimodal Interventions","authors":"Suriyaraj Shanmugasundaram Prema ,&nbsp;Dhanraj Ganapathy ,&nbsp;Deepankumar Shanmugamprema","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100392","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100392","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Surgery imposes significant physiological and psychological stress, often leading to complications, delayed recovery, and prolonged hospital stays. Prehabilitation, a proactive strategy to optimize patients’ resilience before surgery, has emerged as a transformative approach in perioperative care. Nutritional prehabilitation specifically addresses metabolic dysregulation, muscle loss, and immune suppression caused by surgical stress. This review highlights the critical role of nutritional prehabilitation within a multimodal framework, integrating exercise, psychological support, and emerging technologies. Although some evidence supports the effectiveness of prehabilitation in enhancing functional outcomes and improvements in rates of complications and mortality, its implementation faces challenges such as resources, lack of standardized protocols, and variability across healthcare settings, highlighting the need for greater standardization. Physical training as part of prehabilitation also improves mood, fosters patient engagement, and instills a sense of control over the disease process. These psychosocial benefits, alongside enhanced patient-reported outcomes and qualitative measures, reflect the holistic value of prehabilitation. Emerging technologies, such as wearable devices and telemedicine, offer scalable and personalized solutions for delivering prehabilitation, particularly in resource-limited settings. Future research should prioritize refining protocols, exploring long-term outcomes, and addressing the unique needs of high-risk populations. By emphasizing a proactive approach to perioperative care, this review aims to highlight the potential of nutritional prehabilitation as a foundational component of multimodal strategies designed to optimize surgical resilience, empower patients, and transform surgical recovery into a proactive and patient-centered journey.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100392"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seafood and Neurocognitive Development in Children: A Systematic Review","authors":"Lauren E O’Connor,&nbsp;Maureen K Spill,&nbsp;Sanjoy Saha,&nbsp;Arin Balalian,&nbsp;Julie S Davis,&nbsp;Amanda J MacFarlane","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Seafood is a source of essential nutrients to support neurocognitive development of children and adolescents, but there are concerns about contaminant exposure. Assessing seafood as a food group, rather than a source of nutrients or contaminants, can inform future dietary guidance. This study aimed to update and assess relationships between seafood consumption during childhood and adolescence and neurocognitive development. Three electronic databases were searched until September 2024 to update a previous search from 2000 to 2019. Articles were included if associations were assessed between seafood intake during childhood and adolescence and neurocognitive development outcomes (cognitive development, social-emotional and behavioral development, movement/physical development, language/communication development, depression, anxiety, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and autism spectrum disorder). All articles were screened at title, abstract, and full-text levels by 2 independent analysts. Data were extracted by 1 analyst, quality checked by a second analyst, and synthesized narratively by 2 analysts independently, considering direction, magnitude, and statistical significance of results for each outcome; discrepancies were resolved via discussion. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-E and ROB 2.0. Certainty of evidence was assessed with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Eighteen articles from 5 short-term (12–16 wk) RCTs conducted in Northern Europe and 9 prospective cohort studies conducted in various countries were included. The evidence suggested a relationship between higher seafood consumption and improved cognitive development outcomes for children and adolescents aged 0–18 y old (GRADE: low). This conclusion was informed by 5 short-term RCTs in which children aged 10 mo to 15 y were provided fatty fish compared with meat, poultry, or fish oil supplements. These RCTs were largely supported by results from 5 longer-term prospective cohort studies. Evidence was inconsistent for social-emotional and behavioral development outcomes and was lacking for other outcomes. Seafood consumption within current recommended intake amounts consumed mainly as fatty fish likely improves cognitive development outcomes in children and adolescents.</div><div>This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42023432844.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100391"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Integrating the Nutritional Ecology into the Nutrition Care Continuum—A Conceptual and Systems Approach","authors":"Daniel J Raiten ,&nbsp;Alison L Steiber ,&nbsp;Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100385","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100385","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The domestic and global diet, nutrition, and health context is becoming increasingly complex. Our ability to effectively address the daunting challenges presented by malnutrition in all its forms—both clinically and from a public health perspective—is constrained by a number of issues that coalesce around our understanding of nutrition and the what, why, and how of its assessment. This complexity is further enhanced when screening, assessment, diagnosis, and care are often performed in different settings (hospital compared with school compared with home), across populations, and with a limited care team (e.g. certain care teams may only have a nurse or dietitian within a school district). In this perspective, we make the case that our ability to improve the precision of assessment, diagnosis, and intervention demands a view of nutrition as a biological variable: a complex system resulting from the interactions between our internal (biology, health status, developmental stage, genetics, etc.) and external (social determinants of health, home, community, physical) environments, i.e. a nutritional ecology. We offer both <em>1</em>) a conceptual framework for more effectively integrating nutrition in medical assessment and etiology-based care; and <em>2</em>) suggest solutions to overcome some of the systematic challenges in the clinical care continuum. Leveraging the concept of nutrition as a biological variable that emphasizes the integration of both internal and external variables into an assessment within the Nutrition Care Process model allows for both the identification of the nutrition problem and also the root cause (etiology) of the problem. Suggestions are offered for how to integrate this approach from both a clinical and public health perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100385"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global Burden of Iodine Deficiency: Insights and Projections to 2050 Using XGBoost and SHAP","authors":"Dan Liang ,&nbsp;Li Wang ,&nbsp;Panpan Zhong ,&nbsp;Jiuxiu Lin ,&nbsp;Leyan Chen ,&nbsp;Qifang Chen ,&nbsp;Shuang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhen Luo ,&nbsp;Changwen Ke ,&nbsp;Yingsi Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iodine deficiency (ID) poses a significant global public health challenge. This study aimed to analyze trends from 1990 to 2021 and project future patterns ≤2050 using the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model, with Shapley additive explanations (SHAP), to identify key factors and inform public health strategies. Data on ID from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study were used to model and predict its burden ≤2050 using XGBoost, with SHAP enhancing model interpretability. In 1990, global incident cases of ID were 7.51 million (age-standardized incidence rate [ASIR]: 126.11/100,000), rising to 8.08 million by 2021 (ASIR: 105.99/100,000, a 15.96% decrease), and projected to reach 8.48 million by 2050 (ASIR: 108.20/100,000). Prevalent cases increased from 146.42 million in 1990 (age-standardized prevalence rate [ASPR]: 2801.80/100,000) to 180.81 million in 2021 (ASPR: 2213.98/100,000, a 20.98% decrease), with 194.51 million expected by 2050 (ASPR: 1900.01/100,000). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) dropped from 2.46 million in 1990 (age-standardized disability-adjusted life year rate [ASDR]: 46.19/100,000) to 2.25 million in 2021 (ASDR: 27.67/100,000, a 40.10% decrease) but are projected to rise slightly to 2.51 million by 2050 (ASDR: 25.51/100,000). SHAP analysis identified iodized salt coverage as a key factor, with higher coverage levels associated with reduced ID burden in most countries. Women and people aged 10–30 y had higher incidence rates, although prevalence and DALYs peaked among those aged 20–45 y. Central and Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia will continue to bear the highest burden through 2050. The XGBoost+SHAP model identified age, sex, and iodized salt coverage as key factors, with women and younger populations being high-risk groups. Strengthening iodization programs, improving health care access, targeted education, and consistent monitoring of vulnerable populations are essential to mitigate future risks and improve health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100384"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143366872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond Traditional Body Composition Metrics: Load-Capacity Indices Emerge as Predictors of Cardiometabolic Outcomes—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zhongyang Guan ,&nbsp;Marianna Minnetti ,&nbsp;Steven B Heymsfield ,&nbsp;Eleonora Poggiogalle ,&nbsp;Carla M Prado ,&nbsp;Marc Sim ,&nbsp;Blossom CM Stephan ,&nbsp;Jonathan CK Wells ,&nbsp;Lorenzo M Donini ,&nbsp;Mario Siervo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100364","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100364","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adaptive and independent interrelationships between different body composition components have been identified as crucial determinants of disease risk. On the basis of this concept, the load-capacity model of body composition, which utilizes measurements obtained through nonanthropometric techniques such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, was proposed. This model is typically operationalized as the ratio of metabolic load (adipose mass) to metabolic capacity (lean mass). In recent years, a series of load-capacity indices (LCIs) have been utilized to identify abnormal body composition phenotypes such as sarcopenic obesity (SO) and to predict the risk of metabolic, cardiovascular, and cognitive disorders. In this review, we comprehensively review the characteristics of different LCIs used in previous studies, with a specific focus on their applications, especially in identifying SO and predicting cardiometabolic outcomes. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Two meta-analyses were conducted to <em>1</em>) estimate the overall prevalence of SO mapped by LCIs, and <em>2</em>) assess the association of LCIs with cardiometabolic outcomes. A total of 48 studies (all observational) were included, comprising 22 different LCIs. Ten studies were included in the meta-analysis of SO prevalence, yielding a pooled prevalence of 14.5% [95% confidence interval (CI): 9.4%, 21.6%]. Seventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis of the association between LCIs and adverse cardiometabolic outcomes, which showed a significant association between higher LCI values and increased risk (odds ratio = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.81, 2.72) of cardiometabolic diseases (e.g. diabetes and metabolic syndrome). These findings suggest that the load-capacity model of body composition could be particularly useful in the identification of SO cases and prediction of cardiometabolic risk. Future longitudinal studies are needed to validate the association of LCIs with chronic cardiometabolic and neurodegenerative diseases.</div><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024457750).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100364"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142933781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Optimal Dosage and Duration of ω-3 PUFA Supplementation in Heart Failure Management: Evidence from a Network Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ping-Tao Tseng ,&nbsp;Bing-Yan Zeng ,&nbsp;Chih-Wei Hsu ,&nbsp;Chih-Sung Liang ,&nbsp;Brendon Stubbs ,&nbsp;Yen-Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Tien-Yu Chen ,&nbsp;Wei-Te Lei ,&nbsp;Jiann-Jy Chen ,&nbsp;Yow-Ling Shiue ,&nbsp;Kuan-Pin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heart failure is a progressive condition associated with a high mortality rate. Despite advancements in treatment, many patients continue to experience less-than-ideal outcomes. ω-3 (n–3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been studied as a potential supplementary therapy for heart failure, but the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation remain unclear. This network meta-analysis (NMA) aimed to assess the efficacy of various n–3 PUFA supplementation regimens in patients with heart failure, focusing on dose-dependent and time-dependent effects. We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on n–3 PUFA supplementation in heart failure till 13 September, 2024. The primary outcome was the change in heart function, specifically left ventricular ejection fraction. Secondary outcomes included changes in peak oxygen consumption (VO₂), blood B-type natriuretic peptide concentrations, and quality of life. The safety analysis focused on dropout rates (i.e., patients leaving the study for any reason before completion) and all-cause mortality. A frequentist-based NMA was performed. This NMA, which included 14 RCTs with 9075 participants (mean age, 66.0 y; 23.3% female), found that high-dose n–3 PUFA supplementation (2000–4000 mg/d) over a duration of ≥1 y significantly improved left ventricular ejection fraction and peak VO₂ compared with those of control groups. Lower doses and shorter treatment periods did not produce the same benefits. No significant differences were found in dropout rates or all-cause mortality between the n–3 PUFAs and control groups. Long-term, high-dose n–3 PUFA supplementation, particularly with a predominance of docosahexaenoic acid or eicosapentaenoic acid, enhances cardiac function in patients with heart failure without increasing risk of adverse events. Further well-designed RCTs with long treatment durations (i.e., &gt;1 y) and stringent heart failure inclusion criteria are necessary to confirm these findings and reduce potential biases.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024590476.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100366"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142980934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut Microbiota: An Important Participant in Childhood Obesity","authors":"Yu Luo ,&nbsp;Maojun Li ,&nbsp;Dan Luo ,&nbsp;Binzhi Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100362","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100362","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Increasing prevalence of childhood obesity has emerged as a critical global public health concern. Recent studies have challenged the previous belief that obesity was solely a result of excessive caloric intake. Alterations in early-life gut microbiota can contribute to childhood obesity through their influence on nutrient absorption and metabolism, initiation of inflammatory responses, and regulation of gut–brain communication. The gut microbiota is increasingly acknowledged to play a crucial role in human health, as certain beneficial bacteria have been scientifically proven to possess the capacity to reduce body fat content and enhance intestinal barrier function and their metabolic products to exhibit anti-inflammatory effect. Examples of such microbes include bifidobacteria, <em>Akkermansia muciniphila</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus reuteri</em>. In contrast, an increase in Enterobacteriaceae and propionate-producing bacteria (Prevotellaceae and Veillonellaceae) has been implicated in the induction of low-grade systemic inflammation and disturbances in lipid metabolism, which can predispose individuals to obesity. Studies have demonstrated that modulating the gut microbiota through diet, lifestyle changes, prebiotics, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation may contribute to gut homeostasis and the management of obesity and its associated comorbidities. This review aimed to elucidate the impact of alterations in gut microbiota composition during early life on childhood obesity and explores the mechanisms by which gut microbiota contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity and specifically focused on recent advances in using short-chain fatty acids for regulating gut microbiota and ameliorating obesity. Additionally, it aimed to discuss the therapeutic strategies for childhood obesity from the perspective of gut microbiota, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation for interventions targeting pediatric obesity based on gut microbiota.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 2","pages":"Article 100362"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11786877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142904202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}