Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Impacts of Food Fortification on Micronutrient Intake and Nutritional Status of Women of Reproductive Age in Africa—A Narrative Review","authors":"Justine B Coomson,&nbsp;Nick W Smith,&nbsp;Warren McNabb","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>More than two-thirds of women of reproductive age (WRA) in Africa are estimated to be micronutrient deficient. This is largely due to the widespread poor dietary quality and inadequate intakes of nutrient-dense foods to meet the heightened requirements for WRA. Food fortification is a cost-effective and highly recommended food-based approach for addressing these micronutrient deficiencies in low-income settings like Africa. The strategy has been implemented at different scales within the region for over 3 decades. We conducted a review to find evidence of the impact of food fortification implemented at various scales and across different population circumstances in Africa. We also sought to understand what factors may limit the impact of ongoing fortification programs on micronutrient status. We also explored findings regarding the knowledge and acceptability of fortified foods within the African population as a further barrier to the impact of food fortification on nutritional status. We found that fortification with iron and vitamin A was associated with the most variable impact from targeted and large-scale fortification programs. However, significant positive effects on nutritional status and serum biomarkers were found for food fortification with folate, iodine, and zinc among African women. Generally, fortified foods are acceptable to consumers; however, surveys assessing knowledge and preference for fortified foods found that WRA know little about food fortification and its benefits. Poor coverage of fortification, lower levels of fortificants than are recommended, and use of non-World Health Organization recommended fortificants limit the impact of food fortification on micronutrient intakes and status among WRA in Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100463"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in Zinc Content in Preterm Human Milk May Depend on Your Definition of “Preterm”","authors":"Brian Stansfield,&nbsp;Amy Gates","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100435","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between Diet and Cognitive Function in Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis","authors":"Sasan Amanat ,&nbsp;Aimee L Dordevic ,&nbsp;Amy Brodtmann ,&nbsp;Barbara R Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poststroke cognitive decline is a major form of disability in stroke survivors. Although dietary interventions have shown potential in improving cognitive outcomes in stroke-free populations, their effects on stroke survivors remain unclear. This review aimed to evaluate associations between diet and cognitive function in stroke survivors. MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and CINHAL were searched for studies from inception to 16 December, 2024. Eligible articles were observational and interventional studies on adult stroke survivors that evaluated the association/effect of any nutritional exposure/intervention on cognitive performance and dementia risk. Studies were excluded when an intervention was combined with nonnutritional treatment. Random-effects meta-analysis was used for similar randomized clinical trials. This review included 20 clinical trials and 14 observational studies assessing the intake of energy and proteins and a variety of single nutrients, as well as dietary patterns, single foods, and phytochemicals. Meta-analyses revealed a positive effect of energy-protein supplementation on global cognition [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.62; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15, 1.08; <em>P</em> = 0.009], and a negative effect of B-vitamins (folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) (SMD: −0.40; 95% CI: −0.72, −0.08; <em>P</em> = 0.02). Adherence to the Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay and plant-based diets, as well as higher consumption of fruits, milk, coffee, vitamin E, and selenium, were related to better cognitive outcomes; no significant association was observed for adherence to DASH and Mediterranean diets and consumption of vitamins D and C. Butter and sugar intake and calcium supplementation were associated with negative cognitive outcomes. Mixed results were seen for omega (ω)-3, tea, and plant extracts. The available evidence indicates that energy-protein supplementation may benefit cognition after stroke, whereas B-vitamin supplementation has no effect. The substantial heterogeneity among studies hinders conclusions about other dietary strategies.</div><div>This review was registered with PROSPERO as CRD42024541785.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143998908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to B Stansfield","authors":"Alessandra Consales ,&nbsp;Carlo Agostoni ,&nbsp;Roberta Cazzola ,&nbsp;Roberta Ottria ,&nbsp;Maria Lorella Giannì","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100436","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate change induced atmospheric iodine enrichment – a paradoxically beneficial contribution","authors":"Peter PA Smyth ,&nbsp;Colin D O’Dowd","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100437","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100437","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 100437"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144043182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Maternal Adherence to the Effect of Multiple Micronutrient Supplementation During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-analysis","authors":"Emily R Smith ,&nbsp;Filomena Gomes ,&nbsp;Seth Adu-Afarwuah ,&nbsp;Victor M Aguayo ,&nbsp;Shams El Arifeen ,&nbsp;Zulfiqar A Bhutta ,&nbsp;Ellen C Caniglia ,&nbsp;Parul Christian ,&nbsp;Delanjathan Devakumar ,&nbsp;Kathryn G Dewey ,&nbsp;Wafaie W Fawzi ,&nbsp;Henrik Friis ,&nbsp;Exnevia Gomo ,&nbsp;Ousmane Guindo ,&nbsp;Lotta Hallamaa ,&nbsp;Sheila Isanaka ,&nbsp;Pernille Kæstel ,&nbsp;Carl Lachat ,&nbsp;Ken Maleta ,&nbsp;Sophie E Moore ,&nbsp;Christopher R Sudfeld","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) in pregnancy reduces risk of infant low birthweight (LBW) and improves other maternal and infant outcomes compared with iron and folic acid (IFA) supplements alone. However, the impact of timing of initiation and adherence on the MMS effectiveness in real-world programs remains unclear. To address this, we conducted a 2-stage individual participant data meta-analysis that included 15 randomized trials (61,204 pregnant women) and assessed whether the relative effect of MMS differed by the following: adherence alone; adherence in combination with gestational age at initiation; and the total number of tablets taken. We also evaluated the observational association of these factors with outcomes among participants who received MMS. Compared with IFA supplements, the relative effect of MMS on the primary outcome of continuous birthweight was greater with higher adherence (<em>P</em>-interaction &lt; 0.05). Among women who took ≥90% of supplements, MMS increased birthweight by 56 g (95% CI: 45, 67 g), whereas among women who took &lt;60% of supplements, there was no difference in birthweight between MMS and IFA supplements [mean difference (MD): 9 g; 95% CI: −17, 35 g). Higher adherence was also associated with greater effect of MMS on LBW and birthweight-for-gestational age centile and women who took more supplements experienced a greater relative impact of MMS on birthweight-for-gestational age centile and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) as compared with IFA supplements. Observational analyses among participants who received MMS showed that ≥90% adherence was associated with increased birthweight (MD: 44 g; 95% CI: 31, 56 g) and lower risk of LBW [relative risk (RR): 0.93 g; 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98 g] and small-for-gestational age (RR: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.93, 0.98), whereas &lt;75% adherence was associated with greater risk of stillbirth (RR: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.12, 1.83) and maternal anemia (RR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.43) than 75%–90% adherence. Programs should invest in strategies that promote early initiation and high adherence to MMS.</div><div>This trial was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022319207.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100455"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Using Weight and Length in Children under 24 mo to Screen for Early Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Review","authors":"Morgan Boncyk ,&nbsp;Jef L Leroy ,&nbsp;Rebecca L Brander ,&nbsp;Leila M Larson ,&nbsp;Marie T Ruel ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The global increase in early childhood overweight and obesity has prompted interest in early prediction of overweight and obesity to allow timely intervention and prevent lifelong consequences. A systematic review was conducted to assess the accuracy and feasibility of predicting overweight and obesity in individual children aged 3–7 y using data available in healthcare and community settings on children aged under 24 mo. This review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024509603) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. From 7943 unique articles identified through PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria, 13 from high-income countries and 1 from a middle-income country. These studies evaluated the accuracy of predicting childhood overweight or obesity in individual children using anthropometrics-alone or multiple-predictor models. Anthropometrics-alone models yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) ≥ 0.56 with expert guidance and ≥0.77 with machine learning. Multiple-predictor models yielded AUC ≥ 0.68 with expert guidance and ≥0.76 with machine learning. The inclusion of child, parental, and community predictors improved predictive accuracy but led to greater variation in performance across models. Models were more accurate when children were older at the initial assessment, multiple assessments were made, and the time between assessment and outcome prediction was shorter. Prediction models with an AUC ≥ 0.70 used machine learning to optimize variable selection, limiting their practicality for broad-scale implementation in healthcare or community settings. There is insufficient evidence on the accuracy of overweight and obesity prediction models for children in low- and middle-income countries. Existing prediction models are not well-suited for broad-scale screening of individual children for risk of early childhood overweight or obesity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100452"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mediterranean Diet, Semen Quality, and Medically Assisted Reproductive Outcomes in the Male Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Rashmi Agarwal ,&nbsp;Jordi Salas-Salvadó ,&nbsp;Estefanía Davila-Cordova ,&nbsp;Sangeetha Shyam ,&nbsp;María Fernández de la Puente ,&nbsp;Maite Pérez Azurmendi ,&nbsp;Nancy Babio ,&nbsp;Albert Salas-Huetos","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental pollution, sedentary lifestyles, and unhealthy dietary patterns have been hypothesized as the main modifiable factors of human semen quality decline. The study aimed to assess the associations between an a priori-defined Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) adherence and semen quality parameters or medically assisted reproductive (MAR) outcomes in males. A systematic review was conducted with studies from PubMed, Embase, or Scopus databases until October 2024. A priori-defined MedDiet adherence was considered as exposure and conventional semen quality parameters as the primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes included MAR outcomes, reproductive hormone concentrations, and sperm DNA fragmentation. A quality assessment was performed using the NHLBI tool. Meta-analysis was conducted following Cochrane guidelines. A subgroup analysis was done for healthy participants and those from fertility clinics separately. A sensitivity analysis was performed to check the influential studies. A qualitative analysis was performed on 11 eligible articles (<em>n</em> = 2558 individuals). Data from 9 observational studies showed a positive association between the adherence to MedDiet and semen volume (1/9), sperm concentration (5/9 studies), count (5/9), total motility (5/9), progressive motility (4/9), vitality (1/9), normal morphology (2/9), or follicular stimulating hormone (1/9). Among these, the links between MedDiet adherence and MAR outcomes were prospectively explored only in 1 study, which reported no association. A total of 8 studies were eligible for meta-analysis (<em>n</em> = 1835 individuals). Total MedDiet adherence showed a significant positive association with sperm count (24.37 M spz.; 1.30–47.44; <em>I</em>² = 89%), total motility (8.81%; 2.26–15.37; <em>I</em>² = 88%), progressive motility (7.49%; 1.47–13.50; <em>I</em>² = 86%), and normal morphology (1.02%; 0.21–1.82; <em>I</em>² = 77%). Evidence from 2 randomized clinical trial evaluating the effect of MedDiet on semen parameters aligns with the primary results. Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials shows potential benefit of adhering to a MedDiet in terms of seminal quality parameters, but not fertility outcomes.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024584003.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 8","pages":"Article 100454"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144152933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling Spinal Cord Injury Nutrition: Effects of Diet on the Host and Microbiome","authors":"ZeHui Li ,&nbsp;XiaoXin Wang ,&nbsp;HuaYong Du ,&nbsp;WuBo Liu ,&nbsp;ChunJia Zhang ,&nbsp;Zuliyaer Talifu ,&nbsp;Xin Xu ,&nbsp;Yunzhu Pan ,&nbsp;JinMing Zhang ,&nbsp;Han Ke ,&nbsp;DeGang Yang ,&nbsp;Feng Gao ,&nbsp;Yan Yu ,&nbsp;YingLi Jing ,&nbsp;JianJun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to severe neurological dysfunction with significant nutritional alterations. These alterations are closely associated with gut dysbiosis and neurogenic gut dysfunction after SCI, creating complex interactions that further exacerbate metabolic disturbances and impede neurological recovery. In the context of SCI, diet not only fulfills basic nutritional needs but also serves as an important therapeutic tool to modulate these interactions. This review provides a broad overview of existing research findings, analyzes the impact of existing dietary interventions on SCI, and attempts to clarify the complex relationship between diet and host and gut microbiota. We hope to provide a clear direction for future research and a scientific basis for the development of personalized dietary interventions to improve the nutritional status of patients with SCI, reduce the incidence of complications such as metabolic disorders, and promote the recovery of neurological function and overall quality of life of patients with SCI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100448"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Aspartame on Glucose, Insulin, and Appetite-Regulating Hormone Responses in Humans: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses","authors":"Lucy R Boxall,&nbsp;Fatemeh Eskandari,&nbsp;Julie Wallis,&nbsp;Aleksandra D Bielat,&nbsp;Katherine M Appleton","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100449","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100449","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aspartame (L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester) has been implicated in increased risk of several chronic health conditions, yet underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of this work was to systematically identify and summarize all controlled intervention studies investigating the effects of aspartame consumption on glucose, insulin, and appetite-related hormone responses. Five academic databases, 4 trial registries, and additional resources were searched until June 2024. Search hits were screened, in duplicate, for intervention studies of aspartame compared with comparator, which assessed glucose, insulin, and/or any other appetite-regulating hormone. Results were tabulated, and meta-analyses run where ≥10 studies with similar methodology were found. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using RoB-2. Certainty of the evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation. One hundred one articles were identified, detailing 100 experiments: 79 acute (≤1 d), 8 medium term (2–30 d), and 13 long term (&gt;30 d). Experiments involved healthy adults, individuals with aspartame sensitivity, and individuals with compromised glucose metabolism, varied widely in aspartame provision and comparator/s, and although almost all assessed glucose and/or insulin responses, few experiments investigated other appetite-regulating hormones. Meta-analyses (acute cross-over studies) revealed few effects of aspartame on blood glucose/insulin compared with vehicle or low-calorie sweeteners (LCS), and lower blood glucose/insulin concentrations compared with sugars, other carbohydrates, or other nutritive elements. Over the medium term and longterm, few effects of aspartame were found, and high heterogeneity between studies remained. Similar effects were found in other populations, and other outcomes, with few adverse events. RoB assessments suggested “some concerns” for the majority of studies. The certainty of the evidence for all outcomes in all populations was judged to be “very low.” Our findings suggest little to no effects of aspartame consumption on glucose metabolism over the short term or the long term. Further studies over the long term, assessing a range of appetite-regulating hormones and comparing aspartame with other LCS, would be of value.</div><div>This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42024540781 on April 29, 2024.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 7","pages":"Article 100449"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}