Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Galacto-Oligosaccharides and the Elderly Gut: Implications for Immune Restoration and Health","authors":"Yunan Hu ,&nbsp;Mashael R Aljumaah ,&nbsp;Maria Andrea Azcarate-Peril","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100263","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100263","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The increasing prevalence of noncommunicable diseases in the aging population has been correlated with a decline in innate and adaptive immune responses; hence, it is imperative to identify approaches to improve immune function, prevent related disorders, and reduce or treat age-associated health complications. Prebiotic supplementation is a promising approach to modulate the gut microbiome and immune system, offering a potential strategy to maintain the integrity of immune function in older individuals. This review summarizes the current research on prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) immunomodulatory mechanisms mediated by bacterial-derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and secondary bile acids, to maintain immune homeostasis. The potential applications of GOS as immunotherapy for age-related disease prevention in older individuals are also highlighted. This aligns with the global shift toward proactive healthcare and emphasizes the significance of early intervention in directing an individual’s health trajectory.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000978/pdfft?md5=bb6899759e164ad77f63dac93715729c&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000978-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Time-Restricted Eating Combined with Exercise on Body Composition and Metabolic Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100262","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Time-restricted eating (TRE) is increasingly popular, but its benefits in combination with exercise still need to be determined.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TRE combined with exercise compared with control diet with exercise in improving the body composition and metabolic health of adults.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Five electronic databases were searched for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effect of TRE combined with exercise on body composition and metabolic health in adults were included. All results in the meta-analysis are reported as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Study quality was assessed using the revised Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>In total, 19 RCTs comprising 568 participants were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. TRE combined with exercise likely reduced the participants’ body mass (MD: −1.86 kg; 95% CI: −2.75, −0.97 kg) and fat mass (MD: −1.52 kg; 95% CI: −2.07, −0.97 kg) when compared with the control diet with exercise. In terms of metabolic health, the TRE combined with exercise group likely reduced triglycerides (MD: −13.38 mg/dL, 95% CI: −21.22, −5.54 mg/dL) and may result in a reduction in low-density lipoprotein (MD: −8.52 mg/dL; 95% CI: −11.72, −5.33 mg/dL) and a large reduction in leptin (MD: −0.67 ng/mL; 95% CI: −1.02, −0.33 ng/mL). However, TRE plus exercise exhibited no additional benefit on the glucose profile, including fasting glucose and insulin, and other lipid profiles, including total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein concentrations, compared with the control group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Combining TRE with exercise may be more effective in reducing body weight and fat mass and improving lipid profile than control diet with exercise. Implementing this approach may benefit individuals aiming to achieve weight loss and enhance their metabolic well-being.</p><p>This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42022353834.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000966/pdfft?md5=95e497a9aa7de04092f4c3fdf9619089&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000966-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141428388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Policies to Limit Food Marketing and Competitive Food Sales in Schools: A Global Scoping Review","authors":"Michelle Perry ,&nbsp;Kayla Mardin ,&nbsp;Grace Chamberlin ,&nbsp;Emily A Busey ,&nbsp;Lindsey Smith Taillie ,&nbsp;Francesca R Dillman Carpentier ,&nbsp;Barry M Popkin","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100254","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100254","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>School food environments contribute to children’s nutritional intake and overall health. As such, the World Health Organization and other public health organizations encourage policies that restrict children’s access and exposure to foods and beverages that do not build health in and around schools. This global scoping review explores the presence and characteristics of policies that restrict competitive food sales and marketing for unhealthy foods across 193 countries using evidence from policy databases, gray literature, peer-reviewed literature, and primary policy documents. Policies were included if they were nationally mandated and regulated marketing and/or competitive foods in the school environments. Worldwide, only 28% of countries were found to have any national-level policy restricting food marketing or competitive food sales in schools: 16% of countries restrict marketing, 25% restrict competitive foods, and 12% restrict both. Over half of policies were found in high-income countries. No low-income countries had either policy type. Eight marketing policies (27%) and 14 competitive foods policies (29%) lacked explicit guidelines for either policy monitoring or enforcement. Future research is needed to assess the prevalence of policies aimed at improving other key aspects of the school food environment, such as dietary quality of school meals or food procurement, as well as assess the implementation and efficacy of existing policies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000887/pdfft?md5=bb28a07d3e146196ef84265bb9ece36f&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000887-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Extent, Range, and Nature of Quantitative Nutrition Research Engaging with Intersectional Inequalities: A Systematic Scoping Review","authors":"Emily Fivian ,&nbsp;Helen Harris-Fry ,&nbsp;Claudia Offner ,&nbsp;Michele Zaman ,&nbsp;Bhavani Shankar ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Allen ,&nbsp;Suneetha Kadiyala","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Addressing malnutrition for all requires understanding inequalities in nutrition outcomes and how they intersect. Intersectionality is increasingly used as a theoretical tool for understanding how social characteristics intersect to shape inequalities in health outcomes. However, little is known about the extent, range, and nature of quantitative nutrition research engaging with intersectional inequalities. This systematic scoping review aimed to address this gap. Between 15 May 2021 and 15 May 2022, we searched 8 databases. Studies eligible for inclusion used any quantitative research methodology and aimed to investigate how social characteristics intersect to influence nutrition outcomes. In total, 55 studies were included, with 85% published since 2015. Studies spanned populations in 14 countries but were concentrated in the United States (<em>n</em> = 35) and India (<em>n</em> = 7), with just 1 in a low-income country (Mozambique). Race or ethnicity and gender were most commonly intersected (<em>n</em> = 20), and body mass index and overweight and/or obesity were the most common outcomes. No studies investigated indicators of infant and young child feeding or micronutrient status. Study designs were mostly cross-sectional (80%); no mixed-method or interventional research was identified. Regression with interaction terms was the most prevalent method (<em>n</em> = 26); 2 of 15 studies using nonlinear models took extra steps to assess interaction on the additive scale, as recommended for understanding intersectionality and assessing public health impacts. Nine studies investigated mechanisms that may explain why intersectional inequalities in nutrition outcomes exist, but intervention-relevant interpretations were mostly limited. We conclude that quantitative nutrition research engaging with intersectionality is gaining traction but is mostly limited to the United States and India. Future research must consider the intersectionality of a wider spectrum of public health nutrition challenges across diverse settings and use more robust and mixed-method research to identify specific interventions for addressing intersectional inequalities in nutrition outcomes. Data systems in nutrition must improve to facilitate this.</p><p>This review was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021253339.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000711/pdfft?md5=8b4d860f5d7bb67e716a623cc3f50177&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000711-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140860761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing Nutrition in Medical Education—the Time Has Come","authors":"Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000656/pdfft?md5=bce6b8e46d4d340acbc505ad1ae31ba3&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000656-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140923424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Feature: Student and Trainee-Focused Podcast Interviews with Article Authors","authors":"Steven A Abrams","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100234","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000681/pdfft?md5=9f7224409d002b980391ba3a48784e48&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000681-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141034659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Probiotics on Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota Across Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Pandi He ,&nbsp;Leilei Yu ,&nbsp;Fengwei Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Hao Zhang ,&nbsp;Qixiao Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microbiota in early life is closely associated with the health of infants, especially premature ones. Probiotics are important drivers of gut microbiota development in preterm infants; however, there is no consensus regarding the characteristics of specific microbiota in preterm infants receiving probiotics. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 5 microbiome data sets (1816 stool samples from 706 preterm infants) to compare the gut microbiota of preterm infants exposed to probiotics with that of preterm infants not exposed to probiotics across populations. Despite study-specific variations, we found consistent differences in gut microbial composition and predicted functional pathways between the control and probiotic groups across different cohorts of preterm infants. The enrichment of <em>Acinetobacter</em>, <em>Bifidobacterium</em>, and <em>Lactobacillus</em> spp and the depletion of the potentially pathogenic bacteria <em>Finegoldia</em>, <em>Veillonella</em>, and <em>Klebsiella</em> spp. were the most consistent changes in the gut microbiota of preterm infants supplemented with probiotics. Probiotics drove microbiome transition into multiple preterm gut community types, and notably, preterm gut community type 3 had the highest α-diversity, with enrichment of <em>Bifidobacterium</em> and <em>Bacteroides</em> spp. At the functional level, the major predicted microbial pathways involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis consistently increased in preterm infants supplemented with probiotics; in contrast, the crucial pathways associated with heme biosynthesis consistently decreased. Interestingly, <em>Bifidobacterium</em> sp. rather than <em>Lactobacillus</em> sp. gradually became dominant in gut microbiota of preterm infants using mixed probiotics, although both probiotic strains were administered at the same dosage. Taken together, our meta-analysis suggests that probiotics contribute to reshaping the microbial ecosystem of preterm infants at both the taxonomic and functional levels of the bacterial community. More standardized and relevant studies may contribute to better understanding the crosstalk among probiotics, the gut microbiota, and subsequent disease risk, which could help to give timely nutritional feeding guidance to preterm infants.</p><p>This systematic review and meta-analysis was registered at PROSPERO (<span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/</span><svg><path></path></svg>) as CRD42023447901.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S216183132400067X/pdfft?md5=b247205ce5c4e0bc57a4c5d8ec9461db&pid=1-s2.0-S216183132400067X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141140193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time to Step-Up Our Game Concerning Nutrient Analysis of Pasteurized Donor Human Milk?","authors":"Deborah L O’Connor","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100242","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000760/pdfft?md5=591295af5d82ae648a3de5f3f7758396&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000760-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Holder Pasteurization and Preanalytical Handling Techniques on Fat Concentration in Donor Human Milk: A Scoping Review","authors":"Autumn Davis,&nbsp;Maryanne T Perrin","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Donor human milk (DHM) is an essential source of nutrition among high-risk infants (e.g., premature and low-birth weight). Holder pasteurization, a common step in DHM processing, is known to partially alter the composition of DHM; however, the impact on fat composition is historically inconsistent.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>This scoping review aimed to broadly review the literature on the impact of Holder pasteurization on the fat content in DHM, with a focus on preanalytical sample mixing.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search of original, peer-reviewed research articles was conducted on 11 July, 2022. Articles were included if they compared matched raw (control) and Holder-pasteurized human milk samples and measured total lipids, cholesterol, and individual classes of fatty acids. Article review and selection was conducted by 2 independent reviewers.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The search yielded 26 original, peer-reviewed research articles published between 1978 and 2022. Overall methodology varied considerably between studies. When study methods described any mixing for collecting raw milk, 1 (17%) of the 6 of studies reported a small change in total fat concentration following pasteurization (&lt;5%). Alternatively, among studies that did not describe methods for mixing raw milk to ensure a representative sample, 10 (56%) of the 18 reported a significant change (≥± 5%) in total fat concentration, with changes ranging from −28.6% to +19.4%.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This review suggests that inconsistent findings regarding the impact of Holder pasteurization on fat may be related to study methodologies, particularly preanalytical sample mixing. More research considering the role of preanalytical handling procedures and methodologies is necessary to help clarify the impact of Holder pasteurization on human milk composition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000632/pdfft?md5=35fe0c8acfb8300ffe5dc707d00f7298&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000632-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141434781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revolutionizing Neonatal Nutrition: Rethinking Definitions and Standards for Optimal Care","authors":"Ariel A Salas","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100235","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831324000693/pdfft?md5=ef7f3cdd31cc22123ed64d3b6c9f3f28&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831324000693-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140863851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}