Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100673
Kristie L Ebi, Nancy F Krebs, Alexandra L Bellows, Kartik Shankar, Andrew Y Chang, Ronald Kleinman, Daniel J Raiten
{"title":"Intersection of Climate and Environmental Change and Priority Health Outcomes Across the Life Course: Working Group 1 Report from the “Agriculture and Diet: Value Added for Nutrition, Translation, and Adaptation in a Global Ecology” (ADVANTAGE) Project","authors":"Kristie L Ebi, Nancy F Krebs, Alexandra L Bellows, Kartik Shankar, Andrew Y Chang, Ronald Kleinman, Daniel J Raiten","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ecological approach examining multiple factors, internal (e.g., genetics and concurrent health status) and external (social determinants of diet/nutrition and physical environment), is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between climate and environmental change (CEC), nutrition, and health. We present evidence on the intersection of CEC and priority health outcomes across the life course. We include examples of observed impacts and future risks of exposure to weather variables (e.g., heat stress, humidity, and air quality) on health outcomes over the life course for particularly vulnerable groups relative to specific physiologic functions. For each life stage, we identify links between climate-related risks, undernutrition and overnutrition, micronutrient status, and health outcomes. From this review, we propose key knowledge gaps and research priorities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 7","pages":"Article 100673"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148229535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-07-02DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100663
Sara Santero, Bojana D Blagojević, Mohammed Merzah, José Antonio Celada Guerrero, Hellas Cena, José Maria Ordovas, Lidia Daimiel Ruiz
{"title":"Intermittent Fasting and Fat-Free Mass Outcomes in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Scoping Review","authors":"Sara Santero, Bojana D Blagojević, Mohammed Merzah, José Antonio Celada Guerrero, Hellas Cena, José Maria Ordovas, Lidia Daimiel Ruiz","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100663","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100663","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intermittent fasting (IF) has gained popularity as a weight-loss strategy. Because muscle mass naturally declines with age, concerns arise about effects on fat-free mass (FFM) in aging populations. The objective of this review was to explore the current evidence on the effects of IF on: <em>1</em>) FFM in middle-aged and older adults, compared with habitual diet (HD) or continuous energy restriction (CER); and <em>2</em>) other anthropometric outcomes, functional performance, and quality of life. Three databases were searched, supplemented with snowballing and the <span><span>clinicaltrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> registry. Eligible studies (2000–2025) were randomized controlled trial (RCTs) in adults ≥45 y, with IF lasting ≥4 wk, reporting FFM using validated methods, and excluding participants with disease-related muscle loss. Twenty RCTs (1653 participants; 64% females), primarily involving adults with overweight/obesity, were included. Over the intervention durations studied (commonly ≤12 wk), between-group differences in total FFM were generally small. Findings showed that IF produced reductions in fat mass (FM), body weight (BW), and waist circumference that were comparable with those observed with CER. Reductions in BW and FM were more consistently reported in IF compared with HD. Alternate-day fasting and alternate-day modified fasting were commonly studied and frequently associated with BW and FM reductions, particularly compared with HD. Evidence regarding insulin-related outcomes, dietary protein intake, and combined IF and physical activity interventions was limited and heterogeneous. Functional and quality of life outcomes were rarely assessed. Most studies measured total FFM or lean mass using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry or bioelectrical impedance analysis; thus, it may not reflect skeletal muscle changes. Collectively, the current evidence does not permit definitive conclusions regarding the impact of IF on FFM preservation, especially in the long-term, in older populations. The findings highlight substantial gaps in study duration and methodological standardization. Longer-term, high-quality trials incorporating standardized muscle health and functional outcomes are needed to clarify the role of IF in strategies for healthy aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 7","pages":"Article 100663"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148474257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-01DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100666
Ruixin Zhu, Langrun Wang, Huiyu Chen, Jiale Ren, Ran Wang, Yifan Gong, Yiran Guan, Qingbo Wang, Meng Liu, Zhihu Xu, Liwei Zhang, Peng An, Jie Guo, Xueqin He, Miao Xie, Keji Li, J Alfredo Martinez, Anne Raben, Jennie Brand-Miller, Fazheng Ren, Jingjing He
{"title":"The Health and Environmental Impacts, Safety, and Affordability of the EAT-Lancet Planetary Health Diet: A Multidisciplinary Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ruixin Zhu, Langrun Wang, Huiyu Chen, Jiale Ren, Ran Wang, Yifan Gong, Yiran Guan, Qingbo Wang, Meng Liu, Zhihu Xu, Liwei Zhang, Peng An, Jie Guo, Xueqin He, Miao Xie, Keji Li, J Alfredo Martinez, Anne Raben, Jennie Brand-Miller, Fazheng Ren, Jingjing He","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100666","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100666","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In 2019, the EAT-Lancet Commission proposed transition to the planetary health diet, whereas the health and environmental benefits, safety, and affordability of the diet have recently been challenged. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to provide a quantitative summary of the EAT-Lancet diet and population health and environmental sustainability; and to review safety (nutrient deficiencies) and affordability of the diet. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> from 1 January 2019 to 19 June 2025 for quantitative studies. Of the eligible studies, epidemiological studies on population health or environmental sustainability were further used for meta-analysis. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool. A total of 227 studies were included in the systematic review and 79 of them were used for the meta-analysis. Most prospective cohort studies and half the cross-sectional studies were of high quality. The EAT-Lancet diet was associated with lower risks of all-cause mortality [pooled hazard ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76, 0.85; <em>n</em> = 17, 1,063,289 participants], cardiovascular disease (0.83, 95% CI: 0.74, 0.94; <em>n</em> = 10, 1,027,822 participants), and type 2 diabetes, but not risks of all cancers or dementia. The EAT-Lancet diet was associated with a reduction of 1.55 (0.22, 2.89) kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq/d/person of greenhouse gas emission (<em>n</em> = 12, 882,673 participants), whereas no strong evidence supported the benefits to water or land use. On a global average, the EAT-Lancet diet would induce deficiencies in vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, calcium, iron, and zinc in adults, especially in pregnant women. Globally, 1.6–3.0 billion people were not able to afford the diet. In conclusion, adoption of the EAT-Lancet diet may modestly reduce global chronic disease and environmental burden, whereas nutrient deficiencies and economic inequality across regions should be addressed before dietary transition.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration number</h3><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42024540867 (URL of registration: <span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024540867</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 7","pages":"Article 100666"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148145567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100682
Silia Ayadi, Julio Buñay, Chloé Gressein, Laly Pucheu, Ben Allal, Philippe de Médina, Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Marc Poirot
{"title":"Dairy Processing and Breast Cancer: A Hypothesis-Generating Framework Linking Bioactive Lipid Derivatives to Epidemiological Heterogeneity","authors":"Silia Ayadi, Julio Buñay, Chloé Gressein, Laly Pucheu, Ben Allal, Philippe de Médina, Sandrine Silvente-Poirot, Marc Poirot","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The relationship between dairy consumption and breast cancer risk remains complex and heterogeneous, with epidemiological studies reporting divergent associations depending on the type of dairy product and its degree of processing. Although nutritional composition has traditionally been considered the main explanatory factor, emerging evidence suggests that technological processing may also influence the biological properties of dairy foods. In this narrative review, we propose a hypothesis-generating framework that integrates epidemiological findings with experimental data on lipid oxidation and sterol-derived metabolites produced during dairy processing. In particular, cholesterol oxidation products and other bioactive lipid derivatives have been shown in experimental models to modulate pathways involved in inflammation, oxidative stress, and hormone signaling. However, direct evidence linking dietary exposure to these compounds and breast cancer risk in humans remains limited. Recent research highlights that food processing may generate a wide range of bioactive molecules beyond conventional nutrients, some of which may act at low concentrations and influence key regulatory pathways. These include both potentially deleterious and protective sterol-derived metabolites, whose balance may be affected by technological processing. Identifying such compounds, quantifying their dietary exposure, and understanding their biological effects represent important challenges for future research. Although current evidence remains insufficient to establish causal relationships, this framework supports the hypothesis that processing-related molecular changes may contribute to the heterogeneity observed in epidemiological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 7","pages":"Article 100682"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100681
Lulu X Pei, Colleen C Farrell, Stella C Mlewa, Cassandra Sauer, Kristija Sejane, Nathalie V Kirby, James McKendry, Christopher Charles, Jordie AJ Fischer, Tim J Green, Hou Kroeun, Jan Makurat, Aviva I Rappaport, Kyly C Whitfield, Frank T Wieringa, Allison I Daniel, Crystal D Karakochuk
{"title":"Assessing the Discriminatory Ability of Hemoglobin Concentration to Predict Iron Stores in Cambodian Females: A Systematic Review and Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis","authors":"Lulu X Pei, Colleen C Farrell, Stella C Mlewa, Cassandra Sauer, Kristija Sejane, Nathalie V Kirby, James McKendry, Christopher Charles, Jordie AJ Fischer, Tim J Green, Hou Kroeun, Jan Makurat, Aviva I Rappaport, Kyly C Whitfield, Frank T Wieringa, Allison I Daniel, Crystal D Karakochuk","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100681","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100681","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hemoglobin concentration is commonly used as a screening tool to guide iron interventions because it can be measured more quickly and easily using point-of-care devices than other, more direct measures of iron status (e.g., ferritin). However, anemia is not always caused by iron deficiency. Therefore, we aimed to assess the discriminatory ability of hemoglobin concentration to predict iron stores in Cambodian females of reproductive age, a population where iron deficiency prevalence is low and genetic hemoglobinopathies are common. We conducted a systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis that included 26 studies reporting on 11 databases (including <em>n</em> = 3497 females with available and eligible IPD that included hemoglobin, ferritin, and ≥1 inflammation biomarker measured in the same individual at the same time point). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses were conducted to measure the area under the curve (AUC) and the 95% confidence interval (CI), representing the discriminatory ability of hemoglobin concentration to distinguish between individuals with or without iron deficiency (inflammation-adjusted ferritin <15 μg/L for nonpregnant females; unadjusted ferritin <30 μg/L for pregnant females). Random-effects models were used to estimate pooled effect sizes and 95% CIs. The pooled AUC value (95% CI) for nonpregnant females (9 studies; <em>n</em> = 3377) displayed “fair” discriminatory ability [0.77 (0.74, 0.79)] with high certainty evidence, and for pregnant females (2 studies; <em>n</em> = 120) displayed “poor” discriminatory ability [0.57 (0.47, 0.68)] with low certainty evidence. We conclude that hemoglobin is a “fair” predictor of iron status in nonpregnant Cambodian females; thus, it should be used with caution in guiding interventions such as blanket iron supplementation programs. More research is needed to understand if hemoglobin is an acceptable screening biomarker to guide interventions or justify higher doses of supplemental iron during pregnancy. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42024578023).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 7","pages":"Article 100681"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-05-08DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100646
Mirella L Meyer-Ficca , Claudia CS Chini
{"title":"Nutrition Information Briefs – Niacin","authors":"Mirella L Meyer-Ficca , Claudia CS Chini","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100646","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 6","pages":"Article 100646"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147870818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100623
Janet A Novotny, Johanna Dwyer, Mario G Ferruzzi, Bill Gurley, Tasija Karosas, Colin D Kay, Esther Myers, Andrew Shao, Connie M Weaver
{"title":"A Framework for Developing Intake and Use Guidance for Dietary Supplement Bioactives","authors":"Janet A Novotny, Johanna Dwyer, Mario G Ferruzzi, Bill Gurley, Tasija Karosas, Colin D Kay, Esther Myers, Andrew Shao, Connie M Weaver","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary bioactives, which are commonly found in food, beverages, and dietary supplements, include nonessential food components that can support health beyond preventing nutrient deficiencies. Despite their known health benefits and potential for adverse effects, there is limited guidance on appropriate intake levels, safety, and efficacy of these ingredients, particularly those present in dietary supplements. This lack of guidance can be challenging for individuals attempting to make informed decisions about products marketed for health benefits. A previously published perspective proposed a 4-step framework for developing quantitative intake recommendations for bioactive constituents in food. This framework addressed bioactive characterization, safety evaluation, efficacy assessment, and how to develop intake levels from foods. However, it did not account for the unique considerations of bioactives consumed in dietary supplement form. The current paper builds on the original framework by addressing the specific factors that must be considered when developing intake guidance for bioactive constituents found in dietary supplements. These include differences in dose, matrix, purity, bioavailability, and intended use. In doing so, this paper aims to advance the development of evidence-based recommendations for supplements, while also highlighting the fundamental distinctions between bioactive constituents delivered through food and diet compared with those delivered through dietary supplements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 6","pages":"Article 100623"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-05-07DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100647
Yuxin Wang , Jiaxin Liu , Kristin Verbeke , Naschla Gasaly Retamal , Renate Akkerman , Paul de Vos
{"title":"Dietary Fiber and Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Obesity Management: Converging Mechanisms, Interactions, and Strategies for Durable Weight Control","authors":"Yuxin Wang , Jiaxin Liu , Kristin Verbeke , Naschla Gasaly Retamal , Renate Akkerman , Paul de Vos","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have transformed the management of obesity by producing substantial and durable weight loss. However, gastrointestinal adverse effects, including nausea, vomiting, and constipation, are a common, dose-dependent, and frequent cause of discontinuation. Furthermore, weight regain is typical after drug withdrawal, reflecting the chronic and relapsing nature of obesity. Long-term adherence is essential but is often constrained by high cost, injection burden, and patient preference. Moreover, the consequences of chronic GLP-1 receptor activation on gut physiology, microbiota composition, and immune tolerance remain incompletely defined. In parallel, dietary fibers offer a physiological means of engaging the same gut–brain axis through microbial fermentation and the stimulation of endogenous GLP-1. Fibers deliver broad benefits because they strengthen gut barrier function, enrich short-chain fatty acids, and recalibrate immunity toward an anti-inflammatory state. Nevertheless, weight loss with fiber alone is typically more modest than with GLP-1RAs and depends on the type, dose, and duration of use. Tolerability can be limited by bloating or gas, particularly if intake is increased too rapidly. This review critically examines the convergence and divergence between GLP-1RAs and dietary fibers. We discuss their mechanistic overlaps in appetite control, metabolism, and immune modulation, and highlight potential interactions, such as altered fermentation dynamics during pharmacological slowing of gastric emptying and the potential for GLP-1R desensitization. We explore opportunities for fibers to mitigate GLP-1RA–related adverse effects, support bowel regularity, and stabilize the microbiota during treatment or after discontinuation. A pragmatic framework is raised to place dietary fiber and lifestyle measures as the foundation of care, reserve GLP-1RA therapy for the highest-risk individuals, and plan for fiber supplements once pharmacotherapy is reduced. Well-designed trials that combine GLP-1RAs with well-characterized fibers, include microbiome endpoints, and assess long-term outcomes are needed to optimize efficacy and reduce dependence on costly pharmacotherapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 6","pages":"Article 100647"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-06-15DOI: 10.1016/S2161-8313(26)00094-3
{"title":"Nutrition 2026 – Join The Global Nutrition Community in Washington D.C. (USA), July 25-28","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2161-8313(26)00094-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2161-8313(26)00094-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 6","pages":"Article 100680"},"PeriodicalIF":12.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148539453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Advances in NutritionPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100657
Daisy Recchia , Michel Raymond , Claire Berticat , Sylvaine Artero
{"title":"Interrelationships between Refined Carbohydrates, Periodontal Diseases, and Cognitive Decline: A Narrative Review","authors":"Daisy Recchia , Michel Raymond , Claire Berticat , Sylvaine Artero","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100657","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100657","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accumulating studies suggest that carbohydrate quality influences both oral and cognitive health. Diets rich in refined carbohydrates promote insulin resistance, oxidative stress, inflammation, and disrupt oral microbiota. These changes contribute to periodontal disease and neurodegeneration. Periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline via inflammation, bacterial translocation, and blood–brain barrier disruption. Although less extensively studied, reverse pathways may also operate. Cognitive decline may alter dietary behavior through neurohormonal changes, increasing preference for sweeter foods, and promoting periodontal disease by impairing motor functions essential for oral hygiene. Periodontitis may further shift dietary choices toward softer, more processed foods through tooth loss, oral pain, and chewing difficulties. These interactions may reinforce a cycle linking diet, oral health, and cognition.</div><div>To date, no study has comprehensively examined the interrelationships between carbohydrate quality, periodontal disease, and cognitive decline within a unified framework. This narrative review aimed to address this gap by synthesizing findings on each bidirectional dyadic association, examining terminology and methodological approaches, and discussing shared mechanisms and biological pathways. Through this work, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and microbiota dysbiosis were identified as shared integrative pathways, and key research gaps were highlighted to guide future research and inform prevention strategies for aging populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 6","pages":"Article 100657"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147950286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}