Intersections of Climate Change with Food Systems, Nutrition, and Health: An Overview and Evidence Map

IF 8 1区 医学 Q1 NUTRITION & DIETETICS
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Abstract

Scientific research linking climate change to food systems, nutrition, and nutrition-related health (FSNH) has proliferated, showing bidirectional and compounding dependencies that create cascading risks for human and planetary health. Within this proliferation, it is unclear which evidence to prioritize for action and which research gaps, if filled, would catalyze the most impact. We systematically searched for synthesis literature (i.e., reviews) related to FSNH published after 1 January, 2018. We screened and extracted characteristics of these reviews and mapped them in an interactive Evidence and Gap Map (EGM) supplemented by expert consultation. Eight hundred forty-four synthesis reports met inclusion criteria (from 2739 records) and were included in the EGM. The largest clusters of reports were those describing climate impacts on crop and animal-source food production and emissions from such (86%). Comparatively few reports assessed climate change impacts on nutrition-related health or food manufacture, processing, storage, and transportation. Reports focused on strategies of climate adaptation (40%), mitigation (29%), both (19%), or none (12%). Only 1 quarter of reports critically evaluated equity (25%), and fewer reports suggested that changes to equity and equitable practices would alter climate-FSNH dynamics (6%). The expert consultation mirrored the results of the EGM and contextualized findings further. This novel map describes a wide research landscape linking climate change to FSNH. We identified 4 key research gaps: 1) research on whole food systems or postharvest elements; 2) research evaluating relationships between climate change and nutrition-related health outcomes, especially among vulnerable populations; 3) promising methods (and additional data required) that can i) identify inflection points or levers for intervention, ii) incorporate complex dynamics and characterize trade-offs, iii) be understood and applied in context-specific, localized ways for decision making; and 4) research undertaken through interdisciplinary collaborations that enables producing and translating evidence to action, especially those that inherently consider coproduction and fairness.

气候变化与粮食系统、营养和健康的相互关系:概述和证据图。
将气候变化与粮食系统、营养和营养相关健康(FSNH)联系起来的科学研究大量涌现,显示出双向和复合的依赖关系,给人类和地球健康带来一连串的风险。在这种激增的情况下,尚不清楚哪些证据应优先用于行动,哪些研究缺口如果得到填补将产生最大影响。我们系统地检索了 2018 年 1 月 1 日之后发表的与 FSNH 相关的综合文献(即综述)。我们筛选并提取了这些综述的特征,并将其映射到交互式证据和差距图(EGM)中,同时辅以专家咨询。844篇综述报告符合纳入标准(来自2739条记录),并被纳入EGM。最大的报告集群是描述气候对作物和动物源性食品 (ASF) 生产的影响以及由此产生的排放的报告(86%)。评估气候变化对营养相关健康或食品制造、加工、储存和运输影响的报告相对较少。报告侧重于气候适应战略(40%)、减缓战略(29%)、两者兼顾战略(19%)或无战略(12%)。只有四分之一的报告对公平性进行了严格评估(25%),较少报告认为公平性和公平做法的改变会改变气候-FSNH 的动态变化(6%)。专家咨询会反映了 EGM 的结果,并将结论进一步背景化。这张新颖的地图描述了气候变化与家庭健康网之间的广泛研究前景。我们确定了四个关键的研究缺口,包括:1)关于整个食品系统或收获后要素的研究;2)评估气候变化与营养相关健康结果之间关系的研究,尤其是在弱势群体中;3) 有前景的方法(和所需的额外数据),能够 a) 确定干预的拐点或杠杆,b) 纳入复杂的动态变化并描述权衡的特点,c) 以特定的、本地化的方式理解和应用于决策;以及 4) 通过跨学科合作开展的研究,能够产生证据并将证据转化为行动,特别是那些本质上考虑共同生产和公平性的研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Advances in Nutrition
Advances in Nutrition 医学-营养学
CiteScore
17.40
自引率
2.20%
发文量
117
审稿时长
56 days
期刊介绍: Advances in Nutrition (AN/Adv Nutr) publishes focused reviews on pivotal findings and recent research across all domains relevant to nutritional scientists and biomedical researchers. This encompasses nutrition-related research spanning biochemical, molecular, and genetic studies using experimental animal models, domestic animals, and human subjects. The journal also emphasizes clinical nutrition, epidemiology and public health, and nutrition education. Review articles concentrate on recent progress rather than broad historical developments. In addition to review articles, AN includes Perspectives, Letters to the Editor, and supplements. Supplement proposals require pre-approval by the editor before submission. The journal features reports and position papers from the American Society for Nutrition, summaries of major government and foundation reports, and Nutrient Information briefs providing crucial details about dietary requirements, food sources, deficiencies, and other essential nutrient information. All submissions with scientific content undergo peer review by the Editors or their designees prior to acceptance for publication.
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