Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Causes of Low Milk Supply: The Roles of Estrogens, Progesterone, and Related External Factors","authors":"Xuehua Jin ,&nbsp;Sharon L. Perrella ,&nbsp;Ching Tat Lai ,&nbsp;Nicolas L. Taylor ,&nbsp;Donna T. Geddes","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Low milk supply (LMS) poses a significant challenge to exclusive and continued breastfeeding, affecting ∼10% to 15% of mothers. Milk production is intricately regulated by both endocrine and autocrine control mechanisms, with estrogens and progesterone playing pivotal roles in this process. In addition to endogenously produced hormones, external substances capable of interfering with normal hormonal actions, including phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens, synthetic estrogens, and hormonal contraceptives, can influence milk production. The effects of these extrinsic hormones on milk production may vary based on maternal body mass index. This comprehensive review examines the multifaceted causes of LMS, focusing on the involvement of estrogens, progesterone, and related external factors in milk production. Furthermore, it investigates the interplay between hormonal factors and obesity, aiming to elucidate the endocrine mechanisms underlying obesity-associated LMS. Insights from this review provide valuable perspectives for developing interventions to improve milk production and address the challenges associated with LMS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S216183132301390X/pdfft?md5=c6fb7f23162d36a2d8cb345ae6daad61&pid=1-s2.0-S216183132301390X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41221544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of the Effect of Daily Vitamin D2 and Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentration (Total 25(OH)D, 25(OH)D2, and 25(OH)D3) and Importance of Body Mass Index: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Ellen GHM. van den Heuvel ,&nbsp;Paul Lips ,&nbsp;Linda J. Schoonmade ,&nbsp;Susan A. Lanham-New ,&nbsp;Natasja M. van Schoor","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Two previous meta-analyses showed smaller differences between vitamin D3 and vitamin D2 in raising serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and a consistently high heterogeneity when only including daily dosing studies.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>This study aimed to compare more frequently dosed vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 in improving total 25(OH)D and determine the concomitant effect of response modifiers on heterogeneity, and secondly, to compare the vitamin D2-associated change in 25(OH)D2 with the vitamin D3-associated change in 25(OH)D3.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and the Web of Science Core collection were searched for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D2 compared with vitamin D3, daily or once/twice weekly dosed. After screening for eligibility, relevant data were extracted for meta-analyses to determine the standardized mean difference when different methods of 25(OH)D analyses were used. Otherwise, the weighted mean difference (WMD) was determined.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Overall, the results based on 20 comparative studies showed vitamin D3 to be superior to vitamin D2 in raising total 25(OH)D concentrations, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had a similar positive impact on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. The WMD in change in total 25(OH)D based on 12 daily dosed vitamin D2-vitamin D3 comparisons, analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, was 10.39 nmol/L (40%) lower for the vitamin D2 group compared with the vitamin D3 group (95% confidence interval: −14.62, −6.16; <em>I</em>^<em>2</em> = 64%; <em>P</em> &lt; 00001). Body mass index (BMI) appeared to be the strongest response modifier, reducing heterogeneity to 0% in both subgroups. The vitamin D2- and vitamin D3-induced change in total 25(OH)D lost significance predominantly in subjects with a BMI &gt;25 kg/m² (<em>P</em> = 0.99). However, information on BMI was only available in 13/17 daily dosed comparisons.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Vitamin D3 leads to a greater increase of 25(OH)D than vitamin D2, even if limited to daily dose studies, but vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 had similar positive impacts on their corresponding 25(OH)D hydroxylated forms. Next to baseline 25(OH)D concentration, BMI should be considered when comparing the effect of daily vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 supplementation on total 25(OH)D concentration.</p><p>This study was registered in PROSPERO as CRD42021272674.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013947/pdfft?md5=cab5c0e9d2dfcacd6302965b4f8942c4&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013947-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49685552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Milk Macronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First Two Years: A Systematic Review","authors":"Meredith (Merilee) Brockway ,&nbsp;Allison I. Daniel ,&nbsp;Sarah M. Reyes ,&nbsp;Matthew Granger ,&nbsp;Joann M. McDermid ,&nbsp;Deborah Chan ,&nbsp;Rebecca Refvik ,&nbsp;Karanbir K. Sidhu ,&nbsp;Suad Musse ,&nbsp;Pooja P. Patel ,&nbsp;Caroline Monnin ,&nbsp;Larisa Lotoski ,&nbsp;Donna Geddes ,&nbsp;Fyezah Jehan ,&nbsp;Patrick Kolsteren ,&nbsp;Lindsay H. Allen ,&nbsp;Daniela Hampel ,&nbsp;Kamilla G. Eriksen ,&nbsp;Natalie Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Meghan B. Azad","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100149","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100149","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Among exclusively breastfed infants, human milk (HM) provides complete nutrition in the first mo of life and remains an important energy source as long as breastfeeding continues. Consisting of digestible carbohydrates, proteins, and amino acids, as well as fats and fatty acids, macronutrients in human milk have been well studied; however, many aspects related to their relationship to growth in early life are still not well understood. We systematically searched Medline, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science to synthesize evidence published between 1980 and 2022 on HM components and anthropometry through 2 y of age among term-born healthy infants. From 9992 abstracts screened, 57 articles reporting observations from 5979 dyads were included and categorized based on their reporting of HM macronutrients and infant growth.</p><p>There was substantial heterogeneity in anthropometric outcome measurement, milk collection timelines, and HM sampling strategies; thus, meta-analysis was not possible. In general, digestible carbohydrates were positively associated with infant weight outcomes. Protein was positively associated with infant length, but no associations were reported for infant weight. Finally, HM fat was not consistently associated with any infant growth metrics, though various associations were reported in single studies. Fatty acid intakes were generally positively associated with head circumference, except for docosahexaenoic acid. Our synthesis of the literature was limited by differences in milk collection strategies, heterogeneity in anthropometric outcomes and analytical methodologies, and by insufficient reporting of results. Moving forward, HM researchers should accurately record and account for breastfeeding exclusivity, use consistent sampling protocols that account for the temporal variation in HM macronutrients, and use reliable, sensitive, and accurate techniques for HM macronutrient analysis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323014333/pdfft?md5=584f1c4dff388e6b6e1d6db2f6269733&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323014333-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138048957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Milk Micronutrients and Child Growth and Body Composition in the First 2 years: A Systematic Review","authors":"Sarah M. Reyes ,&nbsp;Meredith (Merilee) Brockway ,&nbsp;Joann M. McDermid ,&nbsp;Deborah Chan ,&nbsp;Matthew Granger ,&nbsp;Rebecca Refvik ,&nbsp;Karanbir K. Sidhu ,&nbsp;Suad Musse ,&nbsp;Caroline Monnin ,&nbsp;Larisa Lotoski ,&nbsp;Donna T. Geddes ,&nbsp;Fyezah Jehan ,&nbsp;Patrick Kolsteren ,&nbsp;Lindsay H. Allen ,&nbsp;Daniela Hampel ,&nbsp;Kamilla G. Eriksen ,&nbsp;Natalie Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Meghan B. Azad","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human milk (HM) provides a plethora of nutritional and non-nutritional compounds that support infant development. For many compounds, concentrations vary substantially among mothers and across lactation, and their impact on infant growth is poorly understood. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science to synthesize evidence published between 1980 and 2022 on HM components and anthropometry through 2 y of age among term-born infants. Outcomes included weight-for-length, length-for-age, weight-for-age, body mass index (in kg/m²)–for–age, and growth velocity. From 9992 abstracts screened, 144 articles were included and categorized based on their reporting of HM micronutrients, macronutrients, or bioactive components. Micronutrients (vitamins and minerals) are reported here, based on 28 articles involving 2526 mother-infant dyads. Studies varied markedly in their designs, sampling times, geographic and socioeconomic settings, reporting practices, and the HM analytes and infant anthropometrics measured. Meta-analysis was not possible because data were sparse for most micronutrients. The most-studied minerals were zinc (15 articles, 1423 dyads) and calcium (7 articles, 714 dyads). HM iodine, manganese, calcium, and zinc concentrations were positively associated with several outcomes (each in ≥2 studies), whereas magnesium (in a single study) was negatively associated with linear growth during early lactation. However, few studies measured HM intake, adjusted for confounders, provided adequate information about complementary and formula feeding, or adequately described HM collection protocols. Only 4 studies (17%) had high overall quality scores. The biological functions of individual HM micronutrients are likely influenced by other HM components; yet, only 1 study analyzed data from multiple micronutrients simultaneously, and few addressed other HM components. Thus, available evidence on this topic is largely inconclusive and fails to address the complex composition of HM. High-quality research employing chronobiology and systems biology approaches is required to understand how HM components work independently and together to influence infant growth and to identify new avenues for future maternal, newborn, or infant nutritional interventions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013261/pdfft?md5=cb901f03bc73068317f404f31b05beb7&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013261-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9931082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Early Diet on the Prevalence of Allergic Disease in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Shumin Wang ,&nbsp;Pingping Yin ,&nbsp;Leilei Yu ,&nbsp;Fengwei Tian ,&nbsp;Wei Chen ,&nbsp;Qixiao Zhai","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent evidence suggests that the timing of introduction, types, and amounts of complementary foods/allergenic foods may influence the risk of allergic disease. However, the evidence has not been updated and comprehensively synthesized. The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were searched from the inception of each database up to 31 May 2023 (articles prior to 2000 were excluded manually). Statistical analyses were performed using RevMan 5. The GRADE approach was followed to rate the certainty of evidence. Compared with &gt;6 mo, early introduction of eggs (≤6 mo of age) might reduce the risk of food allergies in preschoolers aged &lt;6 y (odds ratio [OR], 0.65; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53, 0.81), but had no effect on asthma or atopic dermatitis (AD). Consumption of fish at 6–12 mo might reduce the risk of asthma in children (aged 5–17 y) compared with late introduction after 12 mo (OR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.72). Introduction of allergenic foods for ≤6 mo of age, compared with &gt;6 mos, was a protective factor for the future risk (children aged ≤10 y) of AD (OR, 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89, 0.97). Probiotic intervention for infants at high risk of allergic disease significantly reduced the risk of food allergy at ages 0–3 y (OR, 0.72; 95% CI: 0.56, 0.94), asthma at 6–12 y (OR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.90), and AD at aged &lt;6 y (3–6 y: OR, 0.70; 95% CI: 0.52, 0.94; 0–3 y: OR, 0.73; 95% CI: 0.59, 0.91). Early introduction of complementary foods or the high-dose vitamin D supplementation in infancy was not associated with the risk of developing food allergies, asthma, or AD during childhood. Early introduction to potential allergen foods for normal infants or probiotics for infants at high risk of allergies may protect against development of allergic disease. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022379264.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013893/pdfft?md5=67a2c281192a698f65338df6638075f3&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013893-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41221545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Intermittent Energy Restriction Compared with Those of Continuous Energy Restriction on Body Composition and Cardiometabolic Risk Markers – A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials in Adults","authors":"Maite M. Schroor,&nbsp;Peter J. Joris,&nbsp;Jogchum Plat,&nbsp;Ronald P. Mensink","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The interest in intermittent energy restriction (IER) diets as a weight-loss approach is increasing. Different IER protocols exist, including time-restricted eating (TRE), alternate-day fasting (ADF), and the 5:2 diet. This meta-analysis compared the effects of these IER diets with continuous energy restriction (CER) on anthropometrics and cardiometabolic risk markers in healthy adults. Twenty-eight trials were identified that studied TRE (k = 7), ADF (k = 10), or the 5:2 diet (k = 11) for 2–52 wk. Energy intakes between intervention groups within a study were comparable (17 trials), lower in IER (5 trials), or not reported (6 trials). Weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated using fixed- or random-effects models. Changes in body weight [WMD: –0.42 kg; 95% confidence interval (CI): –0.96 to 0.13; <em>P</em> = 0.132] and fat mass (FM) (WMD: –0.31 kg; 95% CI: –0.98 to 0.36; <em>P</em> = 0.362) were comparable when results of the 3 IER diets were combined and compared with those of CER. All IER diets combined reduced fat-free mass (WMD: –0.20 kg; 95% CI: –0.39 to –0.01; <em>P</em> = 0.044) and waist circumference (WMD: –0.91 cm; 95% CI: –1.76 to –0.06; <em>P</em> = 0.036) more than CER. Effects on body mass index [BMI (kg/m²)], glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations, and blood pressure did not differ. Further, TRE reduced body weight, FM, and fat-free mass more than CER, whereas ADF improved HOMA-IR more. BMI was reduced less in the 5:2 diet compared with CER. In conclusion, the 3 IER diets combined did not lead to superior improvements in anthropometrics and cardiometabolic risk markers compared with CER diets. Slightly greater reductions were, however, observed in fat-free mass and waist circumference. To what extent differences in energy intakes between groups within studies may have influenced these outcomes should be addressed in future studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013911/pdfft?md5=481ead5019174632ab398c27dc517fad&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013911-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41221546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human Milk Composition: An Atlas for Child Health Recommendations","authors":"Ashley J. Vargas","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100151","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323014357/pdfft?md5=d53f0a69b99d9b2284fe292efc4282fd&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323014357-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138048956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association between Dietary Inflammatory Potential and Urologic Cancers: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Ya-nan Dai ,&nbsp;Evan Yi-Wen Yu ,&nbsp;Maurice P. Zeegers ,&nbsp;Anke Wesselius","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A meta-analysis published in 2018 indicated a significant association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and risk of urologic cancers (UC). The number of included studies was limited, and more research has been published on this topic since then. The current study aimed to find a more precise estimate of the association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of UC by updating the previous meta-analysis. The PubMed and Embase databases were searched between January 2015 and April 2023 to identify eligible articles. Combined relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by random-effects model to assess the association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of UC by comparison of the highest versus the lowest category of the DII/empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) or by using the continuous DII/EDIP score. The analysis, including 23 studies with 557,576 subjects, showed different results for UC. There was a significant association for prostate cancer among case-control studies (RR = 1.75, 95% CI: 1.34-2.28), whereas among cohort studies a null association was found (RR = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.96-1.08). For bladder cancer, a nonsignificant association was observed in both case-control (RR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.95-2.64) and cohort studies (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.86-1.24). Pooled RR from 3 case-control studies displayed a statistically significant association between the DII and risk of kidney cancer (RR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.03-1.56). Although DII was positively associated with all types of UC, no association was found for EDIP. The present meta-analysis confirmed that an inflammatory diet has a direct effect on the development of prostate cancer and kidney cancer. Large-scale studies are needed to demonstrate the association between dietary inflammatory potential and risk of UC and provide effective nutritional advice for UC prevention.</p></div><div><h3>Protocol registration</h3><p>The protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42023391204).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013856/pdfft?md5=30736836e2ddd5ea9dc769c5fd443861&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013856-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71523552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-Processed Foods and Human Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies","authors":"Marilena Vitale ,&nbsp;Giuseppina Costabile ,&nbsp;Roberta Testa ,&nbsp;Giovanna D’Abbronzo ,&nbsp;Immacolata Cristina Nettore ,&nbsp;Paolo Emidio Macchia ,&nbsp;Rosalba Giacco","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.09.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Evidence of associations between ultra-processed foods (UPF) and increased risk of cardiovascular disease is emerging, but it is unclear how much this is influenced by the methodology used to assess the UPF intake or by the level of consumption. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate 1) the association between UPF consumption and risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, using prospective cohort studies; 2) the differential associations depending on the methodology used to assess UPF intake and the level of UPF consumption and 3) the quality of evidence using the NutriGrade scoring system. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus through 1 April, 2023, on studies conducted in humans providing data for the highest compared with the lowest UPF consumption categories. Summary relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 4522 articles retrieved from the literature search, 25 reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, 7 for diabetes, 5 for hypertension, 3 for dyslipidemia, and 13 for obesity. A consistently positive association between high UPF intake and increased risk of developing diabetes (37%), hypertension (32%), hypertriglyceridemia (47%), low HDL cholesterol concentration (43%), and obesity (32%) was observed, even if the quality of evidence was not satisfying. However, these risks varied significantly depending on the methodology used to assess UPF consumption, with a difference of more than 50% between the methods. Based on the level of intake, we did not observe significant differences in the results. These findings show that UPF consumption is associated with higher risk of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and obesity, but the level of risk consistently changes depending on the methodology used to assess UPF intake. Therefore, caution should be used when interpreting and extrapolating the results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323013820/pdfft?md5=c19cf6f592c4ff18d4e3a54222030517&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323013820-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139015972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantity and Quality of Evidence Are Sufficient: Prevalent Features of Ultraprocessed Diets Are Deleterious for Health","authors":"Kenny Mendoza ,&nbsp;Deirdre K Tobias","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100157","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2161831323014448/pdfft?md5=ebfbd5b067be68cb6a0eec34bfe25f45&pid=1-s2.0-S2161831323014448-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139025003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}