Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Multi-Level Health Outcomes of Local Food Procurement in United States Farm-to-School Programs: a Systematic Review","authors":"Kathryn E Coakley ,&nbsp;Luotao Lin ,&nbsp;Diana Gonzales-Pacheco ,&nbsp;Olivia M Thompson ,&nbsp;Jonathan D Eldredge ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Y Jimenez ,&nbsp;Melissa Pflugh Prescott","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Approximately 74% of schools in the United States participated in at least 1 farm-to-school (F2S) activity during the 2022 to 2023 school year. Relationships between specific F2S activities, particularly local food procurement, and health outcomes across multiple levels (individual, family, community, and population) have not been systematically reviewed and reported. We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed and gray literature to examine relationships between local food procurement within F2S programs and child, family, producer, and community health outcomes (PROSPERO# CRD420250624067). Secondarily, we cataloged reported economic impacts and barriers and facilitators to local food procurement in F2S programs. Systematic literature searches identified 520 unique records. After title and abstract and full-text screening, 7 peer-reviewed articles and 2 gray literature sources met inclusion criteria, representing 3 cross-sectional, 1 prospective cohort, and 5 quasi-experimental studies. All studies presented individual-level health outcomes and most focused on children’s fruit and vegetable intake. Results suggest local food procurement in F2S programs is associated with increases in children’s vegetable intake, particularly in those with low intake and more intensive F2S exposure, but is not associated with positive changes in fruit intake. Evidence was insufficient to draw conclusions for any other health outcome evaluated at any level. Local food procurement facilitators reported by study authors were program champions, culturally-relevant activities and foods, and family and community engagement. Schools also faced significant barriers related to their ability, capacity, and financial means to source local food. Local food procurement, one of the most common F2S activities in K-12 settings in the United States, is associated with higher vegetable intake among students, but additional rigorous research is needed to determine comprehensive multi-level impacts on student, family, producer, and community health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 2","pages":"Article 100580"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145893470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incidence of Type 2 diabetes: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Observational Studies","authors":"Edyta Schaefer ,&nbsp;Manuela Neuenschwander ,&nbsp;Tim Schiemann ,&nbsp;Nadine Iser ,&nbsp;Christina Baechle ,&nbsp;Nafiseh Shokri-Mashhadi ,&nbsp;Lukas Schwingshackl ,&nbsp;Matthias B Schulze ,&nbsp;Sabrina Schlesinger","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of dietary fat in type 2 diabetes (T2D) development remains debated. Fatty acid (FA) biomarkers may better reflect bioavailable FAs than self-reported dietary intake. We conducted a systematic review and dose–response meta-analysis investigating associations between FA biomarkers and risk of T2D, considering different biospecimens of FA measurement. PubMed and Web of Science were searched until 9 November, 2022, and a search alert was followed until 17 February, 2025. Prospective cohort studies investigating FA biomarkers and T2D risk were included. Summary relative risks (SRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all biospecimens combined and separately were estimated using a random-effects model. Risk of bias was assessed with the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions tool, and the certainty of evidence (CoE) was rated with the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. We included 27 articles. Analyses of plasma phospholipids (PPL) and red blood cells (RBC) provided inverse associations between higher concentrations of specific saturated FAs (SFAs) [15:0: SRR 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.81); 17:0: 0.64 (0.41, 0.78)], n−3 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) [20:5: 0.97 (0.95, 0.99), 22:6: 0.92 (0.88, 0.96)], and n−6 PUFA [18:2: 0.93 (0.91, 0.95)] and risk of T2D, with moderate CoE. In the same biospecimens, higher levels of specific monounsaturated FAs (MUFAs) [16:1n−7: 1.06 (1.03, 1.10), 18:1n−9: 1.04 (1.01, 1.06)], and n−6 PUFAs [γ−20:3: 1.07 (1.03, 1.11), γ−18:3: 2.23 (1.42, 3.50), and 20:4: 1.02 (1.01, 1.04)] were associated with higher risk of T2D. Although combined analyses across biospecimens were consistent, stronger associations were observed in PPL and RBC. Associations of specific FAs within the same class (SFAs, MUFAs, PUFAs) varied in direction regarding risk of T2D. Certain SFAs, n−3 PUFAs, and 18:2 were inversely associated with T2D risk, whereas certain MUFAs and n−6 PUFAs were positively associated. Stronger associations in PPL and RBC highlight the importance of biospecimen selection. The protocol of this study was registered a priori in PROSPERO (CRD42020184575).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100565"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145688734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Dietary Supplements in Environmental Challenges","authors":"Margaret A Nagai-Singer,&nbsp;Jun Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environmental challenges such as rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, changes in climate patterns, and heightened frequency and severity of extreme weather events are presenting multifaceted and compounding threats to nutrition and nutrition-related health outcomes. This perspective paper identifies the following 3 critical research gaps at the intersection of dietary supplements and environmental challenges: <em>1</em>) addressing nutrient deficiencies caused by environmental threats; <em>2</em>) enhancing biological resilience to environmental stressors; and <em>3</em>) altering environmental impacts through changes in dietary patterns and industry practices. We discuss methodological challenges and emphasize interdisciplinary collaboration. By addressing these gaps, we can better understand how dietary supplements might contribute to nutrition security and health in the United States amid changing environmental conditions. This knowledge will inform public health policies and interventions, while considering the complex interplay between dietary supplements, nutrition, and environmental factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100566"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145679513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Salt Fortified with Multiple Nutrients on Health Outcomes in Children, Adolescents, and Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Gitanjali Lall ,&nbsp;Michael B Zimmermann ,&nbsp;Werner Schultink ,&nbsp;Leila M Larson","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nutritional deficiencies are prevalent in populations across the world. Fortification of staple foods has been used as an alternative to supplementation to address many deficiencies. One such staple is salt, which has long been fortified with iodine, but more recently with iron, folate, and other micronutrients. Our objective was to determine the effects of fortified salt on nutritional and health outcomes among children, adolescents, and adults. We conducted a systematic review of published and unpublished literature using a pre-defined search strategy. Abstracts and full texts were screened for randomized trials, quasi-randomized trials, and pre-post-designs of double or multiple fortified salt. We calculated the weighted pooled effect sizes for the effects of fortified salt on nutritional and health outcomes. Of the 395 studies identified, 33 (including 37 intervention-control comparisons) fit our inclusion criteria. Of these comparisons, 26 studied the effects of salt fortified with iron and iodine [double fortified salt (DFS)], 2 studied the effects of salt fortified with folic acid and iodine, 1 studied the effect of triple fortified salt, 1 studied the effect of quadruple fortified salt, and 7 studied the effects of multiple micronutrient fortified salt (MMFS; fortified with ≥5 nutrients). Pooled effect sizes indicated positive effects from all iron-containing fortified salt on hemoglobin concentration [standardized mean difference (95% confidence interval): DFS 0.36 (0.22, 0.50), <em>n</em> comparisons = 26; triple fortified salt 1.56 (1.42, 1.70), <em>n</em> comparisons = 1; quadruple fortified salt 0.33 (0.02, 0.63), <em>n</em> comparisons = 1; MMFS 0.23 (0.03, 0.43), <em>n</em> comparisons = 6]. DFS and MMFS reduced the odds of anemia and iron deficiency (ID) anemia. MMFS improved serum folate and reduced the odds of ID. Pooled effects on biomarkers of vitamin B12, vitamin A, and zinc status varied by type of salt, but were largely not significant. Fortification of salt with iodine and iron, with and without other nutrients, is effective in increasing hemoglobin and reducing the odds of anemia and ID in population-based studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100567"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145696515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Radiotherapy and Body Composition: Unmet Needs in Low- and Middle-Income Countries","authors":"Alexia J Murphy-Alford ,&nbsp;Aaron J Grossberg ,&nbsp;Vickie E Baracos ,&nbsp;Maha Barbar ,&nbsp;Judy Bauer ,&nbsp;Jonathan P Bennett ,&nbsp;Elena Fidarova ,&nbsp;Clifton D Fuller ,&nbsp;Anastassia Löser ,&nbsp;Amy C Moreno ,&nbsp;Anurima Patra ,&nbsp;Deepa Puttaswamy ,&nbsp;David I Rosenthal ,&nbsp;Judy Schoeman ,&nbsp;Yavuz Anacak","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100563","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100563","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radiotherapy plays a vital role in cancer treatment, yet its effects on patients’ nutritional status can precipitate muscle loss, with significant implications for treatment tolerance and outcomes. Evidence from high-income countries increasingly links radiation-induced muscle loss to adverse clinical outcomes. In contrast, low- and middle-income countries face a stark evidence gap, despite the heightened vulnerability of cancer patients in these settings due to delayed diagnosis, limited access to care, and high rates of co-morbidities. This paper highlights the critical gaps in nutritional care for radiotherapy patients in low- and middle-income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100563"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145535115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food Environment and Childhood Overweight/Obesity: A Systematic Review","authors":"Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Zhijun Yang ,&nbsp;Taotao Deng ,&nbsp;Chongjun Bi ,&nbsp;Huabin Li ,&nbsp;Pengfeng Qu ,&nbsp;Yamin Chen ,&nbsp;Dong Liang ,&nbsp;Jiao Xu ,&nbsp;Ning Li ,&nbsp;Gangqiang Ding ,&nbsp;Haijun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Childhood overweight/obesity has emerged as a pressing public health concern globally, and the impact of the food environment on children's diets and health outcomes has gained heightened attention. Comprehensive and child-specific monitoring systems are critical for guiding targeted interventions and policies. This review aimed to synthesize recent literature on food environment indicators associated with children with overweight/obesity using the 4A framework, including food availability, accessibility, affordability, and appeal. We conducted a systematic search of peer-reviewed literature (2020–2025). This systematic review is guided by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and involved narrative synthesis and framework-based classification (CRD420251116187). A total of 75 observational and 6 intervention studies are included. Indicators related to availability (e.g., home food supply and fast food outlet density) and accessibility (e.g., proximity to healthy food stores) are most commonly studied, whereas affordability and appeal indicators (e.g., food pricing and marketing exposure) are less frequently addressed. Current evidence underscores deficiencies in the measurement and monitoring of the food environment for children, which is important to prevent and manage childhood overweight/obesity using integrated indicators at home, schools, communities, and society. Moreover, there is a necessity to develop a standardized, child-centered food environment monitoring system, facilitating prompt, equity-sensitive policy action to address children with overweight/obesity on a worldwide scale, which also supports global sustainable development. This systematic review paper will be useful for selecting indicators to construct a food environment monitoring system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100564"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145582758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"With Appreciation","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100574","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 1","pages":"Article 100574"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Research in Fermented Foods: Bridging Tradition and Science","authors":"Kara Sampsell ,&nbsp;Camila Schultz Marcolla ,&nbsp;Samantha Tapping ,&nbsp;Yi Fan ,&nbsp;Carla L Sánchez-Lafuente ,&nbsp;Benjamin P Willing ,&nbsp;Raylene A Reimer ,&nbsp;Jeremy P Burton","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fermented foods represent a diverse category of products shaped by microbial metabolism, offering distinctive sensory qualities and potential health benefits. Although prior reviews have explored the nutritional and microbial aspects of fermented foods or focused on specific health outcomes and mechanisms of action, few recent narrative reviews have integrated clinical and epidemiologic evidence across diverse health domains. This review addresses that gap by critically evaluating observational and interventional studies linking fermented food consumption with metabolic, cardiovascular, oncologic, and neuropsychological outcomes, while summarizing associated biomarkers that may underpin these effects. Emphasis is placed on clinical studies of fermented foods containing live microbes. Through mapping current evidence to noncommunicable disease outcomes, the review identifies consistent protective associations, methodological limitations, and key knowledge gaps, and outlines priorities to advance the field and its translation into dietary guidance. It further underscores the need for standardized product characterization and well-powered clinical trials to establish causality. Overall, this work provides the most current and integrative assessment of fermented foods and human health, highlighting their potential as a valuable yet underutilized component of strategies for chronic disease prevention and public health policy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 100554"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145515057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vitamin and multiple micronutrient supplementation for pregnant and/or lactating women on maternal and infant nutritional status in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Sachin Shinde ,&nbsp;Cara A Yelverton ,&nbsp;Mashavu Yussuf ,&nbsp;Lina Nurhussien ,&nbsp;Dongqing Wang ,&nbsp;Wafaie W Fawzi","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100487","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100487","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Globally, over half of women of reproductive age are affected by at least one micronutrient deficiency, often exacerbated during pregnancy and lactation, contributing to adverse maternal and child health outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis synthesized impact of vitamin supplementation on maternal, infant and lactational nutritional status in low- and middle-income countries.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and WHO library databases were searched. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials of micronutrient supplementation in healthy pregnant/lactating women, assessing maternal/infant micronutrient status or milk composition. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed for outcomes with ≥2 studies, and evidence quality was evaluated using GRADE.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighty-seven papers (76 trials, including 65 for meta-analysis) were included. Maternal vitamin B-12 supplementation during pregnancy increased serum cobalamin concentrations (standard mean difference [SMD] 0.39; 95% CI 0.11, 0.68; <em>P</em>=0.01) and reduced deficiency (OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.19, 0.95; <em>P</em>=0.04), with improved B-12 concentrations in milk, especially when administered postpartum (SMD 0.33; 95% CI 0.02, 0.63; P=0.04), but had no consistent effect on infant or cord serum cobalamin concentrations. Vitamin A supplementation during pregnancy or postpartum improved maternal serum concentrations (SMD 0.60; 95% CI 0.13, 1.08; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and reduced deficiency at thresholds ≤0.7 μmol/L (OR 0.55; 95% CI 0.43, 0.71; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001); however, its effects on infant and cord serum levels were negligible. Postpartum vitamin A supplementation improved milk vitamin A concentrations (SMD 0.53; 95% CI 0.19, 0.86; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001), particularly with single high-dose regimens. Supplementation with vitamin D during pregnancy increased maternal serum vitamin D concentrations (SMD 1.68; 95% CI 0.99, 2.37; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001), reduced deficiency at thresholds ≤50 nmol/L (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.14, 0.64; <em>P</em>&lt;0.001) and increased vitamin D concentrations in infant and cord serum.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy and lactation improved maternal nutritional status but showed inconsistent effects on infant nutritional status, highlighting the need for further research.</div></div><div><h3>PROSPERO Registration ID</h3><div>CRD42022308715; <span><span>https://tinyurl.com/y33cxekr</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 100487"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144769423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin Gallate and the Gut–Health Axis: Unraveling Structural Characteristics, Metabolic Pathways, and Systemic Benefits","authors":"Jiaying Yang,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Jiayi Chen,&nbsp;Dengchao Xie,&nbsp;Yuefei Wang,&nbsp;Jihong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100545","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100545","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary components significantly impact human health, influencing diverse physiological processes from metabolic homeostasis to cognitive function and aging. Tea, a widely consumed functional beverage rich in antioxidants, has gained attention for its health benefits. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant and bioactive catechin in green tea, is renowned for its potent biological activities. However, the direct absorption of EGCG is limited due to its low oral bioavailability, with a substantial portion reaching the colon where it interacts extensively with gut microbiota. This microbial interplay is crucial for EGCG’s biotransformation and the realization of its health-promoting potential, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This review synthesizes EGCG's structural features, metabolism, and interactions with gut microbiota, summarizing its roles in gut health and systemic effects through gut-related axes, and outlines future research. First, it elaborates EGCG's structural features, as a flavan-3-ol with a polyphenolic structure containing multiple hydroxyl groups, whose antioxidant and bioactive properties are associated with the specific arrangement of benzene rings and the gallate moiety. Second, it outlines its metabolic process, limited absorption in the small intestine, enzymatic metabolism in the small intestine and liver (including methylation, glucuronidation, and sulfation), and extensive biotransformation in the colon by gut microbiota into metabolites such as epigallocatechin and gallic acid. Third, it explores its effects on the gut, modulating gut microbiota composition by promoting beneficial bacteria and inhibiting pathogenic strains, enhancing intestinal barrier function by upregulating tight junction proteins, and promoting the production of short-chain fatty acids. Finally, it elucidates how EGCG modulates key gut-related health pathways and its broader implications for systemic health through various interconnected gut axes, including the gut–liver, gut–brain, gut–renal, and gut–lung axes, and concludes by outlining prospective research directions aimed at further elucidating the potential of EGCG in promoting health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 12","pages":"Article 100545"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145314318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}