Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Food-based indexes and their association with dietary inflammation","authors":"Gynette L Reyneke ,&nbsp;Kelly Lambert ,&nbsp;Eleanor J Beck","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of noncommunicable diseases, prompting an intensified interest in the diet-disease relationship for modulating inflammation. Diet quality indexes are widely used to quantify dietary patterns. However, the optimal tool for assessing dietary quality in relation to chronic inflammation remains unclear. The objective of this study was to synthesize the literature on food-based diet quality indexes and their association with chronic inflammation. A systematic scoping review of scientific databases was conducted from inception to March 2024. Studies describing the development and validation of original dietary inflammatory indexes or assessed associations between established indexes and inflammatory biomarkers were included. Studies that predominantly focused on nutrient-based indexes were excluded. Forty-three food-based indexes, evaluated across 65 studies, were categorized into 4 distinct groups based on dietary patterns (<em>n</em> = 18), dietary guidelines (<em>n</em> = 14), dietary inflammatory potential (<em>n</em> = 6), and therapeutic diets (<em>n</em> = 5). Established indexes based on the Mediterranean diet and dietary guidelines were the most extensively utilized, demonstrating inverse associations with several inflammatory biomarkers across diverse populations. The Anti-Inflammatory Diet Index, Dietary Inflammation Score, and Empirical Dietary Inflammatory Index were identified as robust, empirically derived indexes to assess diet quality based on their inflammatory potential. The dietary composition of the evaluated indexes ranged from 4 to 28 dietary components, with fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and legumes consistently classified as favorable, whereas red/processed meats and added sugars were unfavorable. This scoping review identified several promising food-based indexes for assessing inflammation-related diet quality. Methodological variations and inconsistencies in algorithms underscore the need for further validation across diverse populations. Future research should consider the scoring methods, dietary composition, and validated inflammatory biomarkers when selecting indexes to evaluate diet-inflammation associations. Understanding the characteristics that underpin these indexes informs their application in nutrition research and clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100400"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143569008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking Growth Monitoring and Promotion: Is It Time for A New Approach?","authors":"Jo-Anna B Baxter","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100363","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100363"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized Nutrition and the Regulatory Framework – Moving Forward","authors":"Andrew A Bremer","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100383","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100383","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100383"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspective: Challenges for Personalized Nutrition in the Current United States Regulatory Framework and Future Opportunities","authors":"Sharon M Donovan ,&nbsp;Mariette Abrahams ,&nbsp;Joshua C Anthony ,&nbsp;Robert Bergia ,&nbsp;Gil Blander ,&nbsp;Tristin D Brisbois ,&nbsp;Anna-Sigrid Keck ,&nbsp;Edwin G Moore ,&nbsp;Timothy A Morck ,&nbsp;Kristin M Nieman ,&nbsp;Jose M Ordovas ,&nbsp;Alison Steiber ,&nbsp;Barbara L Winters ,&nbsp;Thuyvan Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Personalized nutrition (PN) aims to provide tailored dietary recommendations to improve a person’s health outcomes by integrating a multitude of individual-level information and supporting desired behavior changes. The field is rapidly evolving with technological advances. As new biomarkers are discovered, wearables and other devices can now provide up-to-the-minute insights, and artificial intelligence and machine learning models support recommendations and lifestyle behavior change. Advancements in the field enhance the potential for tailored and effective programs but raise important questions regarding user safety, security, health, transparency, and privacy. The Personalized Nutrition Initiative at the University of Illinois held the workshop, “Challenges for Personalized Nutrition in the Current United States Regulatory Framework and Future Opportunities,” to address regulatory implications of current PN programs, future innovation within the current framework, and existing complexities of oversight. A majority of PN programs combine multiple components, and these components may need to be regulated differently. The areas of food, supplements, in vitro diagnostics, and medical and wellness devices were described and discussed as they apply to PN programs. The speakers and discussants concluded that regulatory guidance for PN programs should focus on ensuring <em>1</em>) safety and accuracy of the tests and devices, <em>2</em>) credentialed and skilled experts develop the advice, <em>3</em>) responsible and clear communication of information and benefits, <em>4</em>) substantiation of scientific claims, and <em>5</em>) procedures are implemented to protect user privacy. Furthermore, as this field incorporates new devices, biomarkers, behavior-based tools, and the integration of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the need to adapt the existing regulatory framework was also considered. Working closely with regulatory bodies is required and should be an opportunity to provide users with transparency, build trust, and create a source of differentiation for PN innovators.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 100382"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Scoping Review of Artificial Intelligence for Precision Nutrition","authors":"Xizhi Wu ,&nbsp;David Oniani ,&nbsp;Zejia Shao ,&nbsp;Paul Arciero ,&nbsp;Sonish Sivarajkumar ,&nbsp;Jordan Hilsman ,&nbsp;Alex E Mohr ,&nbsp;Stephanie Ibe ,&nbsp;Minal Moharir ,&nbsp;Li-Jia Li ,&nbsp;Ramesh Jain ,&nbsp;Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Yanshan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100398","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100398","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in precision nutrition rapidly expanding, a scoping review on recent studies and potential future directions is needed. This scoping review examines: <em>1</em>) the current landscape, including publication venues, targeted diseases, AI applications, methods, evaluation metrics, and considerations of minority and cultural factors; <em>2</em>) common patterns in AI-driven precision nutrition studies; and <em>3</em>) gaps, challenges, and future research directions. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) process, we extracted 198 articles from major databases using search keywords in 3 categories: precision nutrition, AI, and natural language processing. The extracted literature reveals a surge in AI-driven precision nutrition research, with ∼75% (<em>n</em> = 148) published since 2020. It also showcases a diverse publication landscape, with the majority of studies focusing on diet-related diseases, such as diabetes and cardiovascular conditions, while emphasizing health optimization, disease prevention, and management. We highlight diverse datasets used in the literature and summarize methodologies and evaluation metrics to guide future studies. We also emphasize the importance of minority and cultural perspectives in promoting equity for precision nutrition using AI. Future research should further integrate these factors to fully harness AI’s potential in precision nutrition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100398"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are Reproducible Dietary Patterns Consistently Associated With Disease Outcomes or Their Drivers in Italy? A Systematic Review","authors":"Rachele Bianco ,&nbsp;Monica Ferraroni ,&nbsp;Michela C Speciani ,&nbsp;Maria Parpinel ,&nbsp;Valeria Edefonti","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100397","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100397","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The strength, direction, and trend of associations between specific diseases and reproducible a posteriori dietary patterns (DPs) based on principal component analysis (PCA) or exploratory factor analysis (EFA) have rarely been investigated across populations. We conducted a systematic review of PCA/EFA-based DPs identified in Italy to explore 2 methodological issues: <em>1</em>) cross-study reproducibility of Italian DPs; <em>2</em>) consistency of associations between reproducible DPs and the same/similar disease outcomes/DP drivers/correlates. The systematic review process and findings on DP cross-study reproducibility were published separately. This paper focuses on associations, summarizing the data in figures and tables, with post-hoc criteria for similarity among target variables, statistical methods, and adjustment for confounding. Predefined rules of inference were used to evaluate selected Hill’s causal criteria (consistency, strength, and dose–response effects) and draw valid scientific conclusions on the association between PCA/EFA-based DPs and similar/the same target variables. Fifty-two articles, primarily on EFA-based DPs derived from food frequency questionnaires, were included. Regression models were used to explore the relationships between DPs and disease outcomes/DP drivers, aligning with original research questions, study designs, and literature on confounding. When considering similar target variables, 9 groups of reproducible DPs showed &gt;50% statistically significant associations in the same direction across 1–3 groups of target variables, such as socioeconomic characteristics, incidence of chronic diseases, overall/cause-specific mortality, cardiovascular disease risk factors, pregnancy/breastfeeding-related and elderly-related outcomes. Groups targeting dairies/sweets and vegetable sources of fats showed &gt;50% nonsignificant findings across all similar target variables. Overall, 54% of findings were nonsignificant. When considering the same target variable, the median number of DPs per group was equal to 2 (interquartile range: 2–2.5). Together with population comparability issues, this prevented us from reliably performing any meta-analyses. At this stage, valid scientific conclusions cannot be drawn to inform Italian nutritional recommendations.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as registration number CRD42022341037.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100397"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) Evidence Update: Comparative Effectiveness of Dietary Programs for Reducing Mortality and Cardiovascular Events in Adults with Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk","authors":"Zahra Esmaeilinezhad ,&nbsp;Gabriel Torbahn ,&nbsp;Bradley C Johnston","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Health services question</h3><div>In adults with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, as compared with minimal intervention, what is the most effective dietary program intervention, with or without pharmacological management, physical activity, and behavioral support cointerventions, for reducing risk of early mortality and major cardiovascular events based on the best available systematic review and network meta-analyses of randomized clinical trials (RCTs)?</div></div><div><h3>Bottomline</h3><div>Based on 40 RCTs evaluating 7 dietary programs, moderate certainty evidence suggests that Mediterranean dietary programs (for example, high in vegetables, fruits, extra virgin olive oil, nuts, legumes, and fish), accompanied by varying cointerventions including pharmacological management (for example, statins), physical activity and behavioral support (for example, nutrition education, smoking cessation, and stress management), were superior to minimal interventions for reducing risk of all cause [1.7% absolute risk reduction (ARR)], cardiovascular mortality (1.3% ARR), stroke (0.7% ARR), and myocardial infarction (1.7% ARR) in patients with established CVD risk factors (for example, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or a previous cardiovascular event) over a 5-y period. Results from randomized trials with food provisions (for example, extra virgin olive oil, mixed nuts, primarily walnuts) among those living in Mediterranean regions had the largest treatment effects. Similarly, moderate certainty evidence demonstrated that low-fat dietary programs (for example, 20–30% total fat, &lt;10% saturated fat, and high in fish, vegetables, and fruits together with varying cointerventions) were superior to minimal intervention for reducing all-cause mortality (0.9% ARR) and myocardial infarction (0.7% ARR) based on trials conducted in Mediterranean, North American, and Northern European regions. Network metaregression did not detect statistically significant differences in estimates when controlling for the presence of pharmacological management, physical activity, and behavioral support.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143532243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption or Placement in Foster Care and Catch-up in Linear Growth and Development: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Participant Data","authors":"Jef L Leroy ,&nbsp;Moira Donahue Angel ,&nbsp;Edward A Frongillo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability of children to recover from linear growth retardation, often referred to as catch-up growth, has intrigued researchers for many decades. Whether adoption from a low-income to a high-income setting, which provides a comprehensive improvement in the conditions that cause children to not grow well, leads to catch-up growth is unknown. We estimated the association of adoption (or placement in foster care) with catch-up in linear growth and child development before 5 y of age. We conducted a 2-stage meta-analysis using individual participant data for linear growth. We obtained study-specific and subgroup estimates and pooled the estimates using random-effects models. Sensitivity analyses were used to assess the robustness of our findings. A review of child-development outcomes was conducted. We included 485 children under 5 y of age from 9 adoption studies. At baseline, children had a mean age of 15.8 mo and a length deficit of 3.9 cm. Adoption reduced this gap by 77% or 3.0 cm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9, 4.1 cm; mean age: 32.3 mo). Catch-up growth was found in both girls (3.6 cm; 95% CI: 2.9, 4.2 cm) and boys (2.5 cm; 95% CI: 1.9, 3.1 cm) and in children adopted after the age of 24 mo (2.2 cm; 95% CI: 0.6, 3.7 cm). The sensitivity analyses did not change any of the substantive findings. The magnitude of catch-up in child development (mean reduction in deficit of 46%) was smaller than that in linear growth. Catch-up in linear growth in children under 5 is biologically possible when the environment is improved profoundly and comprehensively. Partial reversal of the accumulated height deficit is more likely than recovery in developmental outcomes, which highlights the need to ensure all children grow and develop in environments that prevent deficits from occurring rather than trying to correct them.</div><div>This review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022298715 (<span><span>https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPEROFILES/298715_PROTOCOL_20220429.pdf</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143494856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Status as a Risk Factor for Tuberculosis Infection","authors":"Norah Tabsh ,&nbsp;John P. Bilezikian","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D is a principal regulator of bone and mineral metabolism. Recent data have provided evidence that vitamin D is a polyfunctional hormone with actions that extend beyond its classical role as a nutrient for bone and mineral metabolism. These additional actions include its potential role to prevent infections and autoimmunity. This review will focus on the relationship between vitamin D and infections, specifically on tuberculosis (TB). The literature review was conducted on PubMed using the search terms “Vitamin D” and “Tuberculosis.” As one of the most resilient infectious microorganisms on the planet, TB remains a public health concern because of the emergence of resistant strains, the burden, and side effects of treatment. Vitamin D plays an important role in the innate immune system that is the first line of defense against TB infection. Although there appears to be pathophysiological interplay between vitamin D and TB, more research is necessary to determine with certainty the extent of this relationship. Social determinants of health including population density, income, poverty, public assistance, unemployment, and education also play a role in estimating the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and the burden of TB. This review explores the interplay between vitamin D and TB through factors including the immune system and social determinants of health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143477152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses on Consumption of Different Food Groups and Risk of All-cause Mortality","authors":"Anindita Tasnim Onni ,&nbsp;Rajiv Balakrishna ,&nbsp;Matteo Perillo ,&nbsp;Marco Amato ,&nbsp;Elaheh Javadi Arjmand ,&nbsp;Lise M Thomassen ,&nbsp;Antonello Lorenzini ,&nbsp;Lars T Fadnes","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100393","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100393","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Consumption of different food groups is linked to a range of health outcomes. It is essential to integrate the most reliable evidence regarding intake of different food groups and risk of mortality to optimize dietary guidance. Our aim is to systematically and comprehensively assess the associations between the consumption of various food groups and all-cause mortality. The food groups under consideration include edible grains (refined and whole grains), fruits, vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish and fish products, eggs, dairy products/milk, meat and meat products (including processed meat, unprocessed red and white meat), sugar-sweetened beverages, and added sugars. We present these associations with high compared with low consumption and per serving comparisons. We comprehensively and systematically reviewed a search in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos (PROSPERO: CRD42024498035), identifying 41 meta-analyses involving over a million participants, many of which showed significant heterogeneity. Of the 41 studies, 18 were rated high quality, 8 moderate quality, 5 low quality, and 10 critically low quality according to AMSTAR-2 assessments. Our findings revealed that higher consumption of nuts, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, and fish was associated with lower mortality rates, both in high compared with low comparisons and per serving analyses. Similarly, we observed favorable outcomes for legumes and white meat in high compared with low comparisons. Conversely, high intakes of red and processed meats, as well as sugar-sweetened beverages, were linked to higher all-cause mortality. Dairy products and refined grains did not show clear associations with mortality, whereas there was a tendency in all-cause mortality for high intakes of added sugars and eggs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 100393"},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}