Advances in Nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Study Design Complexity and Participant Completion in Dietary Trials for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Metaresearch Study","authors":"Laura Gregersen ,&nbsp;Caroline Moos ,&nbsp;Zainab Hikmat ,&nbsp;Nathalie Fogh Rasmussen ,&nbsp;Sofie Ronja Petersen ,&nbsp;Berit Lilienthal Heitmann ,&nbsp;þórhallur Ingi Halldórsson ,&nbsp;Vibeke Andersen ,&nbsp;Robin Christensen","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dietary intervention trials in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are difficult to implement due to poor adherence, despite their increasing importance for disease management. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate completion rates of dietary intervention trials recruiting patients with IBD and assess completion rate associations with trial design features. We systematically searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid) and CINAHL (EBSCO) databases on 13 May, 2024 for randomized controlled trials examining dietary or macronutrient supplementary intake effects in patients with IBD, excluding enteral and parenteral nutrition trials. The flow of participants and prespecified trial design features were extracted. Completion rates by study arm were estimated using a multilevel mixed-effects model. Covariates were assessed via metaregression and presented as a forest plot. For each study, the risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration appraisal tool (RoB2) for randomized trials and randomized cross-over trials. Three main risk of bias (RoB) domains (selection and detection biases) were associated with the completion rate. These were included to explore potential biases in the reported information. In total, 62 trials comprising 122 study arms and 3523 participants were included. The overall pooled completion rate was 0.84 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.80, 0.87] with lower rates of completion in trials published within the last 10 y. Low completion rates were associated with fecal sampling (0.75, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.00), study duration of 4–8 wk (0.79, 95% CI: 0.40, 1.00), and having a low RoB in the management of missing data (0.74, 95% CI: 0.34, 1.00). Overall, the completion rates of patients with IBD participating in controlled dietary intervention trials was high, and there was &lt;15% variation in completion rates in relation to trial design. No linear correlation with trial duration was found. The most pronounced association with low completion was a comprehensive intervention content, i.e., fecal sampling.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO CRD42022327783.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100614"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food and Drug Administration Expert Panel on Infant Formula “Operation Stork Speed” June 2025: Part 3, Marketing of Infant Formulas, Breastfeeding Support, Hypoallergenic Formulas, and Nutrition for Preterm Infants","authors":"Steven A Abrams ,&nbsp;James Thomas Brenna ,&nbsp;Roger Clemens ,&nbsp;Valeria C Cohran ,&nbsp;Nan Du ,&nbsp;Andrea Gilbaugh ,&nbsp;Michael I Goran ,&nbsp;Analeise Guild ,&nbsp;John A Kerner Jr. ,&nbsp;Thomas B Knudsen ,&nbsp;Sushma Krishna ,&nbsp;Timothy Sentongo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The United States formula industry uses aggressive marketing strategies that exploit parental anxieties, undermine breastfeeding, and violate ethical international standards, all of which contribute to early formula introduction and disparities in breastfeeding. In addition, misleading or complex labeling contributes to caregiver and provider confusion regarding the content of formulas. A centralized, Food and Drug Administration–maintained database of infant formulas could support caregivers and healthcare professionals in countering misinformation and making evidence-based decisions. Human milk remains the reference standard for infant nutrition, with strong evidence supporting its role in reducing morbidity and mortality, especially in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Despite this, disparities persist in breastfeeding rates, particularly among Black and Hispanic mothers. These are driven by structural barriers, including lack of paid parental leave and inadequate lactation support. Donor human milk (DHM) is the recommended alternative for high-risk infants in the NICU when the mother’s own milk is unavailable. However, due to lack of federal funding and oversight, high cost and inconsistent insurance coverage, the use of DHM is limited, especially in safety-net hospitals. Specialized hypoallergenic and metabolic formulas are essential for managing medical conditions including cow’s milk–protein allergy and inborn errors of metabolism. These are regulated as exempt formulas but must meet rigorous clinical standards. In the NICU, adequate early nutrition for preterm infants is crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality and improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Human milk fortifiers are composed of similar ingredients to infant formula and are used to improve the nutritional content of feedings given in the NICU and postdischarge. The use of live biotherapeutic products or probiotics as additives to preterm infants has been demonstrated in multiple studies to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis, late-onset sepsis, and all-cause mortality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food and Drug Administration Expert Panel on Infant Formula “Operation Stork Speed” June 2025: Part 2, Regulatory and Safety Considerations","authors":"Steven A Abrams ,&nbsp;James Thomas Brenna ,&nbsp;Roger Clemens ,&nbsp;Valeria C Cohran ,&nbsp;Nan Du ,&nbsp;Andrea Gilbaugh ,&nbsp;Michael I Goran ,&nbsp;Analeise Guild ,&nbsp;John A Kerner Jr. ,&nbsp;Thomas B Knudsen ,&nbsp;Sushma Krishna ,&nbsp;Timothy Sentongo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Operation Stork Speed was launched to modernize infant formula oversight after 2022 shortages and other evidence of supply chain and safety issues. Current Food and Drug Administration (FDA) processes to regulate formulas are at times slow and complex, making it difficult for new formulas to enter the market. One key pathway to adding bioactive substances or other compounds to infant formula is via the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) route. GRAS and food additive pathways require safety data, but food additive petitions require more safety information and cannot be marketed until FDA approval is granted. Concern has been expressed about the safety of the formula related to the possible presence of toxic substances in the formula. Heavy metals, perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and other toxins can be found in formulas, and infants can be at increased risk of effects. United States lacks enforceable limits, unlike the European Union, Canadian, and Australian counterparts. To enhance the regulatory environment for infant formula, legislative updates, supply chain transparency, and alignment with global safety standards are needed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100584"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146031755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review on the Impact of Donor Characteristics and Donor Milk Handling on Infant Health and Growth","authors":"Daniel Klotz ,&nbsp;Agnieszka Bzikowska-Jura ,&nbsp;Marzia Giribaldi ,&nbsp;Magdalena Babiszewska-Aksamit ,&nbsp;Tanya Cassidy ,&nbsp;Laura Cavallarin ,&nbsp;Serena Gandino ,&nbsp;Karolina Karcz ,&nbsp;Chiara Peila ,&nbsp;Carolyn Smith ,&nbsp;Bartłomiej Walczak ,&nbsp;Aleksandra Wesołowska","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global recommendations advocate the conditional use of donor human milk (DHM), yet evidence on the influence of donor characteristics and DHM treatment on premature infants’ health and growth is lacking. This study aimed to compare clinical outcomes of infants fed standard DHM compared with modified DHM-based on predefined variations. We performed a systematic review searching 14 databases alongside clinical trial registries, up to 8 March, 2024. Any study designs, but case or animal studies, conference proceedings, reviews, and gray literature were included. Findings were synthesized narratively and in tables. Of 14,979 screened studies, 14 met inclusion criteria comparing clinical effects of DHM from mothers who gave birth prematurely compared with at term, DHM that was treated with high-temperature pasteurization methods compared with standard holder pasteurization, and concentrated or homogenized DHM compared with standard DHM. Our analysis revealed a significant paucity of clinical data for several interventions and a complete lack of evidence for most of our research questions, indicating insufficient evidence to support the clinical use and efficacy of the aforementioned interventions. We found substantial evidence gaps in understanding how DHM treatments influence health and growth in premature infants. Research prioritizing clinical outcomes is essential to guide milk-banking policies.</div><div>The protocol was registered on PROSPERO as CRD42024522015.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100609"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146776996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food and Drug Administration Expert Panel on Infant Formula “Operation Stork Speed” June 2025: Part 1, Nutrient Considerations","authors":"Steven A Abrams ,&nbsp;James Thomas Brenna ,&nbsp;Roger Clemens ,&nbsp;Valeria C Cohran ,&nbsp;Nan Du ,&nbsp;Andrea Gilbaugh ,&nbsp;Michael I Goran ,&nbsp;Analeise Guild ,&nbsp;John A Kerner Jr. ,&nbsp;Thomas B Knudsen ,&nbsp;Sushma Krishna ,&nbsp;Timothy Sentongo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100583","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Operation Stork Speed, launched by the Food and Drug Administration in March 2025, represents a comprehensive initiative to update infant formula regulations that have remained largely unchanged since the 1980s. This expert panel review addresses recommendations for nutrients considering 4 decades of accumulated scientific evidence. Current Food and Drug Administration fatty acid regulations specify only total fat content and minimum linoleic acid requirements, despite substantial international consensus on polyunsaturated fatty acid specifications. Evidence strongly supports establishing maximum linoleic acid concentrations and docosahexaenoic acid and arachidonic acid requirements, reflecting the critical role of omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids in neurocognitive development and visual acuity. The panel emphasizes that saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids comprise over 80% of human milk fatty acids, while acknowledging recent concerns about seed oils and supporting balanced PUFA formulations. Carbohydrate composition presents significant concerns, as over half of United States formulas contain glucose polymers (e.g., corn syrup solids) despite lactose being the primary carbohydrate energy source in human milk. Observational studies have linked corn syrup-based formulas to multiple potential health risks, including excess weight gain, warranting reconsideration of the value of non-lactose carbohydrate substitutions in formulas for healthy children. Protein content recommendations support decreasing the upper range of allowable intake, aligning with European standards and addressing concerns about excessive protein intake contributing to later obesity risk. Micronutrient evaluation reveals the need to reduce the iron content in routine formulas, consistent with European Food Safety Authority recommendations and emerging safety data, and a need to set upper limits for the concentration of calcium and phosphorus. Overall, infant formula is a healthy product that has been successfully feeding infants for many decades. These comprehensive updates aim to more closely align United States infant formula regulations with current scientific understanding and international standards while supporting optimal infant growth, development, and long-term health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100583"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146020739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of Food Classification Systems and Assessing Diet Quality","authors":"Andrea Krenek,&nbsp;Christopher D Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100596","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100596"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrition 2026 – Join The Global Nutrition Community in Washington D.C. (USA), July 25-28","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100637"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147710446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human-Identical Milk Oligosaccharides in Infant Formula: How Close Are We to Evidence-Based Benefit?","authors":"Yarden Golan","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100612","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 4","pages":"Article 100612"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147357782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Translating Science to Improve Health—a Report from the “Agriculture and Diet: Value Added for Nutrition, Translation, and Adaptation in a Global Ecology” (ADVANTAGE) Project Working Group 5","authors":"Donald Rose ,&nbsp;Wendi Gosliner ,&nbsp;Jennifer J Otten ,&nbsp;Christina A Roberto ,&nbsp;Selena Ahmed ,&nbsp;Patrick Webb ,&nbsp;Daniel J Raiten ,&nbsp;Jessica Fanzo","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transforming food systems to improve health amidst accelerating climate and environmental change is a critical global challenge. This paper addresses the imperative and complexity of translating scientific evidence into actionable policies and practices at the climate-food-health nexus. We propose a conceptual and operational framework grounded in ecological systems thinking, highlighting the interdependencies across biological, social, and economic domains. Drawing on existing translational science models from public health, environmental health, and convergent food systems research, we distill 5 core principles for effective translation: <em>1</em>) integration of transdisciplinary evidence across scales; <em>2</em>) early and sustained engagement with policymakers, practitioners, and affected communities; <em>3</em>) contextually nuanced application of evidence; <em>4</em>) systematic identification of tradeoffs, conflicts of interest, and unintended consequences; and <em>5</em>) strategic communication that bridges knowledge and action. To illustrate these principles, we analyze 5 case studies spanning local, national, and global contexts. Each illustrates the pragmatic and political dimensions of evidence translation, including stakeholder alignment, data infrastructure, and institutional leadership. This paper underscores the need for adaptive governance, cross-sectoral convergence, and innovative implementation science to advance food systems that are resilient, equitable, and sustainable. Our recommendations are intended to inform researchers, decision-makers, and practitioners seeking to enact evidence-informed change in dynamic sociopolitical environments and diverse food systems contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145907199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digestible and Metabolizable Energy Intake in Humans: a Systematic Review","authors":"Eiichi Yoshimura ,&nbsp;Naoya Oi ,&nbsp;Kanon Abe ,&nbsp;Yuki Nishida","doi":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.advnut.2026.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding digestible energy intake (DEI) and metabolizable energy intake (MEI) is essential for elucidating human energy balance. The absolute of DEI refers to gross energy intake minus fecal energy loss (EL), whereas MEI further accounts for urinary EL. This systematic review aimed to synthesize the findings from studies that utilized bomb calorimetry to measure DEI and/or MEI (PROSPERO CRD42021230982). Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (via PubMed), the Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Scopus were searched for articles published between January 1973 and July 2024. Human studies (adults aged ≥18 y) were included without restrictions on study design. Data were descriptively summarized according to dietary conditions, including overeating, undereating, high-fiber diets, tree nut intake, time-restricted eating (TRE), medication use, and disease status. Twenty-three studies were included. Overeating generally increased absolute fecal ELs; however, proportional DEI and MEI remained relatively stable, suggesting adaptive responses. High-fiber diets and tree nut intake consistently lowered the proportions of DEI and MEI, indicating that dietary composition affects energy absorption efficiency. Results for TRE were inconsistent, with 1 study showing increased fecal EL and another reporting no significant changes. Aging and disease, particularly short bowel syndrome and home parenteral nutrition dependence, were associated with markedly reduced proportions of DEI and MEI. Despite methodological variability across studies, this review highlighted that both dietary quantity and composition significantly influence energy absorption. Furthermore, limited evidence suggested that aging and diseases impair energy absorption. Future studies using standardized protocols and randomized controlled trials are warranted to clarify the determinants of DEI and MEI across diverse populations.</div><div>This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42021230982.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7349,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Nutrition","volume":"17 3","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":9.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146144822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}