Frontiers in dental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Current insights on the genetics and mechanisms of MSX1-associated cleft palate.","authors":"A C Myo, R Raju, J O Piña, P Chattaraj, M Furukawa","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1610223","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1610223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cleft palate, a common congenital anomaly, is characterized by a failure of the palatal shelves to fuse during embryogenesis, resulting in an opening between the oral and nasal cavities. This malformation not only affects facial aesthetics but also significantly impacts speech, feeding, and hearing, necessitating multidisciplinary care from birth through adulthood. The etiology of cleft palate is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Among the numerous genes implicated, Msx1 plays a pivotal role in palatal development. As a transcription factor, Msx1 regulates mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, processes crucial for proper palatal shelf elevation and fusion. Disruptions in Msx1 expression or function have been directly linked to cleft palate through both animal and human studies, highlighting its significance in palatogenesis. This review focuses on the role of Msx1 in cleft palate, providing a comprehensive overview of its functions and the molecular mechanisms through which it influences palatal development. We examine recent research findings, including studies on Msx1 mutations, signaling pathways, and gene-environment interactions, to elucidate the complex relationship between Msx1 and cleft palate. Moreover, advancing research could establish Msx1 as a fundamental target in the creation of innovative therapeutic strategies for craniofacial disorders. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of Msx1's role in cleft palate and pave the way for future research and clinical advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1610223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12277318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the severity of gingival inflammation and microbial findings in children.","authors":"Hristina Tankova","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1638435","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1638435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The oral cavity is home to hundreds of distinct microbial species, and specific periodontal pathogens are isolated from different ecological niches. Present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of gingival inflammation and the presence of subgingival microorganisms in children with dental biofilm induced gingivitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 30 children aged 12-14 years, divided into two groups based on the extent of gingival inflammation: <b>Group I</b>-16 children with BOP up to 30%; <b>Group II</b>-14 children with BOP over 30%. All children were interviewed to assess oral hygiene habits. Clinical examination was performed using an electronic periodontal probe, and the following were recorded: oral hygiene status (FMPS) and gingival status through BOP and SBI. For quantitative assessment of subgingival periodontopathogens, a genetic method - PCR-Real Time was used, and the following microorganisms were examined: <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcus micros</i>, <i>Fusobacterim nucleatum</i>, <i>Eubacterium nodatum</i>, <i>Capnocytophaga gingivalis</i>. The critical significance level for testing the null hypothesis was set at <i>α</i> = 0.05, corresponding to a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of children showed improper oral hygiene habits. Children with generalized gingival inflammation had significantly higher plaque accumulation index values compared to those with localized inflammation. In children with generalized gingival inflammation, the quantities of all isolated periodontopathogens were higher compared to those with localized inflammation, which was also confirmed regarding the overall microbial load. <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> was not isolated in children with localized gingival inflammation, while <i>T. denticola</i> was isolated in significantly lower quantities compared to generalized inflammation. <i>P. intermedia</i> and <i>P. micros</i> were isolated in significantly higher quantities in more severe gingival inflammation. In children with localized gingival inflammation, combinations of an average of 2 microorganisms were found in microbial complexes, while in children with generalized inflammation, microorganisms were twice as many and in more complex combinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The microbial diversity within the subgingival biofilm significantly increases with disease severity, providing further evidence for the critical role of microbial ecology in the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1638435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Innovative dental biomaterials for advancing oral health care.","authors":"Abdulrahman A Balhaddad, Mary Anne S Melo, Zuhair S Natto","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1643992","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1643992","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1643992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of enamel matrix derivative on periodontal tissue regeneration: a narrative review.","authors":"Chenyang Xiang, Linglin Zhang, Enfu Tao","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1611402","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1611402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive research has demonstrated that enamel matrix derivative (EMD) facilitates periodontal tissue regeneration, enabling the genuine regeneration of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Its clinical formulation, Emdogain, is currently employed in the treatment of alveolar bone defects resulting from periodontitis, as well as in dental implantation and tooth replantation procedures. This review aims to synthesize recent findings on the application of EMD in periodontology, with a particular emphasis on its efficacy in addressing alveolar bone defects, peri-implantitis, and related conditions. Furthermore, this review examines the influence of EMD on the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts. It also assesses the secretion of various growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), collagen type 1 (COL-1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OCN). Additionally, the review seeks to identify the optimal concentration for EMD application. Collectively, the studies reviewed herein suggest that EMD significantly enhances the proliferation and differentiation of relevant cellular components. The optimal concentration of EMD varies by environment and cell type. In minimally invasive periodontal surgery for intrabony defects, EMD enhances periodontal health, gingival recession coverage, and bone filling. It also benefits open-flap debridement and non-surgical treatments. However, EMD offers no extra benefits for Class II furcation defects. In treating gingival recession with coronally advanced flap (CAF) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), EMD significantly boosts root coverage, but not with the modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique or the semilunar coronally advanced flap. EMD's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties reduce inflammation around implants. This review indicates that EMD shows potential for periodontal regeneration, but more randomized clinical trials are necessary to assess its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1611402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory study on reattachment of vertical root fractures using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin.","authors":"Huiying Li, Tong Wang, Jing Fu, Jinghan Guo, Zhimin Fang, Keqing Pan, Haiping Xu","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1593189","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1593189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reattachment of root fragments with appropriate adhesive materials is expected to be the last conservative treatment for preserving teeth with vertical root fractures (VRFs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the biocompatibility of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin for root repair, compared with iRoot BP Plus, Fuji IX GIC, and Clearfil SA Luting. Fracture resistance and microleakage of the reattached roots were also tested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The biocompatibility of set materials was evaluated on L929 fibroblasts. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, live/dead cells staining and flow cytometry were used to assess cell biocompatibility. VRFs were created in bovine teeth, which were then reattached with set materials (excluding iRoot BP Plus). For the fracture resistance test, the roots were vertically fractured through the root canals (<i>n</i> = 20). The fracture resistance was compared with sound roots (control group) and fracture patterns were observed under a microscope. Microleakage was also tested on the reattached roots (<i>n</i> = 10). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. The significance level was set at <i>α</i> = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clearfil SA Luting group exhibited the highest cytotoxicity. The other test materials had acceptable cytotoxicity, not exceeding Grade 1 [relative growth ratio (RGR) > 75%] in CCK-8. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of viable cells exposed to 4-META/MMA-TBB resin displayed no significant difference compared with iRoot BP Plus (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The root fracture resistances reattached using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin and Clearfil SA Luting were higher than that by Fuji IX GIC, but lower than those of the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The difference between the two resin groups was statistically insignificant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). As for the microleakage, 4-META/MMA-TBB resin group had the shortest penetration depth, whereas Fuji IX GIC group showed the longest penetration (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>4-META/MMA-TBB resin had acceptable cell biocompatibility for root repair, similar to iRoot BP Plus. It can provide good fracture resistance and excellent sealing effect for reattaching treatment of VRFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1593189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated classification of midpalatal suture maturation using 2D convolutional neural networks on CBCT scans.","authors":"Mahshid Nik Ravesh, Nazila Ameli, Manuel Lagravere Vich, Hollis Lai","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1583455","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1583455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate assessment of midpalatal suture (MPS) maturation is critical in orthodontics, particularly for planning treatment strategies in patients with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD). Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides detailed imaging suitable for MPS classification, manual interpretation is often subjective and time-consuming.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a lightweight two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN) for the automated classification of MPS maturation stages using axial CBCT slices. A retrospective dataset of CBCT images from 111 patients was annotated based on Angelieri's classification system and grouped into three clinically relevant categories: AB (Stages A and B), C, and DE (Stages D and E). A 9-layer CNN architecture was trained and evaluated using standard classification metrics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved a test accuracy of 96.49%. Class-wise F1-scores were 0.95 for category AB, 1.00 for C, and 0.95 for DE. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) scores were 0.10 for AB, 0.62 for C, and 0.98 for DE. Lower AUC values in the early and transitional stages (AB and C) likely reflect known anatomical overlap and subjectivity in expert labeling.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that the proposed 2D CNN demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in classifying MPS maturation stages from CBCT images. Its compact architecture and strong performance suggest it is suitable for real-time clinical decision-making, particularly in identifying cases that may benefit from surgical intervention. Moreover, its lightweight design makes it adaptable for use in resource-limited settings. Future work will explore volumetric models to further enhance diagnostic reliability and confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1583455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic dental age estimation in adolescents via oral panoramic imaging.","authors":"Ze Li, Ning Xiao, Xiaoru Nan, Kejian Chen, Yingjiao Zhao, Shaobo Wang, Xiangjie Guo, Cairong Gao","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1618246","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1618246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Object: </strong>In forensic dentistry, dental age estimation assists experts in determining the age of victims or suspects, which is vital for legal responsibility and sentencing. The traditional Demirjian method assesses the development of seven mandibular teeth in pediatric dentistry, but it is time-consuming and relies heavily on subjective judgment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study constructed a largescale panoramic dental image dataset and applied various convolutional neural network (CNN) models for automated age estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Model performance was evaluated using loss curves, residual histograms, and normal PP plots. Age prediction models were built separately for the total, female, and male samples. The best models yielded mean absolute errors of 1.24, 1.28, and 1.15 years, respectively.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings confirm the effectiveness of deep learning models in dental age estimation, particularly among northern Chinese adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1618246"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Report: A comprehensive digital workflow to enhance predictability and precision with fixed dental prostheses in the posterior region.","authors":"Isabela Toser, Andrei-Bogdan Faur, Anca-Elena Anghel-Lorinți, Anca Jivănescu","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1625405","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1625405","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This clinical report presents a full digital protocol for prosthetic rehabilitation following the bilateral loss of maxillary first molars. The aim of the study was to explore the integration of advanced digital technologies, including intraoral scanning, facial scanning, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and digital occlusal analysis, into a comprehensive treatment protocol for the fabrication of fixed partial dental prostheses. A key focus was on evaluating the precision of occlusal equilibration using digital occlusal analysers in conjunction with conventional articulating paper. While the design was sent to a dental laboratory for fabrication, the workflow demonstrated efficiency, minimal invasiveness, and a high degree of predictability in achieving both functional and aesthetic outcomes, mostly manageable in a chair-side manner. The results showed that most occlusal contacts translated successfully from virtual planning to the intraoral environment; however, some discrepancies were noted, which could be attributed to the absence of certain motion data in the digital workflow. The integration of digital occlusal analysis was essential in identifying and adjusting premature contacts, contributing to improved patient comfort and occlusal stability. The study highlights the potential of a fully digital workflow in modern prosthodontics, emphasizing its role in achieving more predictable outcomes, enhancing clinical efficiency, and reducing the need for post-cementation adjustments. Future research should explore.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1625405"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12234521/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of pulpal changes in periodontitis patients using CBCT: a volumetric analysis.","authors":"Ammar Almarghlani, Reem A Alsahafi, Fatimah K Alqahtani, Yousef Alnowailaty, Mohammed Barayan, Ameerah Aladwani, Amr Bokhari","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1549281","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1549281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Evidence suggests that periodontal disease can lead to inflammation and degeneration within dental pulp, highlighting the need for dental professionals to understand this association better.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective for this study was to establish a correlation between pulp volume and periodontal disease using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study design was employed for the collected data from 148 patients aged 39.51 years using dental images obtained by CBCT and analyzed by medical software to create three-dimensional (3D) images. Pulp-volume analysis was performed using Amira software and measurements were derived using bio-models generated from CBCT images. Obtained data was analyzed using SPSS-27 statistical software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean pulp volume between healthy and teeth with periodontitis showed certain differences. The mean low and largest pulp volumes of 9.15 ± 3.3 mm³ and 15.24 ± 4.2 mm³ were observed involving teeth # 41 and teeth # 13, respectively. Furthermore, a higher mean of pulp volume was observed in healthy teeth than in periodontitis-diagnosed teeth except for teeth # 33 and 43. The significant difference (<i>p</i> < 0.05) was easily detected involving teeth # 22, 23, 11, and 13. However, the lowest difference, with non-significant difference (<i>p</i> > 0.05), involving teeth # 43, 31, and 33 was observed.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The study's findings underscore a significant correlation between periodontitis and reduced pulp volume, suggesting that periodontal inflammation may influence pupal remodeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1549281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12222284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Digital technology for oral health care and dental education.","authors":"Kunaal Dhingra, Prabhat Kumar Chaudhari, Jitendra Sharan, Anand Marya, Dian Jing","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1641791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1641791","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1641791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12213532/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144556072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}