Frontiers in dental medicine最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Class II elastics on lower incisors during treatment with clear aligners vs. fixed appliance: a randomized clinical trial.","authors":"Giuseppina Laganà, Arianna Malara, Roberta Lione, Patrizio Bollero, Paola Cozza","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1613037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1613037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyze the inclination of the lower incisor in patients with Class II malocclusion treated with elastics and clear aligners compared to a group wearing the same elastics and fixed appliance.</p><p><strong>Trial design: </strong>Prospective two-arms parallel group randomized clinical trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A sample of 40 patients (19M and 21F), mean age 15.4 ± 1.8 years, was collected from the Department of Orthodontics at Policlinico Tor Vergata (Rome), and was randomly divided in two groups: Invisalign clear aligner group (AG), which consisted of 20 subjects (8M, 12F) and multibracket fixed appliance group (MBG), composed by 20 patients (9M, 11F). The subjects were selected according to inclusion criteria: full permanent dentition (excluding third molars), Class II molar relationship (2.5-4 mm), no history of orthodontic treatment. For each participant of the study, dental and aesthetic measurements, both millimeter and angular were performed on the lateral cephalogram at time T0 (before treatment) and time T1 (after 18 months of treatment).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the short term (T1-T0 = 18 months), the analysis of the results showed no statistically significant changes in all evaluated parameters (IMPA, L1/A-Pg, Md1-TVL, LLA-TVL, <i>p</i> > 0.05). Therefore, there were no statistically significant change in the inclination of the lower incisors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The use of Class II elastics in AG group showed a better control of the lower incisors' inclination, compared to the MBG group. Therefore, aligners represent a good alternative in the correction of mild Class II malocclusion in cases where the lower incisors proclination is undesirable.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number: NCT06832475).</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1613037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12286962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144710113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease: umbrella review.","authors":"Heber Isac Arbildo-Vega, Fredy Hugo Cruzado-Oliva, Franz Tito Coronel-Zubiate, Rubén Aguirre-Ipenza, Joan Manuel Meza-Málaga, Sara Antonieta Luján-Valencia, Eduardo Luján-Urviola, Adriana Echevarria-Goche, Carlos Alberto Farje-Gallardo, Tania Belú Castillo-Cornock, Katherine Serquen-Olano, Tania Padilla-Cáceres, Luz Caballero-Apaza","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1635200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fdmed.2025.1635200","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and periodontal disease (PD) are both chronic conditions with rising global prevalence. Emerging research suggests a possible link between PD-induced systemic inflammation and neurodegeneration observed in AD.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Employ an umbrella review to look into the association between periodontal disease and Alzheimer's disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A comprehensive search was conducted until March 2025 across various electronic databases, including: PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SciELO, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ProQuest, and OpenGrey, and Dissertations and Theses. There were no time or language restrictions on the inclusion of systematic reviews (SR), with or without meta-analysis, as long as they looked at primary research that connected PD and AD. The following were excluded: preclinical and fundamental research, summaries, comments, case reports, protocols, personal opinions, letters, posters, literary or narrative reviews, fast reviews, intervention studies, and observational studies. The quality and general confidence of the included studies were evaluated using the AMSTAR-2 technique.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 358 items were found following the first search. 16 articles were left for additional review after the selection criteria were applied. With odds ratios (OR) and risk ratios (RR) ranging from 1.67 to 2.17 and 1.11 to 2.26, respectively, 14 studies showed a correlation between PD and AD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Drawing from the findings and conclusions of the SR demonstrating a high overall confidence, it's established that PD and tooth loss exhibit an association with AD.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>Registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/GS367.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1635200"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12283705/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144700524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Salivary gland transcriptomic analysis and immunophenotyping in the IL-14α transgenic mouse model of Sjögren's disease.","authors":"Lucas T Woods, Kimberly J Jasmer, Kevin Muñoz Forti, Alex Kearns, Gary A Weisman","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1612522","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1612522","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sjögren's disease (SjD) is a systemic autoimmune disorder primarily affecting the exocrine glands and characterized by dry mouth and dry eye, the presence of anti-SSA and/or anti-SSB autoantibodies in blood serum, and chronic lymphocytic infiltration of salivary and lacrimal glands (<i>i.e.</i>, sialadenitis and dacryoadenitis, respectively). In addition to reduced quality of life, SjD patients experience severe oral health complications and are at increased risk of developing B cell lymphoma. Because current SjD treatments primarily focus on oral and ocular symptom management, identifying initiating factors and mechanisms of disease progression may offer new therapeutic insights for SjD. The interleukin-14α transgenic (IL-14αTG) mouse model of SjD recapitulates many aspects of human SjD, including progressive sialadenitis, loss of salivary gland function, and development of B cell lymphoma. We utilized immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, bulk RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomic analyses to identify immune cell subpopulations and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in submandibular glands of IL-14αTG Sjögren's-like mice and age-matched C57BL/6 mouse controls. We further compared the gene ontology of DEGs in IL-14αTG mice to DEGs identified in minor salivary gland biopsies from SjD patients and healthy volunteers. Results demonstrated significantly increased sialadenitis in IL-14αTG compared to C57BL/6 mice that correlated with an increased proportion of marginal zone B cells infiltrating the submandibular gland. Whole transcriptome analyses showed substantial overlap in enriched DEG ontology between IL-14αTG mouse submandibular gland and SjD patient minor salivary gland, compared to C57BL/6 mice and healthy human volunteer controls, respectively. Lastly, we spatially resolved DEG expression and localization within IL-14αTG salivary glands, marking the first publication of a spatial transcriptomic dataset from submandibular glands in a SjD mouse model.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1612522"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12279800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Full-Digital Manni Telescopic Herbst: structural innovation and digital manufacturing.","authors":"Andrea Boggio, Mauro Cozzani, Fabrizio Anelli, Giorgio Gastaldi, Antonio Manni","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1639784","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1639784","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Skeletal Class II malocclusion, commonly characterized by mandibular retrusion, affects a significant portion of the population and presents challenges in orthodontic correction. The Herbst Appliance has long been used for mandibular advancement, but traditional designs often lead to undesirable dental side effects and mechanical complications. This paper introduces the structural innovation and digital manufacturing of Full Digital Manni Telescopic Herbst (MTH) Appliance, a structurally innovative and digitally manufactured system aimed at enhancing clinical outcomes and reducing treatment failures.</p><p><strong>Materials and equipment: </strong>Utilizing a fully digital workflow, including CAD/CAM design, intraoral scanning, and additive manufacturing, the MTH appliance integrates a full-coverage mandibular splint, digitally designed and precision-engineered maxillary and mandibular components.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The clinical implementation of the MTH appliance demonstrates excellent fit and high mechanical reliability, reducing lower incisor proclination and offering a proper vertical control. Complications such as debonding or fractures can be significantly reduced and digital reproducibility allows for fast component replacement when needed.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusion: </strong>This design improves skeletal correction by enhancing anchorage, minimizing lower incisor proclination, and allowing precise vertical and sagittal control. The digital workflow not only improves fabrication accuracy and patient comfort but also facilitates easy component replacement and reduced chairside time. The MTH appliance sets a new benchmark in Class II treatment, blending digital precision with biomechanical effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1639784"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12277251/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current insights on the genetics and mechanisms of MSX1-associated cleft palate.","authors":"A C Myo, R Raju, J O Piña, P Chattaraj, M Furukawa","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1610223","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1610223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cleft palate, a common congenital anomaly, is characterized by a failure of the palatal shelves to fuse during embryogenesis, resulting in an opening between the oral and nasal cavities. This malformation not only affects facial aesthetics but also significantly impacts speech, feeding, and hearing, necessitating multidisciplinary care from birth through adulthood. The etiology of cleft palate is complex, involving both genetic and environmental factors. Among the numerous genes implicated, Msx1 plays a pivotal role in palatal development. As a transcription factor, Msx1 regulates mesenchymal cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, processes crucial for proper palatal shelf elevation and fusion. Disruptions in Msx1 expression or function have been directly linked to cleft palate through both animal and human studies, highlighting its significance in palatogenesis. This review focuses on the role of Msx1 in cleft palate, providing a comprehensive overview of its functions and the molecular mechanisms through which it influences palatal development. We examine recent research findings, including studies on Msx1 mutations, signaling pathways, and gene-environment interactions, to elucidate the complex relationship between Msx1 and cleft palate. Moreover, advancing research could establish Msx1 as a fundamental target in the creation of innovative therapeutic strategies for craniofacial disorders. By synthesizing current knowledge, this review aims to provide a deeper understanding of Msx1's role in cleft palate and pave the way for future research and clinical advancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1610223"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12277318/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144683729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between the severity of gingival inflammation and microbial findings in children.","authors":"Hristina Tankova","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1638435","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1638435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The oral cavity is home to hundreds of distinct microbial species, and specific periodontal pathogens are isolated from different ecological niches. Present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of gingival inflammation and the presence of subgingival microorganisms in children with dental biofilm induced gingivitis.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The study included 30 children aged 12-14 years, divided into two groups based on the extent of gingival inflammation: <b>Group I</b>-16 children with BOP up to 30%; <b>Group II</b>-14 children with BOP over 30%. All children were interviewed to assess oral hygiene habits. Clinical examination was performed using an electronic periodontal probe, and the following were recorded: oral hygiene status (FMPS) and gingival status through BOP and SBI. For quantitative assessment of subgingival periodontopathogens, a genetic method - PCR-Real Time was used, and the following microorganisms were examined: <i>Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans</i>, <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>, <i>Treponema denticola</i>, <i>Tannerella forsythia</i>, <i>Prevotella intermedia</i>, <i>Peptostreptococcus micros</i>, <i>Fusobacterim nucleatum</i>, <i>Eubacterium nodatum</i>, <i>Capnocytophaga gingivalis</i>. The critical significance level for testing the null hypothesis was set at <i>α</i> = 0.05, corresponding to a 95% confidence level.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of children showed improper oral hygiene habits. Children with generalized gingival inflammation had significantly higher plaque accumulation index values compared to those with localized inflammation. In children with generalized gingival inflammation, the quantities of all isolated periodontopathogens were higher compared to those with localized inflammation, which was also confirmed regarding the overall microbial load. <i>A. actinomycetemcomitans</i> was not isolated in children with localized gingival inflammation, while <i>T. denticola</i> was isolated in significantly lower quantities compared to generalized inflammation. <i>P. intermedia</i> and <i>P. micros</i> were isolated in significantly higher quantities in more severe gingival inflammation. In children with localized gingival inflammation, combinations of an average of 2 microorganisms were found in microbial complexes, while in children with generalized inflammation, microorganisms were twice as many and in more complex combinations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The microbial diversity within the subgingival biofilm significantly increases with disease severity, providing further evidence for the critical role of microbial ecology in the pathogenesis of gingival inflammation in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1638435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267162/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial: Innovative dental biomaterials for advancing oral health care.","authors":"Abdulrahman A Balhaddad, Mary Anne S Melo, Zuhair S Natto","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1643992","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1643992","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1643992"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12267267/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress of enamel matrix derivative on periodontal tissue regeneration: a narrative review.","authors":"Chenyang Xiang, Linglin Zhang, Enfu Tao","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1611402","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1611402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extensive research has demonstrated that enamel matrix derivative (EMD) facilitates periodontal tissue regeneration, enabling the genuine regeneration of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Its clinical formulation, Emdogain, is currently employed in the treatment of alveolar bone defects resulting from periodontitis, as well as in dental implantation and tooth replantation procedures. This review aims to synthesize recent findings on the application of EMD in periodontology, with a particular emphasis on its efficacy in addressing alveolar bone defects, peri-implantitis, and related conditions. Furthermore, this review examines the influence of EMD on the proliferation and differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, osteoblasts, and fibroblasts. It also assesses the secretion of various growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), collagen type 1 (COL-1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin (OCN). Additionally, the review seeks to identify the optimal concentration for EMD application. Collectively, the studies reviewed herein suggest that EMD significantly enhances the proliferation and differentiation of relevant cellular components. The optimal concentration of EMD varies by environment and cell type. In minimally invasive periodontal surgery for intrabony defects, EMD enhances periodontal health, gingival recession coverage, and bone filling. It also benefits open-flap debridement and non-surgical treatments. However, EMD offers no extra benefits for Class II furcation defects. In treating gingival recession with coronally advanced flap (CAF) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG), EMD significantly boosts root coverage, but not with the modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique or the semilunar coronally advanced flap. EMD's anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties reduce inflammation around implants. This review indicates that EMD shows potential for periodontal regeneration, but more randomized clinical trials are necessary to assess its effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1611402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256556/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144638859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory study on reattachment of vertical root fractures using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin.","authors":"Huiying Li, Tong Wang, Jing Fu, Jinghan Guo, Zhimin Fang, Keqing Pan, Haiping Xu","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1593189","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1593189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Reattachment of root fragments with appropriate adhesive materials is expected to be the last conservative treatment for preserving teeth with vertical root fractures (VRFs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study evaluated the biocompatibility of 4-META/MMA-TBB resin for root repair, compared with iRoot BP Plus, Fuji IX GIC, and Clearfil SA Luting. Fracture resistance and microleakage of the reattached roots were also tested.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The biocompatibility of set materials was evaluated on L929 fibroblasts. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, live/dead cells staining and flow cytometry were used to assess cell biocompatibility. VRFs were created in bovine teeth, which were then reattached with set materials (excluding iRoot BP Plus). For the fracture resistance test, the roots were vertically fractured through the root canals (<i>n</i> = 20). The fracture resistance was compared with sound roots (control group) and fracture patterns were observed under a microscope. Microleakage was also tested on the reattached roots (<i>n</i> = 10). Results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the Tukey test. The significance level was set at <i>α</i> = 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Clearfil SA Luting group exhibited the highest cytotoxicity. The other test materials had acceptable cytotoxicity, not exceeding Grade 1 [relative growth ratio (RGR) > 75%] in CCK-8. Flow cytometry showed that the proportion of viable cells exposed to 4-META/MMA-TBB resin displayed no significant difference compared with iRoot BP Plus (<i>P</i> > 0.05). The root fracture resistances reattached using 4-META/MMA-TBB resin and Clearfil SA Luting were higher than that by Fuji IX GIC, but lower than those of the control group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The difference between the two resin groups was statistically insignificant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). As for the microleakage, 4-META/MMA-TBB resin group had the shortest penetration depth, whereas Fuji IX GIC group showed the longest penetration (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>4-META/MMA-TBB resin had acceptable cell biocompatibility for root repair, similar to iRoot BP Plus. It can provide good fracture resistance and excellent sealing effect for reattaching treatment of VRFs.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1593189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12245879/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated classification of midpalatal suture maturation using 2D convolutional neural networks on CBCT scans.","authors":"Mahshid Nik Ravesh, Nazila Ameli, Manuel Lagravere Vich, Hollis Lai","doi":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1583455","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fdmed.2025.1583455","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Accurate assessment of midpalatal suture (MPS) maturation is critical in orthodontics, particularly for planning treatment strategies in patients with maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD). Although cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides detailed imaging suitable for MPS classification, manual interpretation is often subjective and time-consuming.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study aimed to develop and evaluate a lightweight two-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN) for the automated classification of MPS maturation stages using axial CBCT slices. A retrospective dataset of CBCT images from 111 patients was annotated based on Angelieri's classification system and grouped into three clinically relevant categories: AB (Stages A and B), C, and DE (Stages D and E). A 9-layer CNN architecture was trained and evaluated using standard classification metrics and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The model achieved a test accuracy of 96.49%. Class-wise F1-scores were 0.95 for category AB, 1.00 for C, and 0.95 for DE. Area under the ROC curve (AUC) scores were 0.10 for AB, 0.62 for C, and 0.98 for DE. Lower AUC values in the early and transitional stages (AB and C) likely reflect known anatomical overlap and subjectivity in expert labeling.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>These findings indicate that the proposed 2D CNN demonstrates high accuracy and robustness in classifying MPS maturation stages from CBCT images. Its compact architecture and strong performance suggest it is suitable for real-time clinical decision-making, particularly in identifying cases that may benefit from surgical intervention. Moreover, its lightweight design makes it adaptable for use in resource-limited settings. Future work will explore volumetric models to further enhance diagnostic reliability and confidence.</p>","PeriodicalId":73077,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in dental medicine","volume":"6 ","pages":"1583455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12241142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}