Energy advances最新文献

{"title":"A review on mitigating thermal runaway propagation in battery packs: from mechanisms to modeling and design optimization","authors":"Yiyue Jiang, Yuan Jiang and Pingfeng Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5YA00351B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5YA00351B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Thermal runaway (TR) in modern lithium-ion battery packs is a critical safety concern due to its potential to cause fires or explosions. When a single cell experiences TR, the intense heat and exothermic reactions can rapidly propagate to neighboring cells, leading to thermal runaway propagation (TRP) at the module or pack level. This review provides a comprehensive examination of TR and TRP, spanning from fundamental mechanisms through advanced modeling techniques to practical mitigation measures and pack-level design optimization strategies. We first delineate the chemical and thermal mechanisms that initiate TR and govern cell-to-cell propagation. We then review state-of-the-art modeling methods, from reduced-order analytical models to detailed 3D multiphysics simulations, as well as emerging data-driven models that predict the onset and propagation of TR events. The strengths and limitations of these modeling approaches are compared in the context of safety prediction. Finally, we discuss current TRP mitigation strategies and emphasize safety-conscious design optimization for battery packs. By integrating improved thermal management, protective materials, and optimized pack architecture, the review highlights how design optimization can minimize propagation risks. Through this holistic approach, the article offers insights to guide researchers in developing next-generation battery packs with enhanced safety and resilience against TR.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 777-809"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d5ya00351b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solid-state prealkylation of electrode architectures to tune solid electrolyte interphase composition†","authors":"Amanda L. Musgrove, Ankit Verma, Marco-Tulio F. Rodrigues, Evelyna Wang, Baris Key, Anton Grabo-Tomich, Christopher S. Johnson, Robert L. Sacci, Steven Lam, Harry M. Meyer, Andrew M. Colclasure, Beth L. Armstrong and Gabriel M. Veith","doi":"10.1039/D6YA00065G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA00065G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Efficient electrochemical cycling of certain Si anodes is limited by irreversible Li consumption to form and continually reform the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) due to Si expansion/contraction and fracture. Prelithiation can compensate for these losses; however, the starting open circuit potential (<em>V</em><small>_OC</small>) becomes highly reducing and, therefore, the electrolyte reduction chemistry that influences the SEI composition can change. Herein, we compare SEI formation for electrodes prelithiated using Solid State Prealkylation of Electrode Architectures (SPEAR) <em>versus</em> traditional electrochemically lithiated architectures (ECLAR), focusing on SEI compositional changes as a function of stoichiometry (0.28 ≤ <em>x</em> ≤ 1.38 in Li<small>_<em>x</em></small>Si). Increasing SPEAR prelithiation decreased the initial <em>V</em><small>_OC</small> of Si anodes <em>vs</em>. Li/Li<small>⁺</small> from ∼3 V (Li<small>_0.28</small>Si) to &lt; 0.5 V for Li<small>_1.38</small>Si, enabling simultaneous competitive reduction of EC, EMC, and LiPF<small>₆</small> at low potentials. <em>Ex situ</em><small>⁷</small>Li and <small>²⁹</small>Si cross-polarization NMR and XPS reveal that SPEAR drives thicker SEI formation with substantially increased P/F contributions and a predominantly inorganic insoluble SEI (71.4% inorganic for Li<small>_1.38</small>Si), consistent with accelerated LiPF<small>₆</small>-derived PO<small>_<em>x</em></small>/LiPF<small>_<em>x</em></small>/LiF formation relative to ECLAR analogs which exhibit carbonate-rich organic SEI compositions. Symmetric-cell EIS further indicates SPEAR-specific impedance features consistent with pore reduction (filling) during Li<small>_<em>x</em></small>Si formation. In full cells, SPEAR prelithiation increases the initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) and accelerates SEI formation and stabilization with Li<small>_1.38</small>Si reaching 99.4% coulombic efficiency (CE) by cycle 2.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 866-876"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya00065g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithium-ion uptake on lithium manganese oxide soft and bare electrodes","authors":"S. Orozco-Barrera, J. A. Lirio Piñar, C. Kök, G. R. Iglesias, A. V. Delgado, V. Presser and S. Ahualli","doi":"10.1039/D6YA00009F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA00009F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Lithium is a critical resource for high-energy batteries and emerging energy storage technologies. Conventional extraction methods, such as solar evaporation of brines, are energy-intensive and environmentally harmful, highlighting the need for sustainable alternatives. Here, we present an electrochemical strategy for selective lithium recovery using a hybrid intercalation-based electrochemical cell that exploits the unique properties of lithium manganese oxide (LMO). Unlike traditional carbon-based electrodes, LMO features a spinel crystal structure that enables reversible Li<small>⁺</small> intercalation under controlled potentials, providing intrinsic ion selectivity. To improve durability and performance, the LMO electrode was functionalized with the anionic polyelectrolyte poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). At the same time, the activated carbon counter-electrode was coated with the cationic polyelectrolyte poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC). Experiments in single-salt (LiCl) and mixed-salt (LiCl + NaCl) systems, including highly asymmetric brines, reveal that Li<small>⁺</small> uptake strongly depends on the applied cell voltage, reaching values above 40 mg g<small>⁻¹</small> at 1.2 V. The PSS coating is expected to mitigate Mn dissolution and alters desorption dynamics, favoring Na<small>⁺</small> release while maintaining Li<small>⁺</small> selectivity. These results demonstrate the potential of LMO-based hybrid electrodes for energy-efficient lithium recovery from complex saline environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 877-888"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya00009f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tailoring MMn2O4 spinels anchored on nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide for high performance bifunctional water splitting","authors":"Madakannu Iyyappan, Ayyavu Shankar, Govindan Maduraiveeran and K. K. R. Datta","doi":"10.1039/D6YA00052E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA00052E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Developing highly efficient, durable, and low-cost oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrodes remains a key barrier that needs to be overcome for producing green H<small>₂</small> through alkaline water electrolysis (AWE). A series of transition metal cation-substituted manganese oxides (M–Mn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>, where M = Co, Cu, Fe, and Zn) over nitrogen-doped rGO (N–rGO) nanosheet (M–Mn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@N–rGO) heterostructures have been developed using a facile solvothermal strategy. Among the tested compositions, the FeMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@N–rGO heterostructures exhibited superior OER catalytic activity, with an overpotential (<em>η</em>) of ∼330 mV at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> along with stability over 96 h in 1 M KOH. In addition to OER activity, the FeMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@N–rGO heterostructure exhibited better hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance, achieving an overpotential of 153 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>. The coexistence of Fe<small>³⁺</small>/Fe<small>²⁺</small> and Mn<small>³⁺</small>/Mn<small>⁴⁺</small> redox couples provides multiple electron transfer pathways during water splitting. When assembled as a bifunctional electrode for overall water splitting (FeMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@N–rGO as both the anode and cathode), the system delivers a cell voltage of 1.57 V at 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>, with operational stability over 10 h. The robust spinel framework and strong metal–support interactions confirm that FeMn<small>₂</small>O<small>₄</small>@N–rGO is a viable electrocatalyst for AWE systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 824-834"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya00052e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aqueous polypyrrole : carboxymethyl cellulose conducting binder for graphite electrodes in lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Anh Ngoc Tram Mai and Christian Kuss","doi":"10.1039/D6YA00042H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA00042H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), polymeric binders are utilized to ensure the mechanical integrity of composite electrodes and facilitate ion transport. Compared to conventional fluoropolymers, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), water-processable polymers are advantageous from both ecological and economic standpoints. Aqueous sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) and its composites with elastomers have been established as fluorine-free alternatives to conventional fluorinated binders in lithium intercalation anodes. Unlike the low polarity PVDF, CMC possesses functional groups (–COOH and –OH) that can strengthen interactions with other materials through hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding. CMC is also cost-effective, water-soluble, and biodegradable. To create a multifunctional binder with CMC and eliminate the need for conductive additives, our group previously synthesized conductive CMC composites by using CMC as a dopant in polypyrrole (PPy). As a conducting polymer in its oxidized form, it provides good conductivity and thermal and environmental stability. In this study, we report, for the first time, the application of PPy : CMC as a conducting binder in graphite anodes. Cycling stability, rate capability, and interfacial/charge transfer resistance were evaluated with galvanostatic cycling, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Degradation mechanisms and by-products were studied, and electrode morphology and homogeneity were characterized. It was found that although PPy : CMC is partially reduced under anode operating conditions, this does not adversely affect long-term battery cyclability. These findings establish PPy : CMC as a viable multifunctional binder for graphite anodes and provide new insight into the binder's behavior, laying the groundwork for its application in next-generation high-energy-density LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 846-854"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya00042h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction: Unveiling the Potential of Bimetallic Nanocomposites for Sustainable Energy Generation and Electro-catalytic Water-Splitting","authors":"Abdul Waheed, Arfa Ashraf, Arooj Hashmi and Ali Hassan","doi":"10.1039/D6YA90014C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA90014C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Retraction of ‘Unveiling the Potential of Bimetallic Nanocomposites for Sustainable Energy Generation and Electro-catalytic Water-Splitting’ by Abdul Waheed <em>et al.</em>, <em>Energy Adv.</em>, 2025, Accepted Manuscript, https://doi.org/10.1039/D5YA00177C.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 766-766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya90014c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogen systems for a circular and low-carbon economy","authors":"Kentaro Umeki and Sebastian Fendt","doi":"10.1039/D6YA90008A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA90008A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 775-776"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya90008a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-coated niobium tungsten oxides as new and efficient anode materials for Na-ion batteries","authors":"Y. Bhaskara Rao, Katta Vamsi Krishna and C. André Ohlin","doi":"10.1039/D5YA00374A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5YA00374A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB)-type niobium–tungsten oxides are very interesting anode candidates for Na-ion battery applications due to their compositional flexibility, structural stability and large open-tunnel networks, which enable fast ion transport and pseudo capacitive behaviour. The present work introduces two TTB-type niobium tungstate anode materials, namely Nb<small>₁₈</small>W<small>₁₆</small>O<small>₉₃</small> (Nb dominant) and Nb<small>₇</small>W<small>₁₀</small>O<small>₄₇</small> (W dominant), prepared by a one-step hydrothermal method followed by low-temperature calcination at 800 °C. Furthermore, the low inherent electronic conductivity of the anode materials is effectively enhanced by incorporating the active materials with a carbon matrix to improve Na<small>⁺</small>-ion transport and storage. The presence of uniform carbon-coating surrounding the active particles in both materials is confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images. At a current density of 10 mA g<small>⁻¹</small>, carbon-coated Nb<small>₁₈</small>W<small>₁₆</small>O<small>₉₃</small> (NWO) delivered a higher reversible capacity of 163.95 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> compared to that of carbon-coated Nb<small>₇</small>W<small>₁₀</small>O<small>₄₇</small> (WNO) (127.55 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small>). Interestingly, the WNO material showed remarkable cycling stability over 420 cycles, at a current density of 100 mA g<small>⁻¹</small>, recording a higher capacity retention of 81%, compared to NWO (69%). The promising electrochemical performance of the materials is related to structural defects, specific surface areas, charge transfer resistances during charge/discharge cycles and Na<small>⁺</small>-ion diffusion coefficients. Thus, the current work introduces niobium tungsten oxides as new and efficient anode candidates for sodium ion battery technology, and also enables safe, economical, and long-cycling Na-ion batteries, ultimately supporting the transition toward more sustainable energy technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 855-865"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d5ya00374a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel vanadium–titanium redox flow battery with a mixed electrolyte approach","authors":"Chivukula Kalyan Sundar Krishna and Yansong Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D6YA00067C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA00067C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Redox flow batteries (RFBs) enable independent scaling of energy and power, making them a suitable candidate for grid-scale energy storage solutions. However, the market is currently dominated by vanadium RFBs, which are prone to extreme price volatility. To reduce the inherent material costs while retaining the efficiencies, the study investigates a novel vanadium–titanium RFB using (i) a separate, acid-based system (V<small>₂</small>O<small>₅</small> + H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small> catholyte, and TiCl<small>₃</small> + HCl anolyte) (system-1), (ii) a premixed acid-based electrolyte at 0% state of charge (system-2), and (iii) an ionic-liquid-based premixed electrolyte comprising [Bmim]Cl + VCl<small>₃</small> and its titanium counterpart (system-3). Several physical and electrochemical characterization studies were performed, such as viscosity and density measurements from 298 to 333 K, cyclic voltammetry tests, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to establish a stable redox window for V(IV/V) and Ti(III/IV) in the presence of an ionic-liquid. In galvanostatic cycling with a SPEEK membrane, system-1 delivers coulombic efficiency (CE) greater than 98%, at 10–20 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>, with an energy density of 24.53 Wh L<small>⁻¹</small>. System-2 (premixed acid) retains the CE%, while the voltage efficiency (VE) drops by 10%. The results demonstrated that premixing at 0% SOC effectively limits the crossover in V–Ti RFBs, while optimization of proton donors and the inclusion of additives are necessary to enhance the nominal discharge potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 835-845"},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya00067c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148268536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Advances 2025 Outstanding Papers","authors":"None","doi":"10.1039/D6YA90009G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6YA90009G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 606-609"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2026/ya/d6ya90009g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147978761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}