Energy advances最新文献

{"title":"Lithiation mechanism of sulfur surfaces during discharge of Li–S batteries from quantum chemical calculations†","authors":"Jonas Lührs, Daniel Sebastiani and Pouya Partovi-Azar","doi":"10.1039/D5YA00050E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5YA00050E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We present a computational study based on quantum-chemical calculations to investigate the initial lithiation reactions on the (001) surface of α-sulfur. The study aims to explore the possible emerging structures during consecutive lithiation steps and to analyze their reaction enthalpies. Our results show that during the first lithiation reactions, S<small>₈</small> rings in the lower layers of the (001) surface are preferentially lithiated. In subsequent lithiation steps, we find that S<small>₈</small> rings on the upper layers, adjacent to previously lithiated molecules, may also undergo lithiation. Once Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₈</small> dimers are formed, further reactions on the surface can proceed, leading to the formation of Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₈</small> trimers in a lower/upper/lower layer arrangement or lower-order Li-polysulfides, such as Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₆</small>/Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₂</small> and Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₅</small>/Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₃</small>. Notably, in contrast to sulfur reduction reactions in the electrolyte, the formation of Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₄</small>/Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₄</small> does not occur on the (001) surface, likely due to the surface morphology, which prevents complete exposure of S<small>₈</small> rings to lithium ions. This suggests that surface lithiation predominantly leads to the formation of high-order polysulfides in the early stages of discharge, while the dissolution of these higher-order polysulfides into the electrolyte may facilitate their reduction to Li<small>₂</small>S<small>₄</small>, a process observed experimentally. Our study provides an atomistic mechanism for the discharge process of Li–S batteries with a crystalline α-sulfur cathode, contributing to a deeper understanding of both solid- and liquid-phase reactions during the early discharge stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 788-795"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d5ya00050e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interface engineering strategies for enhanced electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction","authors":"Manjinder Singh, Dasu Ram Paudel, Hayoung Kim, Tae Hyeong Kim, Jaejun Park and Seunghyun Lee","doi":"10.1039/D5YA00022J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5YA00022J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Producing hydrogen as a clean and sustainable fuel source requires an in-depth understanding of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), which plays a pivotal role in energy conversion processes. Recently, significant interest has been expressed in utilizing transition-metal-based nanomaterials as potential electrocatalysts for the HER owing to their exceptional electrical properties, versatile surface chemistry, and robust catalytic activity. These nanomaterials could enhance the efficiency of hydrogen production when carefully engineered at the interface level. Interface engineering has emerged as a critical strategy for optimizing the surface and interfacial characteristics of nanomaterials, thereby improving their catalytic efficiency. This review provides a comprehensive and detailed overview of the various aspects of interface engineering in the context of transition metal-based nanomaterial electrocatalysts specifically tailored for the HER. The fundamental characteristics of interfaces are described and their role in influencing catalytic performance is emphasized. Key factors, such as atomic arrangements, grain boundaries, and surface imperfections, are explored to better understand their impact on catalytic activity. A range of innovative interface engineering techniques have been used to enhance the catalytic performance of nanomaterial-based electrocatalysts. The techniques include the creation of heterostructures that allow for improved charge separation and enhanced catalytic sites, development of core–shell architectures that can protect active sites while optimizing their accessibility, and manipulation of phase transitions to achieve desirable catalytic properties. Additionally, alloying techniques and the incorporation of single-atom catalysts, which are methods used to fine-tune the electronic and structural attributes of nanomaterials, are discussed. Furthermore, this review highlights recent advancements and prospective pathways in the electrocatalytic processes of the HER and features emerging technologies/methodologies. The review concludes with a thorough discussion of the limitations of nanomaterials, particularly those related to interface stability, scalability, and commercialization of efficient HER electrocatalysts. By providing a detailed examination of the latest innovations and challenges in interface engineering, this paper offers valuable perspectives and guidance for future research and real-world applications aimed at advancing the development of highly efficient electrocatalysts for sustainable hydrogen production.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 716-742"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d5ya00022j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards green mobility: investigating hydrogen-enriched waste plastic biodiesel blends with n-butanol for sustainable diesel engine applications†","authors":"Ganesan S., Thiruselvam K., Jayavelu S. and Sravanth Chandaka","doi":"10.1039/D5YA00002E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5YA00002E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study examines the performance of pyrolyzed waste plastic biodiesel (WPO) in a compression ignition engine when combined with <em>n</em>-butanol and enriched hydrogen (H<small>₂</small>). Initially, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste underwent conversion into waste plastic biodiesel <em>via</em> a pyrolysis thermochemical process. Experiments were conducted to evaluate blends consisting of 30% and 40% waste plastic biodiesel. In order to enhance the physical properties of the WPO, an additive consisting of 5% <em>n</em>-butanol (<em>n</em>But5) was introduced, with the objective of improving combustion performance and minimizing exhaust emissions. Furthermore, enriched hydrogen was delivered to the combustion chamber <em>via</em> the inlet manifold at flow rates of 8 and 10 liters per minute (lpm). The findings indicated that the 40% WPO combined with 5% <em>n</em>-butanol demonstrated combustion properties that are similar to those of traditional diesel fuel. Moreover, the integration of the 40 WPO + <em>n</em>But5 blend with 10 lpm enriched hydrogen resulted in a notable reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 20.89% and an enhancement in brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 8.22%, alongside a decrease in exhaust emissions, which included a reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) by 43.84%, unburned hydrocarbons (UBHC) by 57.8 ppm, and smoke opacity by 14.70%. Nonetheless, there was a notable increase in nitrogen oxide (NO<small>_<em>x</em></small>) emissions, which went up by 236 ppm when compared to conventional diesel fuel.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 6","pages":" 763-775"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d5ya00002e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilute anion alloyed III-nitride nanowires for photoelectrochemical water splitting†","authors":"S. J. Calero-Barney, A. C. Nouduri, A. N. Andriotis, M. Menon and M. K. Sunkara","doi":"10.1039/D4YA00584H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00584H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Dilute anion alloyed III-nitride nanowires exhibited band gap reduction to around 2.4 eV with anion concentrations ranging from 5.6 to 8.8 at% and exhibited photoelectrochemical activity (∼8 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>@10 sun) under AM1.5 visible light. The nanowire electrode also exhibited photoelectrochemical activity using 470 nm wavelength light up to 8.75 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> at 10 sun (470 nm) radiation. The nanowires are grown using a plasma assisted vapor liquid solid (PA-VLS) technique using N<small>₂</small> gas. The anion-alloyed antimony alloyed gallium nitride (GaSb<small>_<em>x</em></small>N<small>_{1−<em>x</em>}</small>) and bismuth alloyed gallium nitride (GaBi<small>_<em>y</em></small>N<small>_{1−<em>y</em>}</small>) wurtzite nanowires were grown using PA-VLS employing gold and copper as metallic seeds on a variety of substrates such as silicon, sapphire, and stainless steel. The PA-VLS technique allowed for increasing the antimony and bismuth incorporation levels with temperature as the dissolution of these species into the metals was favored with growth temperatures. Photoelectrochemical spectroscopy measurements showed light absorption of 620 nm photons in the case of the GaSb<small>_0.056</small>N<small>_0.944</small> sample.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 699-707"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d4ya00584h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ generation of Cu- and Ag–Sn alloys from metal sulfides for CO2 reduction†","authors":"Sebastian A. Sanden, Anne Schmidt, Miłosz Kożusznik, Yannik Haver, Yannick Weidemannn, Kevinjeorjios Pellumbi, Sven Rösler, Kai junge Puring, Andrzej Mikuła and Ulf-Peter Apfel","doi":"10.1039/D4YA00603H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00603H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ag, Cu and Sn based electrocatalysts promise high CO<small>₂</small> reduction kinetics and efficiencies on gas diffusion electrodes. Ag, Cu, Sn sulfide catalysts in particular may offer altered electronic properties and product selectivity, while still being easy to manufacture in scaleable synthesis routes. Comparing the CO<small>₂</small> reduction (CO<small>₂</small>RR) performance of Cu<small>₃</small>SnS<small>₄</small>, Ag<small>₃</small>SnS<small>₄</small>, Cu<small>₂</small>S, SnS and Ag<small>₈</small>SnS<small>₆</small> at 100 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>, formate is found to be the primary CO<small>₂</small>RR product with a faradaic efficiency of 57% for Cu<small>₃</small>SnS<small>₄</small> and 81% for Ag<small>₃</small>SnS<small>₄</small>. Characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of Ag<small>₃</small>Sn and Cu<small>₃</small>Sn alloys from the corresponding sulfide species during CO<small>₂</small>RR. But while the Cu<small>₃</small>Sn based electrode surface decomposed into CuO and SnO after 2 h at −100 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>, metallic Ag<small>₃</small>Sn sites on the corresponding electrode surface could be detected by XPS after removing the surface layer. Using density functional theory, the binding energies of *H, *CO and *OCHO on Cu<small>₃</small>Sn and Ag<small>₃</small>Sn were computed to identify possible catalytic sites. Thereby, Sn was found to render both Cu and Ag highly oxophilic resulting in strong adsorption of carboxylic functionalities, enabling formate production with a partial current density of up to 162 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 657-665"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d4ya00603h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel electrified sorption enhanced reforming process for blue hydrogen production†","authors":"Abdelrahman Mostafa, Alessandra Beretta, Gianpiero Groppi, Enrico Tronconi and Matteo C. Romano","doi":"10.1039/D4YA00540F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00540F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sorption enhanced reforming (SER) is emerging as a promising solution for the deployment of blue hydrogen and offers the flexibility to accommodate future green feedstocks. This study assesses the techno-economic feasibility of implementing electrified reactors for the endothermic sorbent regeneration step in SER-based hydrogen production plants, introducing the novel electrified sorption enhanced reforming (eSER) process. The analysis is conducted by integrating a 1-D dynamic heterogeneous model of an adiabatic fixed bed reactor into a process model of the complete plant. A natural gas-based hydrogen production plant with 30 000 Nm<small>³</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> capacity is considered, simulating five different cases, two of which are advanced plant configurations designed to capture more than 90% of the feed carbon. Evaluating a set of key performance indicators that covers technical, environmental, and economic aspects of the process, these simulated cases are benchmarked against existing studies utilizing conventional and state of the art steam methane reforming with carbon capture technology from the literature. The findings highlight the remarkable performance of eSER, achieving specific electric consumption of 12–14 kW h per kg<small>_{H<small>₂</small>}</small> and natural gas to H<small>₂</small> conversion efficiency exceeding 100% calculated on a chemical energy basis. For the base case configuration, an overall energy efficiency of the eSER process of 74.3% and a CO<small>₂</small> capture rate of 86.3% are computed. For the advanced configurations, energy efficiency of 73.7% and 73.1%, CO<small>₂</small> capture rates of 90.3 and 96.6% and levelized cost of hydrogen of 2.50 and 2.52 € per kg<small>_{H<small>₂</small>}</small> have been obtained.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 624-638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d4ya00540f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in lanthanide-based metal–organic frameworks for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution applications","authors":"Peter Danita Patricia and Rajadurai Vijay Solomon","doi":"10.1039/D4YA00560K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00560K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen is increasingly recognized as a promising clean fuel, offering a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels with water as its only combustion byproduct. Given several hydrogen production methods, photocatalytic water splitting stands out due to its potential for harnessing abundant solar energy to generate hydrogen. Among numerous photocatalysts reported for water-splitting, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) exhibit excellent photocatalytic activity due to their enormous surface area. In this field, lanthanide-based MOFs (Ln-MOFs) have emerged as exceptional photocatalysts due to their unique properties and customizable structures, enhancing light absorption and charge separation. Recent advancements in the development of Ln-MOFs have demonstrated their potential to achieve notable hydrogen evolution rates under solar irradiation, positioning them at the forefront of renewable energy research. The introduction of Ln-MOFs into photocatalytic water-splitting marks a new era with a multitude of exciting possibilities ahead. In this context, a comprehensive overview of the trends and technologies involved in designing and understanding Ln-MOFs for water splitting is essential to developing efficient catalysts with enhanced properties. Here, we focus exclusively on the role of Ln-MOFs in photocatalytic water splitting, providing an in-depth analysis of their photocatalytic performance and stability. This review systematically classifies Ln-MOFs based on modifications in their frameworks, examining how these changes influence their properties and overall efficiency in hydrogen production. The review highlights the progress made in the field while addressing the gaps in current knowledge, particularly in understanding the mechanisms that govern the performance of Ln-MOFs. Moreover, it outlines future directions for enhancing the efficiency and stability of Ln-MOFs in hydrogen production, offering valuable insights that could guide further research. In summary, this review will aid the naïve and young researchers in the MOF domain to gain comprehensive knowledge on the nuances of lanthanide-based Ln-MOFs and appreciate their significant role in developing new technology for H<small>₂</small> production.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 597-623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d4ya00560k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electroactive phase dependent triboelectric nanogenerator performance of PVDF–TiO2 composites†","authors":"Irthasa Aazem, Charchit Kumar, Ryan Walden, Aswathy Babu, Amit Goswami, Steven J. Hinder, Gaurav Khandelwal, Daniel M. Mulvihill, Gerard McGranaghan and Suresh C. Pillai","doi":"10.1039/D4YA00525B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00525B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This investigation explores the impact of the electroactive phase of a well-known tribonegative polymer, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), on its triboelectric behaviour by compositing it with anatase, rutile, and mixed-phase TiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticles. PVDF–TiO<small>₂</small> polymer composite films with TiO<small>₂</small> having different crystalline phases were prepared by spin coating. TENG specimens were fabricated using the prepared films and tested for their TENG properties in contact separation mode by pairing them with ITO-coated PET substrates. The XRD and FT-IR results show that the TiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticles with rutile phase imparted the highest percentage of β crystalline phase in PVDF compared to that of the anatase and mixed phase. The difference in surface roughness of PVDF–TiO<small>₂</small> composites was also observed with the change in the crystalline phase of the incorporated TiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. The TENG studies suggest that the PVDF incorporated with rutile TiO<small>₂</small> shows the highest output voltage (peak–peak ∼105 V at 60 N force) compared to all the other PVDF–TiO<small>₂</small> composites at specified contact forces and frequencies, whereas PVDF incorporated with anatase TiO<small>₂</small> and a mix of anatase and rutile TiO<small>₂</small> showed peak–peak voltages of ∼82 V and ∼33 V respectively. These results offer insights into the crystalline phase-dependent triboelectric behaviour of polymers and the enhancement of their TENG performance through the tuning of polymer crystalline phases using fillers.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 683-698"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d4ya00525b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durable, rate-capable and high-energy hybrid supercapacitor from PANI/ZnO/SnO2 nanocomposite with zero-waste electrolyte approach†","authors":"Aranganathan Viswanathan and Vanchiappan Aravindan","doi":"10.1039/D4YA00617H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00617H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A hybrid supercapacitor material, polyaniline/ZnO/SnO<small>₂</small> of respective weight percentages of 58.34%:8.33%:33.33% (PZnSn), was synthesized by a facile <em>in situ</em> single-step method. Remarkably, the constituent ZnO was synthesized at 90 °C by this method along with the other two constituents in 2 h. This is astonishing because, the synthesis of ZnO generally involves calcination at high temperature for a longer duration. The energy storage performance was evaluated with two aqueous electrolytes: 1 M H<small>₂</small>SO<small>₄</small> (SA) and the liquid by-product that was obtained after the synthesis of PANI (SLP). SLP provided 57.25% higher energy storage performance than that provided by SA. PZnSn showed its durability and rate-capable energy storage property by exhibiting robustness up to 16 500 cycles at 0.4 V s<small>⁻¹</small> and 39 A g<small>⁻¹</small> in the presence of (ITPO) SA and up to 15 000 cycles at 0.4 V s<small>⁻¹</small> and 42 A g<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, ITPO SLP, in a real-time symmetric two-electrode system. PZnSn displayed the remarkable trait of enhancement of energy storage with an increase in the number of charge and discharge cycles ITPO both electrolytes. However, the enhancement provided by SLP is higher than that provided by SA. The maximum performance achieved from PZnSn ITPO SLP is a specific capacity (<em>Q</em>) of 347.2 C g<small>⁻¹</small>, a specific energy (<em>E</em>) of 57.87 W h kg<small>⁻¹</small> (comparable to Ni–Cd batteries) and a specific power (<em>P</em>) of 1.2 kW kg<small>⁻¹</small> at 1 A g<small>⁻¹</small>.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 5","pages":" 666-682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d4ya00617h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144073545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ammonium rich pillararene macrocycle as a heterogeneous catalyst for cyclic carbonate synthesis†","authors":"Khaleel I. Assaf, Feda'a M. Al-Qaisi, Ala'a F. Eftaiha, Abdussalam K. Qaroush, Ahmad M. Ala'mar and Majd M. Al-Fararjeh","doi":"10.1039/D4YA00620H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4YA00620H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The development of efficient catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO<small>₂</small> with epoxides to produce cyclic carbonates (CCs) under mild reaction conditions remains a highly attractive research area. This study presents a trimethyl ammonium-rich pillar[5]arene (<strong>N(Me)<small>₃</small><small>⁺</small>-P5</strong>) macrocycle as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for this reaction. The catalyst design ensures a complementary dual-function mechanism to facilitate the catalytic process. The ammonium groups activate the epoxides, and the bromide ions act as nucleophiles to initiate the ring opening. Optimized reaction conditions using 0.7 mol% catalyst loading and a CO<small>₂</small> balloon at 80 °C, resulted in high CC yields, particularly with sterically unhindered epoxides. Furthermore, <strong>N(Me)<small>₃</small><small>⁺</small>-P5</strong> can be reused for at least five catalytic cycles, demonstrating its potential for sustainable applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72913,"journal":{"name":"Energy advances","volume":" 4","pages":" 530-535"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/ya/d4ya00620h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}