Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans最新文献

{"title":"Summertime Sediment Storage on the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf and Implications for Ice-Sediment Rafting and Shelf Erosion","authors":"E. F. Eidam","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022624","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arctic coastlines are known to be rapidly eroding, but the fate of this material in the coastal ocean (and the sedimentary dynamics of Arctic continental shelves in general) is less well-constrained. This study used summertime mooring data from the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf to study sediment-transport patterns which are dominated by waves and wind-driven currents. Easterly wind events account for most of the seasonal sediment transport, and serve to focus sediment on the inner shelf. This is a key finding because it means that sediment is readily available for wave-driven resuspension and sea-ice entrainment during fall storms. Sediment-ice entrainment has been previously implicated as a major mechanism for Arctic Shelf erosion—and so the summertime focusing of sediment observed in this study may actually serve to enhance shelf erosion rather than promote shelf sediment accumulation. In a pan-Arctic context, the Alaskan Beaufort Shelf is somewhat similar to the Laptev Sea Shelf, where previous work has shown that sediment is also focused during the summer months (but for different reasons related to estuarine-like circulation under the Laptev plume). The Alaskan Beaufort Shelf example contrasts with previous work on the Canadian Beaufort Shelf, where dominant winds from the opposite direction (northwest) likely promote strong seaward dispersal of sediment rather than inner-shelf convergence. This study thus highlights the importance of understanding dominant wind patterns when considering seasonal and inter-annual storage, transport, and erosion of sediments from Arctic continental shelves.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Hidden Predictor of Multi-Year ENSO Predictions Revealed by Deep Learning","authors":"Yipeng Chen,&nbsp;Xianyao Chen,&nbsp;Yishuai Jin,&nbsp;Yingying Zhao,&nbsp;Junyu Dong,&nbsp;Yanhai Gan,&nbsp;Hanwen Bi","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022394","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Data-driven deep learning models (DLMs) can predict the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) up to a year in advance, a capability that traditional physical and statistical models struggle to achieve due to the Spring Predictability Barrier (SPB). However, the specific knowledge that DLMs learn to cross the SPB in ENSO predictions remains unclear. In this study, we propose a non-parametric AI interpretability approach based on the extent to which useful predictable information can be include in data. By strategically reducing the training data sets to the key state required to maintain prediction skill, we uncover the critical knowledge learned by the DLMs and identify the tropical Pacific Ocean mode (TPOM) of Empirical Orthogonal Functions related to subsurface ocean temperature. The coupled ocean-atmosphere dynamics induced by TPOM are beneficial for enhancing ENSO prediction skill beyond 1 year. We integrate physical analysis with the flexibility of deep learning to reveal hidden dynamics, improve ENSO predictions, and demonstrate broad applicability in both climate science and AI interpretability.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144705137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High-Latitude Cabbeling Observations Along the East Greenland Polar Front","authors":"Kevin McGraw,&nbsp;Audrey Morley,&nbsp;Brian Ward","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022567","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cabbeling is the process where water parcels of the same density but different temperatures/salinities combine to form a new parcel of higher density. This can result in a statically stable profile becoming unstable after mixing has occurred. High-latitude cold, fresh, and shallow ocean waters exhibit greater nonlinearity in density dependence on temperature and are prone to cabbeling along fronts. While modeling shows there are important implications of high-latitude cabbeling, harsh polar conditions and the evanescent nature of cabbeling events make direct observations of the small-scale and shifting vertical structure difficult and rare. The East Greenland Polar Front (EGPF), where mixing of cold-fresh Arctic water and warmer-saltier Atlantic water occurs, is a location which has a high potential for cabbeling. Cabbeling-induced density anomalies of up to 0.05 kg m⁻³ within the upper 40 m were observed along the EGPF in 2023. Shallow stratification shows staircase structures within a strong halocline overlaying warm water intrusions, displaying a characteristic “jagged” shape in TS space. Enhanced turbulence was identified in regions where cabbeling instabilities occurred. These observations offer new insight into the vertical and temporal structure of cabbeling in high-latitude environments via rapidly repeated profiling. The observed anomalies align in magnitude and character with previously documented studies, extended here to include shallower observations coupled with shear measurements within frontal zones as identified by sea surface temperature. These findings suggest that cabbeling-induced mixing moderates locally enhanced heat flux, with implications for ice-ocean interaction and the broader high-latitude climate system.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JC022567","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mangrove Vegetation Density and Channel Drainage Density Have Trade-Off Effects on Nature-Based Flood Risk Mitigation in Estuaries","authors":"Ignace Pelckmans,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Belliard,&nbsp;Olivier Gourgue,&nbsp;Luis E. Dominguez-Granda,&nbsp;Stijn Temmerman","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mangrove conservation and restoration have been increasingly recognized as cost-effective and sustainable strategies to mitigate the increasing coastal flood risks. As surge or tidal waves propagate through river deltas and estuaries, mangroves can lower peak water levels by exerting friction on the water flow, which results in within-wetland attenuation of high water levels, and by providing flood storage, resulting in along-channel attenuation. While the impact of channels and vegetation on the friction effect has been studied before, the impact on the storage effect is not. Here we present a hydrodynamic model in a tropical subestuary, calibrated and verified with field observations. Through a scenario analysis, we show that with a denser network of secondary subchannels and less dense vegetation, the storage effect becomes stronger, leading to higher along-channel attenuation. The opposite can be observed for the friction effect: we simulate lower within-wetland attenuation rates in case of higher channel drainage density and lower vegetation density. If 2 km wide mangroves fringe the channels, we found the strongest along-channel attenuation in case of a dense network of secondary subchannels with low vegetation density. In contrast, when the mangrove extent is limited, for instance due the presence of aquaculture, a dense network of channels or sparse vegetation can result in the amplification of peak water levels. Future conservation and restoration efforts should consider this trade-off between within-wetland and along-channel attenuation in order for nature-based flood protection to safeguard both human settlements behind unchanneled wetlands and along deltaic channels fringed by mangroves.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144681221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surface Ice Effects on Water Levels, Wave Dynamics and Wave Runup","authors":"Erdinc Sogut,&nbsp;Alfredo L. Aretxabaleta,&nbsp;Andrew D. Ashton,&nbsp;Deniz Velioglu Sogut,&nbsp;Kara S. Doran,&nbsp;Margaret L. Palmsten","doi":"10.1029/2024JC022216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022216","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface ice-induced changes in hydrodynamics may have significant implications on coastal hazards such as erosion and flooding. The objective of this study was to investigate how Lake Superior's water levels (WLs) and wave dynamics, that is, hydrodynamics, as well as the wave power and wave runup are influenced by the formation of surface ice. This study utilized a coupled circulation and spectral wave model, ADvanced CIRCulation Model (ADCIRC) + Simulating WAves Nearshore (SWAN). In this study, we considered six different ice-on, incorporating either ice thickness or concentration, and one hypothetical ice-free, ignoring any form of ice forcing, scenarios. The impact of surface ice on lake's WLs was found to be fairly insignificant. In contrast, surface ice-induced modifications in wave spectra resulted in smaller significant wave heights but longer peak wave periods. These observations were attributed to less energetic and narrower wave spectra of ice-on models compared to that of the ice-free model. The power loss caused by surface ice in a month was found to have enough capacity to meet the electrical demands of 55–100 households for an entire year in the United States. According to wave runup comparisons of ice-on and ice-free models at different regions, the effect of surface ice on wave runup could potentially exacerbate the adverse effect of coastal flooding by increasing the wave runup more than 20 cm. Such a geographic variation in the wave runup was observed to be influenced by the distance traveled by the waves within the ice field and duration of ice-wave interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC022216","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Ocean Waters in Retreat Episodes of a West Greenland Tidewater Outlet Glacier","authors":"S. D. X. Chua,&nbsp;J. Mortensen,&nbsp;P. Uotila,&nbsp;L. Meire","doi":"10.1029/2024JC022161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022161","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The behavior of tidewater outlet glaciers is critical for understanding the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet. The retreat of these glaciers has far-reaching implications, with impacts ranging from altering local fjord ecosystems to affecting global sea levels. Here, we integrated hydrographic with glaciological parameters to investigate the rapid retreat of Narsap Sermia (NS)—a West Greenland tidewater outlet glacier located near Greenland's largest city, Nuuk. In just 20 years, from 2003 to 2023, NS retreated by 6.7 km with ice discharge volume increasing by 35%–52%, which was more than double the average increase in glacier discharge observed for Greenland Ice Sheet outlet glaciers during the same period. This retreat occurred in three big episodes: 2004–2005, 2010–2012, and 2019–2021. Three main phases were identified during these retreats: a trigger, a cascade, and a stabilization. Each retreat episode was triggered by a surge in subglacial discharge caused by increased meltwater over the Ice Sheet or drainage of ice-dammed lakes. Importantly, warm ocean conditions were necessary to allow these initial retreats to cascade. Stabilization could occur when the terminus eventually settled on more favorable bed topography or if the glacier was in contact with colder oceanic inflows. Based on the pattern established by these past retreats, NS might retreat further for 30 km in a few decades if there is no topographic stabilization. NS thus highlights the role changing ocean temperatures can play in regulating tidewater outlet glacier processes and, consequently, its impacts on local fjord glacial ice cover, eco-hydrology and nearby communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC022161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biophysical Interactions Stimulate the Spring Phytoplankton Bloom in the North Pacific Subtropical Recirculation Gyre","authors":"Chiho Sukigara,&nbsp;Ryuichiro Inoue,&nbsp;Kanako Sato,&nbsp;Yoshihisa Mino,&nbsp;Takeyoshi Nagai,&nbsp;Andrea J. Fassbender,&nbsp;Yuichiro Takeshita,&nbsp;Eitarou Oka","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022718","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although previous studies have found that restratification caused by mixed layer eddies induces early spring blooms near fronts under the nutrient-replete conditions of the subarctic ocean, the genesis of the spring bloom in nutrient-depleted subtropical regions has been unclear. To investigate the biogeochemical responses to changes of ocean dynamics during the spring transition season in the oligotrophic subtropical gyre of the western North Pacific from January to April of 2018, we used two Biogeochemical Argo floats equipped with oxygen, fluorescence (to estimate chlorophyll concentrations), backscatter (to estimate the concentration of particulate organic carbon [POC]), and nitrate and nitrite sensors to collect daily vertical profiles of the water column from a depth of 2,000 m to the sea surface. During February and March, as the mixed layer gradually deepened, there were slight increases of the concentrations of chlorophyll and POC after temporary restratification. At the end of March, the depth of the mixed layer reached a maximum, and the water column rapidly stratified. Chlorophyll concentrations increased significantly in the surface water, and low-salinity water with high concentrations of nutrients and low concentrations of oxygen and POC apparently entered the subsurface layer from greater depths. We hypothesize that this vertical structure was created by ageostrophic secondary circulation in frontal areas that enhanced the upward transport of nutrients into the euphotic zone and resulted in rapid phytoplankton growth in the surface layer as the light environment improved.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JC022718","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulated Responses of the Ocean Carbon Cycle to Different Rates of Atmospheric CO2 Removal","authors":"Wenhan Yao,&nbsp;Long Cao,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Jin","doi":"10.1029/2024JC022115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022115","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Carbon dioxide removal could play a key role in limiting future global warming. Here, we use an Earth system model to investigate the responses of the ocean carbon cycle to idealized scenarios of direct atmospheric CO₂ capture that causes net negative CO₂ emissions. We use CO₂ pathways with CO₂ increasing from 285 ppm (1 × CO₂) to 4 × CO₂ and then returning to 1 × CO₂ with various rates of CO₂ removal. Simulations are performed to examine the biogeochemical, radiative, and the full effect of atmospheric CO₂ on ocean CO₂ uptake. When atmospheric CO₂ starts to decrease, the global ocean gradually turns from a CO₂ sink to a source with the North Atlantic and the Southern Ocean showing intense CO₂ outgassing. However, ocean carbon storage shows substantially delayed response to CO₂ decrease. When atmospheric CO₂ returns to 1 × CO₂, about 60% excess CO₂ absorbed by the ocean at 4 × CO₂ still remains in the ocean. At 4 × CO₂, in term of magnitude, radiatively effect is equivalent to 7% of the biogeochemical effect. When atmospheric CO₂ returns to 1 × CO₂, radiatively effect is equivalent to 12%–21% of the biogeochemical effect depending on the rate of CO₂ decrease. Marked nonadditivity of biogeochemical and radiatively effect is found. At 4 × CO₂, the nonadditivity accounts for 7% of total ocean carbon storage in the fully coupled simulation, and the magnitude of nonadditivity grows with time even after atmospheric CO₂ starts to decrease. Our results further show that rough linearity of concentration-carbon and climate-carbon feedbacks breaks down under the scenario of CO₂ removal.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Quantification of Nearshore and Offshore Submarine Groundwater Discharge Along Florida Coasts","authors":"Rakib Howlader,&nbsp;Weibo Liu,&nbsp;Ming Ye,&nbsp;Minghan Wei,&nbsp;Marjena Beantha Haque,&nbsp;Xiaolang Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022597","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), comprising both nearshore and offshore components, plays a vital role in water cycling and solute transport in coastal areas, and affects coastal marine ecosystems. Previous estimations of SGD based on seepage meters, geochemical tracers, water balances, analytical, and numerical approaches frequently overlooked offshore contributions driven by oceanic currents, waves, and tides, resulting in an incomplete understanding of SGD dynamics and its ecological consequences. Therefore, this study quantified the total SGD by integrating offshore (current-, wave-, and tide-driven SGD) and nearshore (fresh SGD and tide-driven SGD) components in Florida coasts. The calculated total SGD was approximately 15.08% of annual precipitation volume in Florida, with 14.09% offshore SGD (0.7%, 8.2%, and 5.2% from currents, waves, and tides, respectively) and ∼0.986% nearshore SGD (0.44% and 0.55% from fresh and recirculated SGD), underscoring offshore SGD as a major driver of groundwater discharge extending across the continental shelf. Moreover, nearshore SGD-derived dissolved inorganic nutrient fluxes were estimated as &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4.2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0.2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $(4.2mathit{pm }0.2)times {10}^{5}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; kg/yr for nitrogen and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $(6mathit{pm }1)times {10}^{4}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; kg/yr for phosphorus, whereas offshore SGD-derived nutrients were &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2.7&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;±&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0.5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;10&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;/m","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144657662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Kelvin Waves in a Broad, Mid-Latitude Fjord","authors":"S. Donnet,&nbsp;P. Lazure,&nbsp;A. W. Ratsimandresy,&nbsp;G. Han","doi":"10.1029/2024JC021664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC021664","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Broad embayment, such as some Fjords, can host the generation and propagation of internal Kelvin waves should the ratio of their Rossby radius to shelf-slope width be large. Here, we report on such a process in a broad, mid-latitude, fjord where the upper-layer dynamics are dominated by sub-inertial baroclinic motions. This fjord is of particular interest due to recent development of the aquaculture industry and to being historical fishing grounds. Using a fully non-linear, three-dimensional primitive equation numerical model we show that the large majority of the thermocline vertical fluctuations (80%) and much of the along-shore currents (50%) can be reproduced with a flat-bottom assumption. We use the model to determine the origin of the process, which is expressed by upwelling and downwelling disturbances traveling cyclonically around the bay. We find that the wind generates local and remote, from a large and deep neighboring bay, responses which travel as forced and freely propagating long, coastally trapped, internal waves into and around the fjord. The resulting dynamics within the fjord can therefore be complex, particularly in the fall season during which nearly continuous and directionally variable winds occur. Under such forcing conditions and given the irregularity of the regional coastline, signals combine to form temporally and spatially varying responses, enhancing or diminishing transient upwelling or downwelling and their associated along-shore current pulses.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC021664","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144647249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}