Anthropocene最新文献

{"title":"Light and equity: The projections of bringing light to populations in need across Brazil","authors":"Eduardo Guimarães Santos , Alison M. Gainsbury , Helga Correa Wiederhecker","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100411"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49724732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate mitigation and adaptation: Regional imbalance in research efforts","authors":"Sai Leung Ng","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Mitigation and adaptation coping with the adverse effects of climate change are crucially important in managing the risk. Research on climate mitigation and adaptation serves as the foundational pillar upon which resilient strategies are constructed. By examining 1835 journal articles indexed by Scopus, geographic patterns of research efforts and collaborations on mitigation and adaptation to climate changes and risks merge out. Research efforts are predominantly from Western countries but depict an uneven intensity. Whereas international collaboration concerns primarily developed countries in North America and Europe, recent research bridging activities with developing countries in </span>Asia and Africa are growing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100410"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49750452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the past: Utilizing satellite imagery archives to study archaeological landscapes in the northeastern Nile Delta, Egypt","authors":"Mohammed Hagage ,&nbsp;Abdulaziz M. Abdulaziz ,&nbsp;Abdel-Galil A. Hewaidy ,&nbsp;Said A. Shetaia","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100409","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the utilization of satellite imagery archives in the northeastern Nile Delta to examine and explore the evolution of archaeological landscapes. The study incorporates optical satellite imagery from multiple sensors, including Landsat, ASTER, and CORONA, in addition to historical topographic maps, and digital elevation data. The methodology involves employing Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, spatial analysis, and analyzing vegetation indices. The findings reveal significant landscape changes during the period from the prehistoric to the Byzantine era, influenced by natural factors such as sea level changes and land subsidence. Moreover, the landscape changed after the construction of the Aswan High Dam, influenced by human activities such as agriculture and urbanization. The study was successful in detecting the remains of the Tanitic branch, an ancient branch of the Nile River. Additionally, the analysis of vegetation indices showed crop anomalies, which may be indicative of buried structures. However, further investigations, including ground surveys and excavations, are needed for validation. The research contributes to the understanding of the region's historical and cultural significance, highlights the impact of human activities on archaeological sites, and underscores the importance of preserving cultural heritage in the face of environmental changes and urban development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49750451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future projections of wind energy potentials in the arctic for the 21st century under the RCP8.5 scenario from regional climate models (Arctic-CORDEX)","authors":"Mirseid Akperov ,&nbsp;Alexey V. Eliseev ,&nbsp;Annette Rinke ,&nbsp;Igor I. Mokhov ,&nbsp;Vladimir A. Semenov ,&nbsp;Mariya Dembitskaya ,&nbsp;Heidrun Matthes ,&nbsp;Muralidhar Adakudlu ,&nbsp;Fredrik Boberg ,&nbsp;Jens H. Christensen ,&nbsp;Klaus Dethloff ,&nbsp;Xavier Fettweis ,&nbsp;Oliver Gutjahr ,&nbsp;Günther Heinemann ,&nbsp;Torben Koenigk ,&nbsp;Dmitry Sein ,&nbsp;René Laprise ,&nbsp;Ruth Mottram ,&nbsp;Oumarou Nikiéma ,&nbsp;Stefan Sobolowski ,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100402","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Arctic has warmed more than twice the rate of the entire globe. To quantify possible climate change effects, we calculate wind energy<span> potentials from a multi-model ensemble of Arctic-CORDEX. For this, we analyze future changes of wind power density (WPD) using an eleven-member multi-model ensemble. Impacts are estimated for two periods (2020–2049 and 2070–2099) of the 21st century under a high emission scenario (RCP8.5). The multi-model mean reveals an increase of seasonal WPD over the Arctic in the future decades. WPD variability across a range of temporal scales is projected to increase over the Arctic. The signal amplifies by the end of 21st century. Future changes in the frequency of wind speeds<span><span> at 100 m not useable for wind energy production (wind speeds below 4 m/s or above 25 m/s) has been analyzed. The RCM ensemble simulates a more frequent occurrence of 100 m non-usable wind speeds for the wind-turbines over Scandinavia and selected land areas in Alaska, northern Russia and Canada. In contrast, non-usable wind speeds decrease over large parts of Eastern Siberia and in northern Alaska. Thus, our results indicate increased potential of the Arctic for the development and production of wind energy. Bias corrected and not corrected near-surface wind speed and WPD changes have been compared with each other. It has been found that both show the same sign of future change, but differ in magnitude of these changes. The role of sea-ice retreat and vegetation expansion in the Arctic in future on near-surface wind speed variability has been also assessed. </span>Surface roughness through sea-ice and vegetation changes may significantly impact on WPD variability in the Arctic.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100402"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49750442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy sediment and stream incision in the North Carolina Piedmont: Fluvial evolution before and after mill dam construction","authors":"Bradley G. Johnson,&nbsp;Hannah Rieden,&nbsp;Roy Paul Mullinax II","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100405","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Streams in the southern Piedmont are consistently incised forming deep (∼ 1–3 m) channels within wide valley bottoms. Here, we use a variety of methods to determine the drivers of stream incision in the region. We mapped ∼ 140 historic dams throughout the region since the breaching of mill dams is a known driver of incision elsewhere. We examined stream banks at 20 sites previously dammed and 8 sites with no known dams. At each site, we measured channel depth, described sediments, and dated sedimentary charcoal via radiocarbon dating<span>. We also examined historical aerial photographs and used modern LiDAR to create cross-sections in multiple locations. Our findings indicate that while dams were common throughout the area, they were typically built within the incised streams indicating that incision predates dam construction<span><span>. Locally, incision appears to have been part of an aggradation-degradation sequence driven by a period of Euroamerican deforestation. Most dams in the region are reported to have been built before 1850 indicating relatively early incision in the region. The legacy sediments overlie </span>Holocene<span> sediments that are similar to those in anastomosing systems that remain in a few stream reaches today. As such, anastomosing systems may have been common in the region during the Holocene. Both legacy sedimentation and erosion appear to continue into the present with alluvial sedimentation, stream straightening, headward erosion, and now a new discharge regime driven by urbanization in the region. Broadly, our results suggest that streams in the southern Piedmont have been consistently impacted by humans since Euroamerican settlement.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100405"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49750447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and prioritisation of ecosystem services based on the socio-economic perspectives of local people in a trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, India","authors":"Sabir Hussain,&nbsp;Sheenu Sharma,&nbsp;Anand Narain Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100404","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100404","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mountain ecosystems provide numerous services vital for the existence of humankind globally. The present study was conducted in the Ladakh region of India to evaluate the socio-cultural values of the ecosystem services provided by the mountainous region. Questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions were used for data collection. It was observed that the respondents identified provisioning and cultural services easily compared to regulating and supporting services. Among services, fresh water and grazing services were valued 5-rating score on a Likert scale of 1–5 by more than 90% of respondents. Likewise, 80% of respondents have a 5-rating score for water retention and regulation, water purification, aesthetic and recreation and ecotourism services. A similar result was observed when the priority of ecosystem services for villagers was discussed through focus group discussions. All respondents viewed freshwater, grazing, and aesthetic services as priority ecosystem services, whereas recreation and ecotourism were prioritised in four villages, water retention and regulation, and water purification in two villages. Using bivariate correlation, the study of interactions among ecosystem services (between services of the same category) demonstrated strong positive to moderate negative correlations. Similarly, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test indicate that socio-economic factors, including gender, income, and education, have a notable impact (p &lt; 0.05) on most of the services. This suggests that respondents' socio-economic backgrounds influence the values assigned to the services. However, the decline of crucial ecosystem services over the last two decades, as highlighted by participants in the in-depth interviews, raises alarm. Integrating socio-cultural values of ecosystem services while formulating any regional developmental policy could empower the policy-makers to take more informed, eco-friendly actions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100404"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43201030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Megafauna extinctions in the late-Quaternary are linked to human range expansion, not climate change","authors":"Rhys Taylor Lemoine ,&nbsp;Robert Buitenwerf ,&nbsp;Jens-Christian Svenning","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Earth has lost approximately half of its large mammal species (≥45 kg, one-third of species ≥9 kg) over the past 120,000 years, resulting in depauperate megafauna communities worldwide. Despite substantial interest and debate for over a century, the reasons for these exceptionally high extinction rates and major transformation of the biosphere remain contested. The predominant explanations are climate change, hunting by modern humans (<em>Homo sapiens</em>), or a combination of both. To evaluate the evidence for each hypothesis, statistical models were constructed to test the predictive power of prehistoric human and hominin presence and migration on megafauna extinction severity and on extinction bias toward larger species. Models with anthropic predictors were compared to models that considered late-Quaternary (120–0 kya) climate change and it was found that models including human factors outperformed all purely climatic models. These results thus support an overriding impact of <em>Homo sapiens</em> on megafauna extinctions. Given the disproportionate impact of large-bodied animals on vegetation structure, plant dispersal, nutrient cycling and co-dependent biota, this simplification and downsizing of mammal faunas worldwide represents the first planetary-scale, human-driven transformation of the environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47413621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human impact on vegetation at Lago di Vedana (Dolomites, Northern Italy) during the last seven centuries","authors":"Irene Sophie Polgar ,&nbsp;Bernd Zolitschka ,&nbsp;Hermann Behling","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Studying the legacies of past human-environment interactions is essential for understanding current landscape and biodiversity patterns. Human influences on past terrestrial and aquatic vegetation are reconstructed based on palynological analysis conducted on a sediment core<span> from Lago di Vedana (Province of Belluno, Northern Italy). This study represents the first pollen record from the Dolomitic lowlands with varying anthropogenic influences throughout the last 700 years. The radiocarbon-dated pollen record begins ca. A.D. 1300 with semi-open forest and moderate human impact, possibly due to activities of the nearby hospice of San Gottardo. Human impact increased with the foundation of the Vedana Charterhouse in the immediate catchment of the lake in A.D. 1457. Activities of the monks involved extensive forest clearing, cultivation of </span></span><em>Cannabis/Humulus</em> and possibly hemp retting. In the 19th century the composition of cultivated species changed following the transformation of the Charterhouse into a farm. The 20th century is characterized by expansion of forest taxa and a distinct decline of human influences, probably due to a rural exodus and abandonment of agricultural activities. Vegetation development at Lago di Vedana is consistent with general trends in the Italian Alps and reveals local cultivation practices. The results illustrate the close intertwinement of climatic trends and local human influences, modulated by regional socio-cultural developments during the last millennium.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"44 ","pages":"Article 100401"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42752517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors affecting invasion process of a megadiverse country by two exotic bird species","authors":"Adrián Ceja-Madrigal ,&nbsp;Rodrigo Pacheco-Muñoz ,&nbsp;Adolfo G. Navarro-Sigüenza ,&nbsp;Pilar Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Margarita Jiménez-Cruz ,&nbsp;Jorge E. Schondube","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Understanding the factors underlying bird invasions is crucial for their management. Here, the invasion processes of Mexico by the European Starling (</span><em>Sturnus vulgaris</em>) and the Eurasian Collared-Dove (<em>Streptopelia decaocto</em><span><span>) are analyzed. A 30 × 30 km grid-cell map with the presence/absence of both species was generated using citizen-science data to describe their invasion patterns in time and space from their first records until 2016. Binomial Generalized Linear Models were used to determine the invasion probabilities of both species. Geographic Information was used to determine the climatic variables that better explain their presence (abiotic factors) and the number of phylogenetically closely-related species (biotic factors). A bioclimatic model was used to test if the role that climatic variables play to determine the invasion success of birds at the global scale holds at regional scales. This model related the invasion probabilities of each species with biotic and abiotic factors. The main findings are: (1) Both species have expanded from established populations in the US, and new introductions by bird-trade. (2) European Starlings invaded the country slower than Eurasian Collared-Doves. (3) European Starlings invaded areas with dry and </span>temperate climates<span>, while Eurasian Collared-Doves invaded most of the country, being positively affected by temperature and precipitation. (4) Invasion probabilities of both species were not constrained by phylogenetically closely-related species richness. This study indicates that for exotic invasive birds that exploit agricultural areas, biotic factors do not provide invasion resistance of megadiverse countries such as Mexico.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100399"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47556925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land cover flows and land use intensity in the three decades of the post-communist Czechia: Changing trends and driving forces","authors":"Petra Grešlová ,&nbsp;Josef Laštovička ,&nbsp;Přemysl Štych ,&nbsp;Jan Kabrda","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ancene.2023.100395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>The land system faces many pressures from the provision of biomass resources and space to the economy. The need to understand land use and cover changes and its drivers is of high importance. This work presents an innovative approach by applying a transdisciplinary approach combining the methods of spatial analysis Land Cover Flows with the methods from the concept of socio-economic metabolism, Material and Energy Flow Accounting, Human Appropriation of Net Primary Production (HANPP) and Final Energy </span>Return on Investment (FEROI). Our main aim is to identify the main </span>land use changes<span> and land cover flows, link them to the underlying socio-economic processes and interpret them in a historical context. Our results show that the overall land use intensity is growing although the positive trends of growing grasslands and forests started after the collapse of communism. The growing intensity of agricultural production with increasing suburbanisation reversed these trends. Until the 2000s the HANPP decreased but at the end of the period increased from 55 % in 2012 to 70 % in 2018. Volumes of the extraction of agricultural biomass are growing while the area of agricultural land has decreased. FEROI grew and stabilised to around 1.0 in the last period (2012–2018) comparable to the value found in the year 2001. The suburbanisation rates peaked after the year 2000 at 250 m</span></span>²/km²/yr.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 100395"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49726669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}