Anthropocene最新文献

{"title":"What motivates smallholder farmers to adapt to climate change? Insights from smallholder cropping in far-western Nepal","authors":"Prahlad Lamichhane,&nbsp;Kelly K. Miller,&nbsp;Michalis Hadjikakou,&nbsp;Brett A. Bryan","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Adaptation to climatic change in smallholder agriculture is pivotal to ensuring food security in many developing countries. Research into adaptation to climate change in smallholder agriculture has often used capital-based indicator frameworks, with only limited consideration of the cognitive dimensions influencing adaptation motivation. In this study, we interviewed 327 farmers in far-western Nepal and the responses were used in structural equation modelling to quantify determinants of adaptation motivation. Results indicate that farmers with a higher level of adaptation appraisal are motivated to adapt, whereas the higher level of threat appraisal exhibited a weak influence. Social drivers such as incentives and subjective norms had a weak effect. Risk experience influenced adaptation motivation negatively. Adaptation cost was negatively related to the adaptation appraisal. Determinants of adaptation motivation varied across agroecosystems. These results suggest that effective adaptation policies must emphasise on the factors that positively contribute to adaptation motivation (e.g., adaptation efficacy) and target interventions that break down the barriers to adaptation (e.g., adaptation cost), while boosting trust and confidence in farmers to adaptation measures. Findings can inform adaptation policies in similar smallholder contexts of Asia/South </span>Asia, while the research approach can be used to generate insights into farmers’ adaptation motivation globally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48826024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planetary Boundaries and the Doughnut frameworks: A review of their local operability","authors":"Anna Ferretto ,&nbsp;Robin Matthews ,&nbsp;Rob Brooker ,&nbsp;Pete Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The concept of Planetary Boundaries has sparked debate around tipping points and the limits of the Earth System for over a decade. Among the most investigated aspects is how to downscale this global concept to a country level, to make it operative at scales at which decisions are taken and policies applied. Specifically how to achieve applicability locally while keeping global relevance, however, remains unclear. The same is true for the \"Doughnut\" concept, which builds on the Planetary Boundaries framework and adds a social component to create a \"Safe and Just Operating Space\" (SJOS) within which humanity should live. This paper reviews these two concepts in detail, focusing on their local operability. Synthesis of the literature reveals that, during the downscaling process, either the global meaning of the Planetary Boundaries or the local characteristics of a country are lost. Further, the SJOS remains a very theoretical concept because a match does not exist between the Planetary Boundaries and the social components of the Doughnut. Identification of this problem therefore suggests that future work should calculate the Planetary Boundaries globally for each ecosystem first, and then downscale them by country. In this way, the global relevance of the Planetary Boundaries would hold, and the framework could apply to local policies. Furthermore, the ecosystem services could link the Planetary Boundaries with the social aspects of the Doughnut, and hence contribute to understanding why a country lies within or outside the SJOS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213305422000285/pdfft?md5=4a95ab9672b91b10647c0c654c14c0b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2213305422000285-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42941224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Responses of lake diatoms to rapid 21st century warming on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Jinna He ,&nbsp;Jianbao Liu ,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Rühland ,&nbsp;Jifeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhitong Chen ,&nbsp;Haoran Dong ,&nbsp;John P. Smol","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Many paleolimnological studies from the Northern Hemisphere have shown how diatom assemblages preserved in dated lake sediment cores<span> have responded to anthropogenic climate warming over the past ~100 years. In contrast, diatom records from lakes in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau have typically registered minimal compositional change during this recent period of warming. Site-specific conditions can dampen the biological response to regional climate change in this topographically complex mountain landscape. In this study, we used a </span></span>²¹⁰Lead/¹³⁷Cesium-dated sedimentary diatom record collected in 2018 from a remote, oligotrophic, alpine lake (Cuomujiri Lake) in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau to track environmental changes during the past ~100 years. Change-point analysis on air temperature trends from the nearby Nyingchi meteorological station and from across the Tibetan Plateau (composite of 150 stations) showed exceptionally rapid and statistically significant warming since 2004 CE, although localized variations exist in this heterogeneous region. Concurrent with this pronounced temperature rise, the Cuomujiri diatom record registered an abrupt shift from a benthic to a planktonic-dominated assemblage for the first time in the record, with a clear increase in <em>Lindavia ocellata</em> since ca. 2004 CE. Despite substantial warming in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau over the past several decades, diatom assemblages in Cuomujiri Lake did not register a notable response until the significantly high temperatures experienced during the past ~14 years. These results from Earth’s highest plateau signify that, with sustained anthropogenic warming, exceedance of ecological thresholds will continue in lakes throughout the Tibetan Plateau and likely in other high latitude regions of the world.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44971799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REMOVED:Patterns of plant mortality caused by a copper mine spill","authors":"Francisco Molina-Freaner,&nbsp;José Martínez-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100344","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221330542200025X/pdfft?md5=c50d7d71bd92cd33e788889a06129318&pid=1-s2.0-S221330542200025X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46694780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coupled socio-ecological changes in response to soybean expansion along the 2001–2010 decade in Argentina","authors":"Florencia Rositano ,&nbsp;Sebastián Pessah ,&nbsp;Patricia Durand ,&nbsp;Pedro Laterra","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span>The socio-economic benefits and environmental spillover effects of the international soybean trade have commanded scientific attention in recent years. This is particularly true for exporting countries, where soybean has promoted the replacement of other agricultural productions and also the an also the transformation of native ecosystems. Better understanding of the problem requires spatially disaggregated analysis of these dimensions, with focus on their interactions. This study assessed socio-ecological trends at county scale during the 2001–2010 growing expansion period of soybean cultivation in Argentina. The study sample comprised 126 counties within (1) the Chaco region, one of the largest natural forest regions until the expansion of the agricultural frontier; and (2) the </span>Pampa region, the largest agricultural production area in the country. The relative variation of socio-economic, ecological and agricultural indicators was calculated for examination of patterns of variation and interrelation through uni- and multivariate analyses. Results indicate different patterns and trade-offs among soybean expansion, socio-economic and ecological indicators of soybean expansion, socio-economic and ecological. Soybean expansion, which mainly occurred in the Pampa region, was based on the replacement of other crops and pastures as well as the loss of livestock and ecosystem services provision. At the same time, the expansion of soybean promoted immigration and unemployment, and reduced improvements in alphabetization and growth in economically active population density. The pattern of soybean expansion triggered notable trends, mostly in the Chaco region where they were related to </span>deforestation<span> and rangeland loss. Findings of the study highlight the utility of a coupled approach in revealing socio-ecological patterns that may not be possible through more fragmentary analyses.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45263798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engaging communities towards restoring hillslope seep wetlands in the Tsitsa River catchment of South Africa","authors":"Notiswa Libala,&nbsp;Oghenekaro Nelson Odume,&nbsp;Carolyn G. Palmer","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Considering the increase of wetland degradation globally, a need exists for an integrated approach that involves communities to collectively protect and sustain wetlands. In the Tsitsa River catchment, South Africa, hillslope seep wetlands are among the vulnerable wetland ecosystems with potential to trigger erosion in the landscape. This study engaged with livestock owners in communities to elicit information regarding their knowledge of hillslope seep wetlands, and their understanding of the importance of these wetlands. Using purposive sampling, researchers interviewed 31 livestock owners and analysed the data using thematic analysis. Results revealed that communities largely perceived hillslope seep wetlands as important ecosystems for their livelihoods. They recognized that the importance stems from services provided by these wetlands. Although the communities viewed hillslope seep wetlands as important ecosystems for livelihoods, however, they also perceived them as highly eroded ecosystems. Community members indicated willingness to strengthen local natural resource governance systems, which could lead to better management or restoration of hillslope seep wetlands. Protective strategies for hillslope seep suggested included fencing, active herding and rotational grazing. This study provides one example from South Africa demonstrating the importance of active involvement of local communities toward successful management of natural resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213305422000236/pdfft?md5=d6e6e58b7323115d982c29646c14e720&pid=1-s2.0-S2213305422000236-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient mining pollution in early to middle Holocene lake sediments from the Lake Superior region, USA","authors":"Kathryn Vall ,&nbsp;Collin Murphy ,&nbsp;David P. Pompeani ,&nbsp;Byron A. Steinman ,&nbsp;Kathryn M. Schreiner ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Bain ,&nbsp;Seth DePasqual ,&nbsp;Zachary Wagner","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Determining the timing and transport mechanisms (i.e. fluvial and/or atmospheric) of pollution associated with ancient copper mining on Isle Royale in Lake Superior<span> (United States) is important for understanding the current and future trajectory of ecosystems affected by human activity. This study reports metal concentrations in sediment from two small, closed-basin lakes located on Isle Royale (Lily Lake and Pond 2) as a measure of the extent of heavy metal emissions from Indigenous, precontact mining and annealing activities associated with one of the world’s oldest metal working industries. Lily Lake and Pond 2 are both located near known mines, but neither lake contains mines in its catchment and thus could not have received pollution via fluvial transport. Elevated concentrations of lead in sediments dating to ∼6000 years ago at both lakes provide evidence of atmospheric transport<span> of pollution associated with mining emissions. The age of ∼6000 years before present is consistent with the timing of elevated lead concentrations in sediment from McCargoe Cove on the northern shore of Isle Royale. Collectively, the data indicate that the peak in Archaic Period mining occurred on southwestern Isle Royale ∼6000 years ago and was preceded by periods that varied in intensity and location across the area. The discovery of pollution signals in lake sediments from the Lake Superior region provides clues as to the timing, spatial patterns, and magnitude of one of the world’s earliest large-scale metal mining efforts. These findings provide a basis for determining the transport mechanisms of ancient mining pollution and are a step toward assessing the full environmental impact of mining and metal working efforts by early human civilizations.</span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48174755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in extent of open-surface water bodies in China's Yellow River Basin (2000–2020) using Google Earth Engine cloud platform","authors":"Hongye Cao ,&nbsp;Ling Han ,&nbsp;Liangzhi Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Dynamics of open surface water is of great significance to understand the impacts of global changes and human activities on water resources. However, long-term changes of open-surface water bodies in the Yellow River Basin have remained poorly characterized. In the study, 26,681 high-quality Landsat<span> images were processed using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform to study the long-term changes of the open water bodies in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2020. A percentile-based image synthesis method was used to collect training samples. The multi-index water body extraction rule (MIWER) was proposed to rapidly extract surface water bodies. The results show that (1) The MIWER is suitable for long-term and large-scale surface water mapping based on Landsat images; (2) The average area of permanent and seasonal water in the last 20 years is 9062.59 km</span></span>² and 6918.83 km², respectively, accounting for 56.7% and 43.3% of the total surface water in the Yellow River Basin, respectively; (3) From 2000–2020, both permanent and seasonal water in the whole Yellow River Basin and sub-basins have increased. In general, the total open surface water shows an increasing trend with obvious spatial heterogeneity; (4) The changes of surface water in the Yellow River Basin are related to climate change and intensive human activities, but the influencing factors vary in different regions. The findings of this study demonstrate a novel robust, low-cost water extraction method that satisfies the requirements of terrestrial water inundation mapping and management across the Yellow River Basin. The methodology of this study is expected to be extended to global surface waters, providing valuable information for global surface water resource planning and management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45016298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking local radiocarbon releases from nuclear power plants in southern Ontario (Canada) using annually-dated tree-ring records","authors":"Felix Vogel ,&nbsp;Carley Crann ,&nbsp;Michael F.J. Pisaric","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100338","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100338","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the radiocarbon (¹⁴C) content of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) underlies many fields of research. This study shows how one can track the influence of nuclear power plants at the local and regional scale in Canada’s largest urban area. This area is subject to significant ¹⁴CO₂ depletion due to CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel burning. Tree cores collected across southern Ontario in 2018 show that tree-rings dated annually record the same decadal trends as atmospheric measurements at a background site. Tree cores taken closer to ¹⁴CO₂ or fossil fuel sources reflect those local influences. Data of ¹⁴C from a site 20 kilometer downwind from a nuclear power plant is highly correlated (R²=0.76) with annually reported emissions from the plant for 2009-2018. Extending the analysis back to the 1990s shows that the emissions of ¹⁴CO₂ were 4-8 times higher than those at present. At that time, ¹⁴CO₂ emissions were sufficiently strong to affect a remote background monitoring site. Concerning the urban fossil fuel CO₂ emission signature, ¹⁴CO₂ in the cellulose of a tree from downtown Toronto has an extremely depleted Δ¹⁴C signature. The local signal from traffic emissions overshadows any ¹⁴CO₂ from nuclear emissions in the region. This study suggests that, with more cores to reflect the emissions of nuclear ¹⁴CO₂ before 1990 and more suitable urban sampling locations (i.e., representative of a neighborhood rather than one road), this approach has potential to better track the long-term impact of urbanization and nuclear power plants in Canada, and potentially elsewhere around the globe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2213305422000194/pdfft?md5=f439e344d0060a1f792fceb6620a1c2d&pid=1-s2.0-S2213305422000194-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47808714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding human-environment interrelationships under constrained land-use decisions with a spatially explicit agent-based model","authors":"Qi Zhang ,&nbsp;Srikanta Sannigrahi ,&nbsp;Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh ,&nbsp;Rui Zhang ,&nbsp;Bo Xiong ,&nbsp;Shiqi Tao ,&nbsp;Richard Bilsborrow ,&nbsp;Conghe Song","doi":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100337","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ancene.2022.100337","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Human-environment interactions drive the land-use dynamics of the terrestrial surface. Worldwide, land-based environmental conservation efforts and agricultural preservation regulations are often concurrent. Complex social-ecological feedback within the coupled natural and human systems nevertheless confounds their effects. Drawing on population-level data for a township encompassed by a national nature reserve, this study applies a spatially explicit agent-based model to understand human-environment interrelationships with household land-use decisions about cropland abandonment restricted by the agricultural preservation rule. Results show that labor migration and cropland abandonment involve feedback loops that exhibit nonlinear effects. The availability of household labor and the amount of cultivated land mediate these effects. The land-use decisions of the farm households are sensitive to the relaxation of the abandonment restriction. The prevalence of cropland abandonment in extent and size increases prominently as the restriction rule begins to relax. The model shows a clearly emerging spatial pattern of an increasing likelihood of cropland abandonment with the relaxed restriction. Abandonment is more likely on dryland parcels and parcels at higher elevations, steeper slopes, and in proximity to forest areas. The shifted distributions of cropland parcels by their biophysical and geographical features from the baseline scenario (full restriction) to the experimental scenario (complete relaxation) also demonstrate these trends. Targeting cropland parcels bearing high risks of abandonment can improve the cost-effectiveness of implementing forest restoration policies while prioritizing those with low risks for agricultural stabilization. The agent-based model is useful for explaining the underlying drivers of land change involving human decision-making. It also suggests implications for balancing trade-offs between environmental conservation and agricultural production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":56021,"journal":{"name":"Anthropocene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48703553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}