Resource Geology最新文献

{"title":"The parental magma composition, crustal contamination process, and metallogenesis of the Shitoukengde Ni‐Cu sulfide deposit in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt, NW China","authors":"Liang Li, De-xin Zhang, Shucheng Tan, F. Sun, Chao Wang, Tuofei Zhao, Shijin Li, Yanqian Yang","doi":"10.1111/rge.12267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12267","url":null,"abstract":"Shitoukengde is an important magmatic Ni–Cu sulfide deposit in the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt (EKOB). It comprises several mafic–ultramafic complexes and contains different kinds of mafic–ultramafic rocks. Lherzolite and olivine websterite are the most significant Ni–Cu‐hosted rocks. The No. I complex hosts six Ni–Cu ore bodies, and the depth of the intrusion has great exploration potential. Therefore, geochronology, geochemistry, and mineral chemistry of the Shitoukengde deposit were studied to constrain its mineralization time, parental magma composition, and crustal contamination process. Zircon U–Pb dating of olivine websterite shows the magmatic origin (Th/U = 0.40–1.05) and an age of 418.1 ± 8.7 Ma (MSWD = 0.01), which is coeval with the Xiarihamu, Akechukesai, and other Cu–Ni deposits in the EKOB. Geochemically, the mafic–ultramafic rocks are characterized by low SiO2, TiO2, and Na2O + K2O and high MgO (9.49–36.02%), with Mg# values of 80–87. They are relatively enriched in LREE and LILEs (e.g., K, Rb, and Th), with weakly positive Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.83–2.26), but depleted in HFSEs (e. g., Ta, Nb, Zr, and Ti). Based on the electron microprobe analyses, all of the olivines are chrysolite (Fo = 81–86), and the pyroxenes are dominated by clinoenstatite (En = 80–84) and augite (En = 49–55) in the mafic–ultramafic rocks. Therefore, the composition of parental magma is estimated to be picritic basaltic magma with SiO2 and MgO concentrations of 54.47 and 13.95%, respectively. The zircon εHf(t) values of olivine websterite vary from −0.8 to 4.6, with a TDM1 of 0.84–1.06 Ga, indicating that the parental magma was derived from relatively high degree partial melting (about 13.4%) of a depleted mantle source and experienced significant crustal contamination (about 12–16%). We propose that crustal assimilation, rather than fractional crystallization, played a key role in triggering the sulfide saturation of the Shitoukengde deposit, and the metallogenesis of “deep liquation–pulsing injection” is the key mechanism underlying its formation. The parental magma, before intruding, underwent liquation and partial crystallization at depth, partitioning into barren, ore‐bearing, and ore‐rich magma and ore pulp, and was then injected multiple times, resulting in the formation of the Shitoukengde Ni–Cu deposit.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"294 ","pages":"339 - 362"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/rge.12267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72541134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sphalerite‐galena replacement in sodium chloride solution: A thermodynamic approach","authors":"K. Komuro","doi":"10.1111/rge.12265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12265","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the material balances of the constituents including solid phases, replacement reaction of the sphalerite‐galena pair in chloride solution is examined quantitatively under equilibrium conditions of 250°C, water saturation vapor pressure, and initial Cl concentration of 1 mol/L. NaCl+PbCl2 solution with solid sphalerite, dissolves and releases both total Zn and total S of 1.26 × 10−5 mol/L into the solution under without or lower PbCl2 concentration. If the PbCl2 concentration is higher than 1.32 × 10−6 mol/L, precipitation of galena as replacement occurs, suggesting that sphalerite has an ability to trap a lower concentration of Pb. If PbCl2 concentration of the solution is higher than 1.32 × 10−6 mol/L, the majority of Pb deposited as galena with using sulfur originated from solid sphalerite dissolved, and the amount of Zn from sphalerite equivalent to the amount of galena deposited releases into the solution. On the other hand, NaCl+ZnCl2 solution with solid galena under the same environmental conditions, dissolves and releases both total Pb and total S of 6.43 × 10−6 mol/L into the solution under without or lower ZnCl2 concentration. Over the ZnCl2 concentration of 6.40 × 10−5 mol/L in the solution, precipitation of sphalerite occurs, indicating that galena cannot trap a low concentration of Zn. Zinc would drain away from the hydrothermal depositional environment under the presence of only galena. These relationships are controlled mainly by the reaction of predominant metal chloride or metal hydroxide species in the solution. Sphalerite is a good scavenger for Pb, but galena is not for Zn.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"26 1","pages":"250 - 254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72769155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cu–Mo Differential Mineralization Mechanism of the Dabate Polymetallic Deposit in Western Tianshan, NW China: Evidence from Geology, Fluid Inclusions, and Oxygen Isotope Systematics","authors":"Rui Cao, Shengchao Yan, Bin Chen, Keke Sun, Qinglin Zhang, Haodong Gu","doi":"10.1111/rge.12218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12218","url":null,"abstract":"Classic porphyry Cu–Mo deposits are mostly characterized by close temporal and spatial relationships between Cu and Mo mineralization. The northern Dabate Cu–Mo deposit is a newly discovered porphyry Cu–Mo polymetallic deposit in western Tianshan, northwest China. The Cu mineralization postdates the Mo mineralization and is located in shallower levels in the deposit, which is different from most classic porphyry Cu–Mo deposits. Detailed field investigations, together with microthermometry, laser Raman spectroscopy, and O‐isotope studies of fluid inclusions, were conducted to investigate the origin and evolution of ore‐forming fluids from the main Mo to main Cu stage of mineralization in the deposit. The results show that the ore‐forming fluids of the main Mo stage belonged to an NaCl + H2O system of medium to high temperatures (280–310°C) and low salinities (2–4 wt% NaCl equivalent (eq.)), whereas that of the main Cu stage belonged to an F‐rich NaCl + CO2 + H2O system of medium to high temperatures (230–260°C) and medium to low salinities (4–10 wt% NaCl eq.). The δ18O values of the ore‐forming fluids decrease from 3.7–7.8‰ in the main Mo stage to −7.5 to −2.9‰ in the main Cu stage. These data indicate that the separation of Cu and Mo was closely related to a large‐scale vapor–brine separation of the early ore‐forming fluids, which produced the Mo‐bearing and Cu‐bearing fluids. Subsequently, the relatively reducing (CH4‐rich) Mo‐bearing, ore‐forming fluids, dominantly of magmatic origin, caused mineralization in the rhyolite porphyry due to fluid boiling, whereas the relatively oxidizing (CO2‐rich) Cu‐bearing, ore‐forming fluids mixed with meteoric water and precipitated chalcopyrite within the crushed zone at the contact between rhyolite porphyry and wall rock. We suggest that the separation of Cu and Mo in the deposit may be attributed to differences in the chemical properties of Cu and Mo, large‐scale vapor–brine separation of early ore‐forming fluids, and changes in oxygen fugacity.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"69 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2019-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72585209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"40Ar/39Ar Geochronology of Volcanic and Intrusive Rocks in the Papandayan Metallic Prospect Area, West Java, Indonesia","authors":"A. D. Titisari, D. Phillips, Prayatna, E. P. Setyaraharja","doi":"10.1111/rge.12118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12118","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents new 40Ar/39Ar ages on the volcanic and intrusive rocks from the Papandayan metallic district in West Java, Indonesia. The vein system in the Arinem area, one of the prospective areas in the district, has been considered as an epithermal gold–silver–base metal deposit, however, no published age results are available for the host volcanic rocks in the district. The ages of these rocks are critical in terms of their association with mineralization and are important to understand the evolution of volcanism in the region, which has implications for mineral exploration in the district. 40Ar/39Ar plateau ages of two typical basalt and one andesite samples of the Jampang Formation volcanic rocks yielded ages of 11.65 ± 0.52 Ma, 18.15 ± 0.46 Ma and 7.69 ± 0.05 Ma, respectively. 40Ar/39Ar ages of three intrusive rock samples from Gunung Halang diorite, Gunung Lingga diorite, and Gunung Buligir fine‐grained quartz diorite yielded ages of 12.98 ± 0.20 Ma, 10.81 ± 0.15 Ma, and 7.37 ± 0.05 Ma, respectively. The age of the youngest fine‐grained diorite (Gunung Wayang dike) is 3.95 ± 0.03 Ma. An 40Ar/39Ar age obtained from adularia in the Arinem mineralized vein (18.30 ± 0.20 Ma) is older than the age of altered basalt sample of this study (11.65 ± 0.52 Ma) and the K–Ar illite ages of the Arinem vein (9.4 ± 0.3 Ma and 8.8 ± 0.3 Ma) which resulted from a previous study. The age results suggest that the Papandayan district may have experienced multiple hydrothermal and mineralization events. This study, therefore, provides crucial age data to support future mineral exploration in the district.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"118 3","pages":"53 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/rge.12118","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72417056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sm–Nd and Ar–Ar Isotopic Dating of the Nuri Cu–W–Mo Deposit in the Southern Gangdese, Tibet: Implications for the Porphyry‐Skarn Metallogenic System and Metallogenetic Epochs of the Eastern Gangdese","authors":"Lei Chen, K. Qin, Guangming Li, Jinxiang Li, B. Xiao, Junxing Zhao, Xingwen Fan","doi":"10.1111/rge.12099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12099","url":null,"abstract":"The Nuri Cu–W–Mo deposit is a large newly explored deposit located at the southern margin of the Gangdese metallogenic belt. There are skarn and porphyry mineralizations in the deposit, but the formation age of the skarn and the relationship between the skarn and porphyry mineralizations are controversial. Constraints on the precise chronology are of fundamental importance for understanding the ore genesis of the Nuri deposit. To determine the formation age of the skarn, we chose garnets and whole rock skarn samples for Sm–Nd dating. We also selected biotite associated with potassic alteration for Ar–Ar dating to confirm the ore formation age of the porphyry mineralizations. The Sm–Nd ages of the skarn are 25.73 ± 0.92 – 25.2 ± 3.9 Ma, and the age of the potassic alteration is 24.37 ± 0.32 Ma. The results indicate that the skarn and porphyry mineralization are coeval and belong to a unified magmatic hydrothermal system. Combined with a previous molybdenite Re–Os age, we think that the hydrothermal activity of the Nuri deposit lasted for 1.2 – 2.1 Myr, which indicates that the mineralization formed rapidly. The chronologic results indicate that the Nuri deposit formed in the period of transformation from compression to extension in the late collisional stage of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian continents.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":" 7","pages":"259 - 273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/rge.12099","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72380774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Influence of Regional Geodynamic Background on Strata Behaviors in China's Tongxin Mine","authors":"Ying Chen, Hongwei Zhang, Bin Yu, Zhijie Zhu, Wenda Wu, Yunpeng Li","doi":"10.1111/rge.12082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/rge.12082","url":null,"abstract":"Strata behaviors are mainly affected by regional geodynamic background. The influence of rock mass stress and energy distribution on strata behaviors in the Tongxin mine is studied in terms of regional tectonic movement, seismic activity and tectonic stress field. The results show that the extrusion lifting movement of Kouquan fault adjacent to the Tongxin mine results in the stress concentration in the rock of the Carboniferous coal bed and accumulation of a large amount of elastic energy and forms structural background of Tongxin mine. Due to various seismic activities in the mine area, the strain energy is known to reach much higher levels, up to 0.5×108 J1/2. Since the stratigraphic structure is sensitive to the mining operation, the strain energy could cause strong strata behaviors. A special geological structure model of the Tongxin mine is established based on the geodynamic division method. The distribution of regional structure stress field is determined by the rock mass stress analysis system. Based on this model, Tongxin mine is divided into five areas with high stress, eight areas with low stress and eight areas with gradient stress. The strong strata behaviors mostly occur in high stress areas. These results could provide guidance to predict the strength of regional or mine pressure and control strata behavior in different areas.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72669802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical and Geochemical Constraints on the Genesis of the Carbonate‐Hosted Jebel Ghozlane Pb–Zn Deposit (Nappe Zone, Northern Tunisia)","authors":"N. Jemmali, F. Souissi, E. Carranza, T. Vennemann","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-3928.2012.00208.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2012.00208.x","url":null,"abstract":"The Pb–Zn deposit at Jebel Ghozlane, in the Nappe zone (northern Tunisia), is hosted by Triassic dolostones and Eocene limestones and is located along faults and a thrust‐sheet boundary. The sulfide mineralization of the deposit consists mainly of galena and sphalerite and occurs as vein, stockwork, breccia, dissemination and replacement ores. Three hydrothermal stages are involved in the formation of the ores: stage I is dominated by celestite‐barite, hydrothermal dolomite DII, colloform sphalerite, and galena I; stage II consist of galena II; and stage III contains calcite. Galena in the deposit yielded average 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb and 208Pb/204Pb ratios of 18.705, 15.667 and 38.734, respectively, suggesting a single upper crustal source reservoir for metals. Trace element data indicate the presence of Zn‐ and As‐free galena and As‐rich galena (with 0.2–0.5% As). Sphalerite contains 0.4% As, 0.7–0.9% Cd and 0.1–1.5% Fe. Microthermometric analysis of fluid inclusions in celestite shows that the deposit formed from fluids composed of heterogeneous mixtures of saline (19.5 ± 1 wt% NaCl eq.) aqueous solutions sourced from basinal brines, and gaseous CO2‐rich phases bearing low amounts of CH4, N2 and/or H2S, at temperatures of 172 ± 5°C.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"189 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2012.00208.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72473111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thematic Issue: Isotopic Geochemistry of Mineral Deposits—Implication for Ore Genesis","authors":"E. Carranza","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-3928.2011.00169.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2011.00169.x","url":null,"abstract":"[Extract] Mineralization involves several processes, of which chemical processes are the ones that finally result in precipitation of metals or formation of minerals. Thus, geochemistry is an important field in the study of mineral deposits. Geochemical (e.g. elemental, isotopic, etc.) characterization of mineral deposits is important in (i) understanding ore genesis, (ii) mineral deposit classification, (iii) mineral exploration, (iv) extractive metallurgy or mineral processing, and (v) geoenvironmental research. This thematic issue of Resource Geology is devoted to isotopic geochemistry of mineral deposits for understanding of ore genesis.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"46 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2011-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2011.00169.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72374627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Petroleum Resources of Papua New Guinea","authors":"S. Kawagle","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-3928.2007.00028.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2007.00028.x","url":null,"abstract":"Papua New Guinea’s petroleum sector has substantially grown in the last 2 years. There is an increase in exploration expenditure, which also sees a corresponding increase in the number of exploration licences. Two new petroleum projects have been commissioned and these have added to production of the existing projects. The oilfields are small by world standards. The sector is the second major contributor to the export income and taxation revenue of the country, after minerals.","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"87 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2007.00028.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72545426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Solidification Depth of Granitic Rocks and Formation of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits","authors":"E. Uchida, Sho Endo, M. Makino","doi":"10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.00004.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.00004.x","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical analysis of biotite in representative granitic rocks in Japan shows that the total Al (TAl) content changes with the metal type of the accompanying hydrothermal ore deposits and increases in the following order: Pb‐Zn and Mo deposits < Cu‐Fe and Sn deposits < W deposits < non‐mineralized granitic rocks. The TAl content of biotite in granitic rocks may be a useful indicator for distinguishing between mineralized and non‐mineralized granitic rocks. A good positive correlation is seen between the TAl content of biotite and the solidification pressure of the granitic rocks estimated by sphalerite and hornblende geobarometers and the mineral assemblages of the surrounding rocks. These facts suggest that the TAl content of biotite can be used to estimate the solidification pressure (P) of the granitic rocks. The following empirical equation was obtained:","PeriodicalId":21089,"journal":{"name":"Resource Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2007-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/j.1751-3928.2006.00004.x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72525908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}