Matheus Natan Ferreira Alves de Sousa, Ivo Cavalcanti Neto, Caio Víctor Macêdo Pereira, José Arthur do Nascimento Ramalho, Joyce Clara Vieira Ferreira, Paulo Eduardo Vieira Cunha, Carlos Wilmer Costa
{"title":"Spatial assessment and prioritization strategies for water erosion-induced soil loss in the Brazilian semiarid","authors":"Matheus Natan Ferreira Alves de Sousa, Ivo Cavalcanti Neto, Caio Víctor Macêdo Pereira, José Arthur do Nascimento Ramalho, Joyce Clara Vieira Ferreira, Paulo Eduardo Vieira Cunha, Carlos Wilmer Costa","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate erosion on the Earth's surface, organizations and entities responsible for environmental management and enforcement have called for measures and policies aimed at preserving, maintaining, and restoring ecological integrity, such as the Degraded Area Recovery Plan (DARP) and Payment for Environmental Services (PES). To assess water erosion and support land planning at a watershed scale, this study used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) via multicriteria analysis in a geographic information system (GIS) to determine soil loss in the Potengi River Basin (400,000 ha) in Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. Estimated soil loss was 2,073,523.40 tons/year, equivalent to 782,461.69 m<sup>3</sup> of sediment. The extensive livestock areas were economically assessed using the net present value (NPV), whereby 5111.53 ha with low opportunity costs were prioritized for erosion control and implementation of DARP and PES. In this scenario, a minimum value of US$94,89/ha.year was established for the economic viability of PES programs, a voluntary agreement between users and providers of environmental services to produce positive externalities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 105585"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144083860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nestor Fitz-Alvira , Martha Gabriela Gómez-Vasconcelos , Denis-Ramón Avellán , José Luis Macías , Juan Manuel Sánchez-Núñez , Guillermo Cisneros-Máximo , Daniel P. Miggins
{"title":"Geology and insights into volcanotectonic interactions of small-shield volcanoes south of Penjamillo Graben, Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field","authors":"Nestor Fitz-Alvira , Martha Gabriela Gómez-Vasconcelos , Denis-Ramón Avellán , José Luis Macías , Juan Manuel Sánchez-Núñez , Guillermo Cisneros-Máximo , Daniel P. Miggins","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105580","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105580","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Michoacán-Guanajuato Volcanic Field, the largest volcanic field in Mexico, is located in the central part of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. In this volcanic field, more than 1200 monogenetic volcanoes have been recognized, from which at least 378 are small-shields. Small-shield volcanoes are not the most abundant within this monogenetic field; however, they are important because they emplace large volumes of lava flows. Little work has been done on these volcanoes, so many unanswered questions exist about their origin, distribution, morphology, volume, and tectonic control. Based on geological mapping, stratigraphy aided by new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar radiometric dates, petrographic, chemical, and structural analyses, we characterized five small-shield volcanoes south of the Penjamillo graben to establish the eruptive chronology of the study area and evaluate their tectonic control. Stratigraphy and radiometric ages obtained from the literature and the five new <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages reveal that more than a dozen small-shield volcanoes were emplaced in the region throughout the Pleistocene between 2.09 and 0.11 Ma. The rocks associated with these volcanoes have andesitic calc-alkaline composition, with a mineral assemblage composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, and Fe-Ti oxides. The region is characterized by being structurally complex, suggesting that tectonic structures favor the ascent and emplacement of mafic magmas to form small-shield volcanoes. Moreover, the local tectonic structures controlled the morphology, volume, and spatio-temporal distribution of small-shield volcanoes south of Penjamillo Graben.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 105580"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francisco J. Prevosti , Cristo O. Romano , M. Amelia Chemisquy , Ricardo Bonini
{"title":"Evolutionary patterns of the mammals of the “Age of the Austral Plains” (Late Miocene–Early Pleistocene) from the southern cone of South America","authors":"Francisco J. Prevosti , Cristo O. Romano , M. Amelia Chemisquy , Ricardo Bonini","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The “Age of the Austral Plains” fauna of South America evolved between the Middle Miocene and the Pleistocene, a time with important environmental changes and biogeographic events. Evolutionary and recent studies of this fauna are very limited. Our aim is to analyze an expanded database of Late Miocene–Early Pleistocene mammals of southern South America, using the fossil record but controlling for preservation and sampling biases, in order to assess the quality of the fossil record and study the evolutionary history of this fauna in terms of species longevity distribution, diversity, and evolutionary rates. Results indicate that the fossil record of the “Age of the Austral Plains” fauna is far from complete and more fieldwork and chronological constraints are needed. Longevities obtained are comparable with the calculated for other mammals on other continents, but the use of different approaches impacts the results. The distribution of the longevity in different diet or body size classes showed that generalists and intermediate body size classes have larger median values, but the pattern is weak and there is a wide overlap between groups. Age-dependent extinction (ADE) analysis found that the “Age of the Austral Plains” fauna has a negative pattern between longevity and extinction rate, but the explanation of this pattern is not clear, and the impact of singletons should be further evaluated. The diversification, turnover, and demise of this fauna were probably related to environmental changes (global climates, tectonics), but the role of North American immigrants in its decline should be further explored.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"162 ","pages":"Article 105579"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Summary of the intracontinental seismicity of Uruguay","authors":"Leda Sánchez Bettucci , Martín Rodríguez Kacevas , Hernan Castro , Judith Loureiro Olivet , Enrique Latorres","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105578","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105578","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work provides the first comprehensive summary of seismic activity in Uruguay, incorporating recent instrumental records. Maintaining a detailed and comprehensive seismic compilation is essential for assessing seismic risks in intracontinental regions, where earthquakes typically have longer recurrence periods than those in tectonically active zones. This compilation includes precise information about the date, time, epicenter location, hypocenter depth, and magnitude of seismic events. Uruguayan seismicity is characterized by low to moderate-magnitude events, consistent with its geological location away from major tectonic plate boundaries. The study analyzes data from the national seismological network, including broadband and short-period seismometers strategically distributed throughout the country. Focal mechanisms primarily indicate reverse faults with some strike-slip displacement, with fault planes having approximately N-S strikes, consistent with the regional stress regime. Notable seismic events are discussed, including the Florida earthquakes of 2021 and 2022 and the Atlántida earthquake of 2023. The research employs several long-known methodologies and novel ones, such as applying AI techniques to detect events. Public perception and response to seismic events are also analyzed, highlighting the importance of education on seismology and seismic risk. This study underscores the need for continuous seismic risk assessment, especially in southern and central Uruguay, and emphasizes the role of ancient geological structures in accommodating current tectonic stresses. The findings contribute to refining seismic hazard models for Uruguay and provide a foundation for future paleoseismic studies to understand long-term seismic patterns in this intracontinental region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 105578"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carolina Bueno , Christian J. Sanders , Deborah I.T. Favaro , Santiago Guerrero , Felipe Hax Niencheski , Carlos Andrade , William Burnett , Isaac R. Santos
{"title":"Accumulation patterns of rare earths and other elements in coastal lake sediments under different land uses","authors":"Carolina Bueno , Christian J. Sanders , Deborah I.T. Favaro , Santiago Guerrero , Felipe Hax Niencheski , Carlos Andrade , William Burnett , Isaac R. Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The elemental composition of sediments can provide valuable records of environmental changes, including land-use impacts. This study evaluates the role of major, trace, and rare earth elements (REE) in sediment cores from three coastal lakes in southern Brazil which have been influenced by varying land-use pressures. These differing influences range from intensive agriculture to near-pristine wetlands. Using Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis, we quantified 25 elements in dated sediment cores and calculated enrichment factors (EF) to differentiate natural from anthropogenic contributions. The La-Sc-Th ternary diagram was employed to trace sediment provenance. Our results revealed contrasting impacts of land-use changes. Mirim Lagoon showed barium enrichment which was previously attributed to coal mining and combustion, while Mangueira Lagoon exhibited increased REE concentrations post-1950, likely linked to the use of agricultural fertiliser. Nicola Lake, by contrast, demonstrated minimal anthropogenic influence. Sediment dilution and resuspension in larger systems, such as Mirim Lagoon, mitigated observable changes despite intense land-use activities. These findings highlight the distinct responses of lake systems to land-use pressures, providing insights into their sedimentary dynamics and potential for environmental monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 105576"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patricia Kandus , Maira P. Gayol , Natalia S. Morandeira , Priscilla G. Minotti , Carlos G. Ramonell
{"title":"Wetland landscapes of the Lower Paraná River floodplain from an eco-hydrogeomorphic approach","authors":"Patricia Kandus , Maira P. Gayol , Natalia S. Morandeira , Priscilla G. Minotti , Carlos G. Ramonell","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105558","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105558","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to address the freshwater wetland landscape patterns of the Lower Paraná River floodplain and Delta region using an eco-hydrogeomorphic approach. We are motivated by the need for a better understanding of wetland diversity, ecosystem functioning, and the implications of human-driven changes and land use transformations. We built a geomorphologic (GEO) layer synthesizing the genesis and geoforms of the area. We developed hydrologic (HYDRO) layers to assess the distribution of shallow lakes and describe the main hydrosedimentological pulses. For the ecological (ECO) components we compiled information on vegetation and developed a layer of satellite-derived functional patterns as an indicator of landscape ecological dynamics. To assess the anthropogenic drivers, we summarized information on the main known anthropogenic wetland disturbances (ANTHRO). We integrated these multiple views with a spatially explicit methodology that uses GEO as the main spatial template to define the wetland landscapes. The Lower Paraná River region emerges as a fluvial-littoral complex with a large mosaic of wetland landscapes, distinguished by the diversity of eco-hydrogeomorphic situations that promotes the occurrence and establishment of high biodiversity and ecosystem functions. From this perspective, we built a detailed analysis of the emergent patterns that arose by integrating multiple views and information sources, contributing novel information and a comprehensive synthesis of the current knowledge of the Lower Paraná floodplain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 105558"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renan Nicolau Ribeiro da Rocha , Francisco Cézar Costa Nogueira , Cayo Cesar Cortez Pontes , Thiago Pedro de Lira Gomes , David Lino Vasconcelos , Leonardo Carvalho Palhano , Jorge Andre Braz de Souza , Yoe Alain Reyes Perez , Matheus Amador Nicchio
{"title":"3D modeling and fluid flow simulations along fault zone affected by silicification in Rio do Peixe Basin, Brazil","authors":"Renan Nicolau Ribeiro da Rocha , Francisco Cézar Costa Nogueira , Cayo Cesar Cortez Pontes , Thiago Pedro de Lira Gomes , David Lino Vasconcelos , Leonardo Carvalho Palhano , Jorge Andre Braz de Souza , Yoe Alain Reyes Perez , Matheus Amador Nicchio","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105574","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105574","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fault zones are known to influence the petrophysical properties of the rocks that accommodate deformation. However, the effect of a fault zone containing deformation bands and hydrothermal silicification on fluid flow remains underexplored. This study investigates the impact of the coexistence of deformation bands and hydrothermal silicification on the fluid flow based on a outcrop composed of conglomeratic sandstone within the damage zone of the Portalegre Fault in the Rio do Peixe Basin, an analog of siliciclastic reservoir in the northeastern of Brazil. Previous studies divided this outcrop into three zones according to the presence and degree of silicification: Zone I (non-silicified), Zone II (moderately silicified), and Zone III (intensively silicified). Porosity and permeability models were constructed for each zone, and numerical fluid flow simulations were conducted. Our results showed significant alteration of the permoporous properties, leading to significant fluid flow anisotropy. Zone I exhibited the highest oil recovery, with an average recovery factor of 34 %. Flow analysis revealed that silicification controlled the flow direction, and deformation bands were overridden by silicification. The silicification process led to a significant increase in anisotropy, which was crucial for enhancing sweep efficiency. This alteration elevated the tortuosity of fluid flow, thereby improving the lateral sweep efficiency within the study area. This process reduced hydrodynamic properties, causing strong permeability anisotropy, primarily attributed to mineral dissolution and the formation of preferential flow paths. The results from this research offer new insights into fluid flow prediction and production optimization for reservoirs with similar fault-related siliciclastic characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 105574"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surface and subsurface stratigraphic record of aeolian mobility on the southernmost coast of Brazil","authors":"Débora Sayuri Zanchi Watanabe , Eduardo Guimarães Barboza-Pinzon , Patrick Hesp","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many drivers are responsible for dunefield morphology and changes from mobile to stable states, with surface and subsurface records potentially registering past drivers acting on dunes. Phases of aeolian transgressive sand sheets (TSS) are recorded in an extensive stretch of the Holocene barrier of the southernmost coast of Brazil from the millennial to modern ages. Ancient phases of TSS are evident in the modern transgressive dunefield (TDf) of the Concheiros Barrier, marked by vegetated, crenulate low precipitation ridges. In this work, we examined surface and subsurface records of aeolian deposits, exploring possible past climate conditions that led to the formation of these features. A 1000 m-long Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) cross-section was conducted to determine whether these aeolian morphologies are observed in the stratigraphic subsurface record. Optical Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dates were taken from vegetated relict TSS phases on the coastal barrier. The GPR section identified a single radarfacies, interpreted as a TSS. A few TSS units could be individually recognized, indicating overlapping low precipitation ridges/TSS margins. OSL dating indicated aeolian activity at 30 ± 3 years (P01), 1244 ± 123 years (P02), and 1464 years ± 130 years (P03). The youngest age is correlated with sand mobilization from AD 1996–2000, as described by previous studies. This phase was induced by climate conditions and it was caused by decreased vegetation cover, lower rainfall and water tables, and increased wind velocity and aeolian drift potential. The episodes of TSS mobilization at 1244 (±123) and 1464 (±130) years ago may have been caused by either drier conditions or intensified wind regimes, as noticed in different parts of southern Brazil by other studies. These drivers likely have been shaping the Holocene barrier geomorphology at the Concheiros Barrier for over 1400 years, considering the ancient phases of TSS formation in the subsurface stratigraphic record.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 105564"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Raúl Arámbula-Mendoza , Rogelio de Jesús García-Flores , Nick Varley , Robin Campion , Dulce M. Vargas-Bracamontes , Miguel González-Amezcua , Alejandro Martínez-Fierros
{"title":"Study of lava dome growth and its partial destruction during September 2016 to February 2017 at Volcán de Colima, Mexico","authors":"Raúl Arámbula-Mendoza , Rogelio de Jesús García-Flores , Nick Varley , Robin Campion , Dulce M. Vargas-Bracamontes , Miguel González-Amezcua , Alejandro Martínez-Fierros","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105577","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105577","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The most recent eruption at Volcán de Colima, occurred between September 2016 and February 2017. During that period, lava effusion generated a dome, lava flows and rockfalls. Subsequently, explosive activity was observed for several months. The increase in seismic energy during the first days of October 2016, also led to a precautionary evacuation of a nearby community. Elevated levels of SO<sub>2</sub> flux were observed during the peak effusive phase in the early days of October, resulting in acid rain towards the southwest of the volcano. An analysis of the Frequency Index (FI) of discrete seismic events showed a change from low frequency energy to a high frequency energy; for several volcanoes this has proved to be a valuable indicator for assessing the transitions between ductile behaviour to a brittle state. For volcanic monitoring, it is crucial to comprehend parameters related to the transition from effusive to explosive activity. Additionally, the occurrence of seismic event families indicates a repetitive non-destructive source with events sharing similarities in waveform and spectral characteristics. Locating rockfalls through the amplitude attenuation method proves effective in identifying areas where lava flows, rockfalls, or Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDCs) occur. Photogrammetry was utilized to calculate the volume and effusion rate during the initial effusive stage, yielding a value of 1.3 m<sup>3</sup>s<sup>-1</sup>, consistent with typical rates for lava dome growth. Significant temperature variations were predominantly observed during the southward extension of lava flows and following explosive events. A combination of techniques is essential for a comprehensive evaluation of volcanic activity levels at Volcán de Colima and other volcanoes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 105577"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Claire E. Ruggles , Craig A. Miller , Basil Tikoff
{"title":"Shallow intrusion imaged by gravimetry records transient magma storage at the Laguna del Maule volcanic field, Chile","authors":"Claire E. Ruggles , Craig A. Miller , Basil Tikoff","doi":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jsames.2025.105573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Laguna del Maule volcanic field, Southern Andean Volcanic Zone, Chile, is a geological exemplar for investigating magma storage at shallow crustal levels. The high volume of eruptive products in combination with an active, shallow magmatic system allow for multi-disciplinary investigations into storage depths, longevity, and eruptibility of magma. New Bouguer gravity data from near the Cari Launa lava flows is combined with earlier gravity surveys to reveal a −7 mGal gravity anomaly. Inverse and frequentist probability models resolve the source of the gravity anomaly to be a ∼2100–2300 kg/m<sup>3</sup> density body, with the top and bottom of the body located at ∼250–2500 m below the ground surface, respectively. Forward models are used to test alternative geologic models for the source of the anomaly. Together, these models suggest that the observed gravity anomaly is best described by a shallow intrusion centered at ∼1000 m depth. The Cari Launa intrusion represents transient magma storage, in which shallowly emplaced magma rapidly cooled and degassed rather than erupted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50047,"journal":{"name":"Journal of South American Earth Sciences","volume":"161 ","pages":"Article 105573"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}