Annals of Geophysics最新文献

{"title":"Integration of Microtremor and PS-INSAR Analysis to Investigate the Susceptible Area in the Pronojiwo District (Indonesia) Following the 2021 East Java M6.1 Earthquake","authors":"Harun Arrasyid, S. Suwarto, S. Maryanto, Sri Dwi Wuryani, D. R. Santoso, Aris Subagiyo","doi":"10.4401/ag-9094","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9094","url":null,"abstract":"The East Java M = 6.1 Earthquake struck on April 10, 2021, at the bottom of the Indian Ocean, about 96 km south of Kepanjen District, Malang Regency, Indonesia. The neighbouring Pronojiwo District in Lumajang Regency suffered significant damages and loss of lives. The earthquake aftermath underscored the necessity of examining susceptibility factors in the Pronojiwo area for future mitigation efforts. This research focuses on assessing earthquake vulnerability in Pronojiwo District using two methodologies: microtremor analysis and PS-InSAR. Microtremor data were directly collected, while PS-InSAR data were acquired from the Sentinel-1 satellite and processed using the ranging from 0.579 × 10 to 24.840 × 10 s /cm, in Pronojiwo District, with notably higher values found in areas with Semeru deposits, characterized by soft sediments. PS-InSAR analysis indicates concentrated negative shifts in residential zones, signaling structural damage. Regions with elevated vulnerability index values and negative PS points are considered more prone to earthquakes and subsequent building damages.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behind the Italian catalogues: overlooked but far from negligible earthquakes","authors":"Sofia Baranello, R. Camassi, V. Castelli","doi":"10.4401/ag-9096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9096","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian parametric earthquake catalogue is the result of several decades of historical seismological research, based in its turn on a centuries-long tradition of descriptive earthquake compilations. Thanks to historical seismological research undertaken since the mid-1980s, knowledge of the major historical earthquakes in Italy has hugely improved. These studies, however, focused mainly on earthquakes already recorded in Mario Baratta’s extensive compilation I terremoti d’Italia (a summary of earlier descriptive earthquake studies, published in 1901), rather than on the identification of earthquakes still ‘unknown’ to the Italian seismological tradition. As the results of a systematic perusal of ‘serial’ historical sources show, it is still possible to discover locally significant earthquakes (i.e. important for improving seismic history and hazard assessment of given localities or areas) that no previous studies had ever considered. Initiating new research projects specifically aimed at the identification of earthquakes unknown to the seismological tradition is therefore essential to improve hazard assessments on a subregional and local level.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141676342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating Mt. Etna lava fountains by seismic and infrasonic signals: 14-21 February 2021 case study","authors":"Javier Martinez Moreno, Andrea Cannata, G. Di Grazia, M. Sciotto, Janire Prudencio Soñora","doi":"10.4401/ag-9053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9053","url":null,"abstract":"Infrasonic and seismic tremor are signals released by active volcanoes. These signals play a crucial role in monitoring volcanic activity and providing insights into volcanic dynamics and hazards. Between December 2020 and February 2022, Mount Etna was characterized by an intense eruptive period, during which monitoring efforts were employed to investigate the characteristics and source signals. Our work focuses on analyzing volcanic tremors in both seismic and infrasound signals to understand their behavior and relationship with the volcano’s dynamics. In particular, the interval 14‐21 February 2021, comprising 4 lava fountain episodes, was taken into account. Concerning the data analysis, amplitude, spectral content, seismic volcanic tremor and infrasonic explosion‐quakes source locations have been computed. The results reveal that the seismic amplitude is closely related to emitted magma volume during the lava fountains. The study finds that most of the energy in volcanic tremors is concentrated below 5.0 Hz. During eruptive episodes, both seismic and infrasound signals exhibit lower frequencies, with variations between different stations due to propagation effects. Finally, two different source mechanisms of the seismic tremor were suggested: i) flow of gasses through a shallower permeable solid layer is likely to be responsible for the generation of volcanic tremor during non‐eruptive periods; ii) magmatic flows along the shallow plumbing system and the consequent impact of particles on the walls of the conduit during eruptive periods.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the structure of crust and shallow upper mantle beneath western Tibet through the joint inversion of Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion with interpolated receiver functions","authors":"Ritima Das, Utpal Saikia, G. Saha","doi":"10.4401/ag-8984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8984","url":null,"abstract":"We present the 3-D shear wave velocity variationin the crust and upper mantle structure of western Tibet using a joint inversion of Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersion and interpolated receiver function. The lateral sampling of the receiver function and the surface wave dispersion is equalized by the interpolation scheme. This new method of spatial interpolation eliminates difficulties caused by back azimuthal variation in the receiver function. We have jointly inverted these interpolated receiver functions with the Rayleigh wave group velocity dispersions obtained from the earthquake and ambient noise tomography to map the tectonic structure of western Tibet. The study reveals remarkable variation of the seismic characteristics in the crust and shallow upper mantle of western Tibet. The mapped Moho depth is ~74 km in the northern part of the plateau, whereas it is ~69 km in the southern part. A thick mid-crustal slow-velocity zone from ~10km up to ~40 km depth has been observed, which could be attributed to partial melt. A noteworthy finding is the variation in slower crustal velocity between the south and north of the Lhasa Block (LB). We interpret this as the Indian crust that has been underthrusted beneath the Tibetan plateau, and the northern limit of the Indian lithosphere extends to the southern part of the LB.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141101949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can seismogenic atmospheric current influence the ionosphere?","authors":"V. Surkov, V. Pilipenko","doi":"10.4401/ag-9031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9031","url":null,"abstract":"The question of whether earthquake precursors can arise in the ionosphere is of a special interest in geophysics. Despite numerous encouraging reports on seismo-ionospheric effects, the mechanism of the lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) during the crust destruction phase was not revealed yet. One of hypothesis assumes that a seismogenic current transfers an abnormal electric field from the near-surface atmosphere to the ionosphere prior to an earthquake occurrence. This current can be caused by the air ionization due to enhancement of radon gas emission from the soil or upward movement of charged atmospheric aerosols. Here we present a theoretical model of the spatial structure of the electric field in the atmosphere and bottom ionosphere driven by a vertical external current in the lower atmosphere. Perturbation of electric field in the ionosphere has been derived in the approximation of the \"thin\" E-layer. Simple analytical estimates have been obtained that relate the horizontal electric field in the ionosphere, vertical electric field on the ground, and parameters of the external current. The electric field attenuation with altitude is caused by the increase of atmospheric conductivity and the horizontal spreading of current. The estimates obtained enable one to evaluate the feasibility of anomalous variations of electric fields in the ionosphere related to forthcoming earthquakes. The analysis has shown that the hypothesis on aerosol upward convection as a cause of ionospheric anomalies seems unrealistic. To interpret the occurrence of significant ionospheric anomalies it would be necessary to assume the presence of too large currents and electric fields in the lower atmosphere that had never been observed during non-thunderstorm periods.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Magnitude Scale and 1-D Velocity Model for Central Northern India","authors":"Deepka Kumar, G. Suresh, Mukat Lal Sharma, Subhash Chandra Gupta","doi":"10.4401/ag-9072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9072","url":null,"abstract":"Northern India's seismic monitoring has advanced significantly in the past with the establishment of a dense and well-distributed network of seismometers. This has greatly enhanced the ability to detect and analyze seismic events in the region and provided a high-quality dataset within the study region.  We use a 20-year dataset of 413 earthquakes comprising 3,191 P-arrivals and 2,986 S-arrivals to develop a one-dimensional velocity model for the region. The dataset is meticulously curated based on the azimuthal gap, minimum station requirements, and root mean square travel-time residual. A collection of preliminary models taken from previous studies conducted in and around the central north Indian region is subjected to random perturbations and utilized in a coupled hypocenter and one-dimensional seismic velocity inversion. The model exhibiting a reduced travel time residual in comparison to its predecessors is adopted as the final 1-D velocity model. This final five-layered model up to a depth of 100 km reveals a sediment thickness of 3.5 km with a P-wave velocity of 3.9 km/s and an upper crustal layer down to 20 km with a P-wave velocity of 6.01 km/s, and Moho depth of 42 km with P-wave and S-wave velocities at the Moho of 8.18 km/s and 4.71 km/s, respectively.  In defining the local magnitude scale for Central Northern India, we analyzed 166 earthquakes, ensuring each event had at least three synthetic Wood-Anderson amplitudes, with a data set comprised of 1404 maximum amplitudes of S- and Lg waves.  The derived ML scale, expressed as =log A (nm) + 0.752   log R (km) + 0.00129   R (km) -1.315+S, has been validated for earthquakes with magnitudes up to 4.6(Mw) over hypocentral distances of up to 1000 km.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141115217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-8th Century CE Seismic Sequences Along the Dead Sea Transform","authors":"Jefferson Williams","doi":"10.4401/ag-8836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8836","url":null,"abstract":"A comprehensive examination of textual, archaeoseismic, paleoseismic, tsunamogenic, and paleo-landslide evidence was used A comprehensive examination of textual, archaeoseismic, paleoseismic, tsunamogenic, and paleo-landslide evidence was used to characterize and construct a timeline for a series of earthquakeswhich struck the vicinity of the Dead Sea Transform in the middle of the 8th century CE. Particular attention was paid to nearly coincidental dates reported in Byzantine, Coptic and Judaic sources along with the time of day reported in three different textual accounts: Pseudo-Dionysius of Tell-Mahre, an apparently local and contemporaneous source, along with Severus Ibn al-Muqaffa’ and Mujir al‑Din both of whom sourced earlier accounts which were written in the first person and purport to reproduce eye-witness testimony. The timeline, supported by archaeoseismic evidence in Bet She’an and Pella, suggests that the Sabbatical Year Earthquakes likely struck within 17 hours of each other, the first one at night and the next one the following morning, between the Julian calendar dates of 16 and 19 January in 749 CE rather than being separated by 3 years. Insight from historical scholarship was used in conjunction with other observations to propose reasons why the disparate earthquake accounts present seemingly incompatible reports of earthquake timing. While the conclusions of this article provide a hypothetical rather than a definitive solution to the Sabbatical Year Earthquakes conundrum, it does appear that some sort of seismic unzipping1 occurred within a short amount of time and a number of destructive earthquakes, perhaps as many as six, impacted the Dead Sea Transform in the middle of the 8th century CE leading to widespread devastation from South to North and points in between.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141114390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the Rayleigh Surface Wave Inversion Method Based on the Improved Whale Optimization Algorithm","authors":"Wang Ren, Zhenan Yao, Zhibing Feng, Wenjie Li, Xiangteng Wang, Pan Wang, Chenhao Zhan","doi":"10.4401/ag-9042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9042","url":null,"abstract":"Surface wave exploration is widely used in fields such as near‑surface exploration and engineeringsurveys because of its advantages of high resolution near the surface, non-destructive testing, convenient construction, and high-cost performance. Dispersion curve inversion is a key step isurface wave exploration, and the inversion accuracy of subsurface elastic parameters is heavily dependent on the inversion method. Similar to other geophysical inversion problems, dispersion curve inversion has inherent defects such as multiple parameters and multiple extreme values. Therefore, the use of linear methods has certain uncertainties and instability. From the perspective of global optimization nonlinearity, this paper introduces the whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and improves it. The three population update mechanisms of the WOA are independent of each other, so the global exploration and local development processes in the optimization phase can be run and controlled separately. In addition, WOA does not require the artificial setting of various control parameter values, which improves the efficiency of the algorithm and reduces the difficulty of application. However, the WOA application still has slightly lower convergence precision and result accuracy in dispersion curve inversion, so this paper also proposes an improved whale optimization algorithm (IWOA) based on WOA. IWOA optimizes the initialization of the population and adds adaptive weight coefficients to enrich the population information and improve the convergence ability and local search ability of the algorithm. To test the applicability and noise immunity of IWOA for dispersion curve inversion, the noise-free and noise-contaminated dispersion curves of three theoretical models were inverted with IWOA. IWOA was also applied to the study of multi-mode model dispersion curve inversion. At the same time, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and WOA were also tested in the same inversion test to compare the performances of the PSO, WOA, and IWOA. The results of the above various experimental analyses show that IWOA has good applicability and noise immunity in the dispersion curve inversion of the theoretical model. The multi-mode dispersion curve inversion results show that IWOA is not only suitable for the inversion of multi‑mode data but also can significantly improve the accuracy of the inversion results. Compared with PSO and WOA, IWOA has a more stable convergence process and higher convergence accuracy. Finally, the measured data from the Arnarbæli area in Iceland (fundamental-mode surface wave data) and the Wyoming area in the United States (multi-mode surface wave data) were inverted to test the practicality of IWOA in inverting measured data. Analysis of measured data shows that IWOA is very suitable for the inversion of dispersion curves and can effectively quantitatively explain and solve practical engineering problems.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141116574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Focused and Smooth Inversion2D modelling of Magnetotelluric data from the Sabalan Geothermal Field in Northwestern Iran","authors":"Maedeh Hasanalizadeh Kolagari, A. N. Kalateh","doi":"10.4401/ag-8973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-8973","url":null,"abstract":"Magnetotelluric measurements from the Sabalan geothermal field in northwestern Iran have provided clear indications of geothermal reservoirs. This study aimed to identify shallow and deeper conductivity anomalies associated with geothermal systems in the Sabalan area. The magnetotelluric method is widely used for exploring subsurface resources, as it is suitable for detecting subsurface anomalies at significant depths. Based on modeling results, thick conductive layer was found near the surface of the Moil Valley area, where two reservoirs are embedded. The main reservoir, located on the west side of Sabalan volcano, extends from the south and southwest of Sabalan peak to the west and Moil valley. The dimensions of this reservoir are almost twice as large as the estimated volume obtained from previous studies. Another smaller reservoir is located to the north of the peak.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141117921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Remote sensing, archaeology and historical records: looking for 1624 earthquake traces in San Giorgio parish church of Argenta (Italy)","authors":"A. Pesci, Fabiana Loddo Fabiana Loddo, Giordano Teza Giordano Teza, Alessandra Rossetti Alessandra Rossetti","doi":"10.4401/ag-9070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-9070","url":null,"abstract":"The present work is part of a research program financed by INGV in order to look for traces of earthquakes occurred in the past on historical buildings. At that aim, a method based on remote sensing techniques was proposed and applied to San Giorgio parish church in Argenta (Ferrara, Italy). That church was chosen because of notable availability of historical and archaeological material, already catalogued in the past years, allowing the identification of structures belonging to periods before and after the 1624 earthquake. Data provided by terrestrial remote sensing techniques (digital photogrammetry supported by laser scanning) made possible the recognition of patterns that could be due to that strong seismic event or, in general, to one or more calamitous events. The results show that the proposed method can provide potentially useful data to help confirming or excluding historical hypotheses or helping to fill information gaps. However, it should be stressed that the proposed approach does not enable the identification of unknown seismic events, providing instead data that can be associated with already known events.","PeriodicalId":50766,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Geophysics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141118096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}