{"title":"AI adoption and ESG performance: Evidence from China","authors":"Ge Yang , Xudan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104659","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104659","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become deeply integrated into corporate operations and ESG performance emerges as a core indicator of corporate sustainability, investigating the relationship between AI adoption and corporate ESG performance, along with its underlying impact mechanisms, holds significant theoretical and practical importance. This study empirically examines the impact of AI adoption on corporate ESG performance using a sample of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2015 to 2023. Employing panel fixed effects models and mediation analysis, results indicate that AI adoption significantly enhances corporate ESG performance through three critical pathways: financing constraint alleviation, external oversight enhancement, and information disclosure improvement. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive impact of AI is more pronounced in non-state-owned enterprises, firms with optimistic managerial sentiment, high-polluting industries, and high-tech sectors. These findings contribute to the technology-sustainability literature by developing an integrated theoretical framework combining the resource-based view and stakeholder theory, and by identifying specific transmission mechanisms linking AI to ESG outcomes. Practically, the results provide valuable insights for policymakers implementing targeted AI policies, corporate managers pursuing strategic AI adoption, and investors incorporating AI metrics into sustainable investment decisions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104659"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and enterprise total factor productivity: A human capital requirement perspective","authors":"Chen Fan, Xuehui Liao, Xin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104661","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104661","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of the new technological revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth. This study constructs a novel AI indicator using Chinese internet recruitment data and examines the effects of AI on enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) from a human capital requirement perspective. The results indicate that AI can significantly enhance enterprise TFP. This improvement is primarily attributed to improved product competitiveness and optimized human capital structure. Moreover, this positive effect is more pronounced in the enterprises with greater intellectual capital, higher investment intensity in experienced AI-related human capital, and stronger government support. Further analysis reveals that widespread AI adoption induces resource reallocation within the industry. These findings deepen the understanding of the role of AI in enterprise production practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104661"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fintech innovation in green finance: A disruptive force or a complementary tool?","authors":"Fengsheng Chien , Yunqian Zhang , Muhammad Sadiq","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104658","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study deeply analyses the key role of FinTech in promoting the development of the green finance market through multiple econometric models. The study finds that FinTech significantly improves the transparency and efficiency of green finance market, especially in countries with developed economies and sound regulatory environments. The study reveals the important role played by FinTech in emerging markets, alleviating the structural challenges of green finance development by improving access to funds and enhancing risk management. The study also finds that, although FinTech promotes the development of green finance in various markets, the risks it brings are significantly different for developed and emerging markets. This paper not only verifies the positive impact of FinTech on green finance market but also provides empirical evidence for global policymakers to formulate differentiated strategies, emphasizing the importance of local regulatory and policy support for the integrated development of FinTech and green finance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104658"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Independent directors’ political connections and CEO compensation: Evidence from China","authors":"Yaohua Qin , He Xiao , Jinwen Lin , Luning Song","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104653","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104653","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the relationship between independent directors' political connections and chief executive officer (CEO) compensation in Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2018. Our empirical analysis reveals that politically connected independent directors (PCIDs) significantly reduce excessive CEO compensation. Channel tests demonstrate that this effect stems from PCIDs’ enhanced negotiation power relative to CEOs. The negative association between PCIDs and CEO compensation is attenuated in firms with politically connected CEOs but amplified in firms benefiting from substantial preferential bank loans and government subsidies. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that this negative relationship weakens in firms with stronger corporate governance mechanisms and state-owned enterprises (SOEs), while intensifying among firms led by experienced and talented CEOs. Our results remain robust across a battery of endogeneity checks and alternative specifications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104653"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The macroeconomic effects of money demand and capital liquidity: A financial accelerator perspective","authors":"Yongwu Li , Zhongfei Li , Baoling Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper establishes a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model including secondary asset market and financial accelerator mechanism, to examine the short-term impact of money demand shock and capital liquidity shock through the financial accelerator mechanism on the macro-economy, and compares this impact under two monetary policies (Taylor rule and strict monetary growth rule). Under the two monetary policy rules, the impact of short-term equilibrium change on the level of households’ conditional welfare is also analyzed by using the change of conditional consumption compensation. Our findings reveal that (1) the two shocks affect the price changes of bonds and capital, which in turn affect Fisher rate and capital return changes, then the changes of risk premium, and ultimately macroeconomics via the financial accelerator effect, this is a new channel for the two shocks to affect the macro-economy; (2) The increase of total money demand caused by the increase of shoppers is stronger than that caused by the increase of expected tradability of capital; (3) From the perspective of conditional welfare level, under Taylor rule, households prefer the economy in the steady state of low equilibrium money demand, while it is the opposite under the strict money growth rule, and no matter which monetary policy rule, households more prefer the economy in the steady state of low equilibrium capital liquidity. Finally, the empirical analysis based on SV-TVP-VAR model further verifies the theoretical results of DSGE model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104638"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can ESG rating help shape enterprises' new-quality productivity? Evidence from China","authors":"Yi Guo , Jinsong Hu , Yue Dou , Shuyi Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104654","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104654","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an advanced form of productive forces, new-quality productivity serves as a crucial engine for promoting high-quality development. Against the background of the exogenous shock caused by SynTao Green's first public release of the ESG rating of listed companies, this paper investigates the impact of ESG ratings on the new-quality productivity of Chinese companies. We employ the multiple-period difference-in-differences (DID) model in this study. The main findings are as follows: ESG ratings can significantly promote the new-quality productivity of enterprises. This conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests. The mechanism tests indicate that ESG rating new-quality productivity of enterprises by enhancing corporate innovation capacities and green productivity. Furthermore, the effect of ESG rating on new-quality productivity varies in accordance with different characteristics of enterprises, such as their lifecycle, new-quality productivity performance, degree of digital transformation, firm size, and market competition levels. In conclusion, we propose several policy implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104654"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cryptocurrency price-based comovement","authors":"Lai T. Hoang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104635","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104635","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study shows that returns of cryptocurrencies with similar prices move together. This price-based comovement is independent of comovements caused by other cryptocurrencies’ well-known common risk factors including size, momentum, past returns, past trading volume, or market returns. The results are robust to alternative estimation methods and data frequencies. Additional analysis shows that the relationship becomes stronger during periods of high investor sentiment, exhibits a long-run reversal, and holds within a sample of memecoins. These findings support a sentiment-based explanation of return comovement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104635"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does climate policy uncertainty affect a firm's lease versus buy decision? Evidence from the US","authors":"Fahim Sultanbawa , Hasibul Chowdhury , Ihtisham Malik , Anamul Haque","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104647","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104647","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine whether US firms prefer to use operating leases to purchase assets when faced with elevated climate policy uncertainty (CPU). Using a sample of 83,666 firm-year observations from 2000 to 2017, we find that CPU exhibits a significant positive relationship with operating lease intensity. The findings are robust to alternative lease and CPU proxies and alternative model specifications. Additionally, we find that financially constrained and environmentally exposed firms are more likely to increase their operating lease intensity during periods of tighter CPU. Consistent with the hedging property of leasing described by Smith (1979), leasing allows firms to form an ideal hedge against asset ownership when exposed to heightened risks induced by CPU. The findings are also consistent with financial contracting motivation (Smith Jr & Wakeman, 1985), suggesting that firms faced with greater CPU depend on leasing to avoid the higher cost of debt financing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104647"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xuanxuan Zhang , Jiefei Yang , Zhenzhen Li , Zili Zhang
{"title":"To give is to take: The effects of government deposits on bank risks","authors":"Xuanxuan Zhang , Jiefei Yang , Zhenzhen Li , Zili Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104644","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104644","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As government and financial sector funds become increasingly intertwined, managing the influence of government deposits on the financial system has become an important way for preventing the escalation of bank risks. Using data of China's city commercial banks from 2009 to 2017, we provide the first empirical test of the risk effects of government deposits and their transmission channels by employing a fixed-effects model and an instrumental variable approach. Our findings reveal that government deposits exert discernible credit allocation effects that exacerbate banks' risks. Specifically, the risk exacerbation effects are shaped by credit expansion, policy-orientated loan, and credit term structure. By using a panel threshold model, we find that the impact of government deposits on bank risks exhibits clear threshold effects depending on banks' equity assets and market environment. Furthermore, government deposits also influence banks' revenue, and are impacted by the pace of government expenditure. Our paper sheds new light on the relationship between government and financial system in a broader context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104644"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Imran Hunjra , Muhammad Azam , Nirosha Hewa Wellalage , Tapas Mishra
{"title":"Inflation bites: The dynamic interdependence between financial market volatility and energy consumption during pandemic","authors":"Ahmed Imran Hunjra , Muhammad Azam , Nirosha Hewa Wellalage , Tapas Mishra","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104651","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104651","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We examine how energy production, financial systems, and the COVID-19 pandemic influence inflation, eventually offering insights into cleaner energy transition policies. Using monthly data from 108 developed and developing economies from January 2017 to December 2022, we identify three key findings. First, Currency-based inflation poses a disproportionately greater threat to developing economies than to developed nations. It limits developing economies' investment opportunities in clean energy projects and constrains the speed of green technology adoption. Second, Financial instability creates unequal access to environmental and sustainable development funding, with effects that differ between developed and developing economies. Third, Energy production affects inflation differently in developing and developed economies due to significant gaps in sustainable energy infrastructure. Our results suggest that environmental policies should adapt to each country's development level to attain both global sustainability and economic stability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 104651"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}