{"title":"Green bonds and environmental violations in financially constrained environments","authors":"Chaoyu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of green bonds on environmental violations and investigates how corporate financial constraints and environmental sensitivity moderate this relationship. Utilizing data from publicly traded firms in China from 2009 to 2023, this study employed logistic regression as the baseline regression and finds that green bonds negatively affect environmental violations, thereby introducing opportunities for value creation within firms. Further investigations reveal that the negative impact of green bonds on environmental violations is more pronounced in non-financially constrained and environmentally sensitive firms. To validate the robustness of this research, we employ different approaches including fixed effect, one year lag, two-stage Heckman test and the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) to ascertain the uniformity of the results. The results have significant policy implications by emphasizing the importance of proactive environmental management in ensuring firms' access to green financing in emerging markets such as China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 104314"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Economic policy uncertainty, digital transformation, and bank systemic risk","authors":"Yun He , Wei Li , Xiaofen Tan , Yuchen Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104309","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104309","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using unbalanced panel data from 42 Chinese listed banks between 2010 and 2023, this study empirically investigates the effect of digital transformation on bank systemic risk under economic policy uncertainty. The results show that when the level of digital transformation is low, it amplifies the positive relationship between economic policy uncertainty and systemic risk. However, as digital transformation reaches a higher level, it mitigates the adverse impacts of this uncertainty on bank stability. This effect is more evident among national banks, banks with stronger innovation capacity, and those with higher liquidity creation efficiency. Mechanism analysis suggests that digital transformation primarily reduces systemic risk through improvements in banks’ operational efficiency and profitability, as well as by reducing interbank correlation risk. Based on these findings, the study recommends that banks accelerate digital transformation processes. It also advises regulators to implement differentiated strategies according to bank characteristics and support the integration of digital technologies in bank management to strengthen resilience against economic policy uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104309"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ming Qi , Jiawei Zhang , Danyang Shi , Shaoyi Feng , Jing Xu
{"title":"Systemic risk contagion and bailout effects in the global financial system","authors":"Ming Qi , Jiawei Zhang , Danyang Shi , Shaoyi Feng , Jing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper contributes to the finance literature by investigating the risk contagion and bailout effects in the global financial system. We use the bilateral exposure matrix to examine the impact of credit shocks and liquidity shocks on the global financial system when a Global Systemically Important Bank (G-SIB) is supposed to be in distress. The findings indicate that the global financial network is dominated by large and medium-sized financial institutions. Credit shocks does not play a significant role in risk contagion nor do they trigger the systemic risk in the global financial system. However, the global financial network is more vulnerable to liquidity shocks than to credit shocks. If a credit shock and liquidity shock overlaps with each other, the hybrid shock can exacerbate the risk contagion effects and lead to rapid propagation throughout the global financial network. If a regulator bails out the distressed institutions, the bailout efficiency increases with the number of rescued institutions. However, the improvement in of bailout efficiency decreases with the number of rescued institutions. If a regulator can promote financial institutions to raise the rollover ratio, the financial system will be more robust to shocks. This paper provides a ground view of systemic risks contagion and sheds light on directions for future research on systemic risk contagion in the global financial system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104298"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trust and commercial insurance participation: An incomplete contract perspective","authors":"Xiao Cao , Xiaomin Gong , Andi Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>From the perspective of the incompleteness of commercial insurance contracts, this study conducts a micro-level analysis of the impact of residents' trust on their behavior in commercial insurance participation. The findings indicate that trust and trust structure have a significant positive impact on residents' demand of commercial insurance protection and the willingness of insurance participation. Specifically, interpersonal trust primarily influences the willingness of insurance participation, while institutional trust plays a crucial role throughout the insurance decision-making process. Factors commonly associated with household insurance participation, such as disposable income levels, show the complement relationship with trust. Additionally, factors affecting residents’ rational decision-making, such as the purpose of insurance purchase and the sources of income, also influence the extent to which trust impacts the insurance participation decisions of residents. This study confirms the significant role of residents' trust in decision-making on commercial insurance participation, and the importance of both promoting the residents' trust level and transformation of trust structures in bridging the gap between the scale of Chinese insurance market and the income levels of local residents. This research provides new insights for improving the health security level of residents and perfecting the financial structure in the context of economic transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104301"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144470619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The smart city pilot policy and corporate supply chain resilience","authors":"Dongshu Cheng , Ying Wei , Mengchen Zhang , Chang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing data from China's A-share listed firms from 2012 to 2022, this study investigates how the smart city pilot policy influences corporate supply chain resilience. Our findings indicate that the smart city pilot policy significantly enhances corporate supply chain resilience by improving both human capital and financial capital. The results of the moderating effect analysis suggest that well-developed digital infrastructure in cities amplifies the policy's impact on corporate supply chain resilience. Furthermore, the heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effect of the smart city pilot policy on corporate supply chain resilience is more pronounced in non-high-tech firms and firms located outside the Yangtze River Economic Belt. Our study contributes to the literature on factors influencing corporate supply chain resilience from the perspective of policy support and provides valuable insights for optimizing smart city policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104317"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tax incentives and corporate technological innovation performance: An analysis from the perspective of R&D investment","authors":"Zihang Wu , Ning Zeng , Jiansong Song","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tax incentives, as a key government policy tool to drive technological innovation, have become a focal point for both academics and policymakers in recent years. This study analyzes the influence of tax incentives on corporate technological innovation performance using data from publicly listed companies over the period from 2006 to 2022. Our findings suggest a positive relationship between tax incentives and innovation performance, with the policy's effectiveness further enhanced by increased R&D investment. Additionally, this study reveals that green investors can strengthen the positive effect of tax incentives on technological innovation performance. Through a heterogeneity analysis, this paper explores how factors such as firm size, management model, artificial intelligence capability, corporate value, and company type influence the effectiveness of tax incentives. Results provide theoretical support for policymakers in designing more effective innovation-promoting policies and offer practical guidance for firms on how to leverage R&D investment and attract green investment and environmentally friendly external capital in response to policy changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144522864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Green bond issuance and corporate environmental and financial performance: A meta-analysis","authors":"Muhammad Arif Khan , Silvio Vismara","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104313","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104313","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green bonds align corporations’ financial investments with their sustainability goals. This meta-analysis synthesizes 132 estimates of environmental outcomes and 108 estimates of financial outcomes to evaluate the impact of green bond issuance on corporate performance. We find that while green bonds positively affect environmental performance, their impact on financial performance is not consistently significant. Subgroup analyses reveal significant heterogeneity in the financial outcomes, influenced by factors such as geographic region, bond maturity, chosen financial metrics, and methodological variations across studies. In contrast, the positive effect on environmental performance appears more robust across diverse contexts. These findings highlight the need for harmonized standards to reduce market fragmentation. Furthermore, targeted policy interventions, such as subsidies and capacity-building initiatives, are crucial to offset the costs associated with green bond issuance and encourage broader adoption across market segments. This study provides insights for policymakers, investors, and stakeholders aiming to enhance the role of green bonds in advancing sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104313"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Converting knowledge into Productivity: The role of intellectual property empowerment and digital economy in enhancing regional new quality productivity forces - Evidence from China","authors":"Yiling Liu, Yu-Cheng Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the context of China's ongoing digital transformation and the strengthening of intellectual property protection systems, cultivating new quality productive forces has become a key strategy for promoting high-quality economic development. This study investigates the synergistic effects of intellectual property empowerment and the digital economy on regional new quality productivity forces, drawing upon panel data from 31 Chinese provinces between 2012 and 2022. Utilizing an entropy weighting method, a comprehensive index system is constructed to evaluate new quality productivity forces, focusing on technological innovation, green transformation, and digital productivity. Utilizing a two-way fixed effects model, which controls for time-invariant characteristics and period-specific effects, we empirically examine the impacts of intellectual property empowerment and the digital economy on new quality productivity forces. Control variables include human capital, openness, industrialization level, urbanization rate, and economic development level. Robustness tests and instrumental variable approaches are applied to address potential endogeneity issues. Moreover, intellectual property protection and technological innovation serve as important mediating pathways in this relationship. The results also highlight regional heterogeneity, with industrial and service-oriented regions experiencing the most pronounced positive impacts, while resource-dependent areas demonstrate limited effects. These findings provide new theoretical perspectives and empirical evidence for strengthening intellectual property systems, advancing digital infrastructure, and promoting integrated regional innovation strategies. The study offers policy recommendations to support the coordinated development of intellectual property and the digital economy as dual engines for enhancing China's new quality productive forces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104316"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does trade uncertainty matter for the composition of energy consumption?","authors":"Xiyang Zhao , Xi Yang , Jilin Tian , Wenshou Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, we firstly identify the effects that trade uncertainty has on the composition of energy consumption using global panel data over the period 1990–2019. Trade uncertainty is innovatively constructed based on non-gravity trade, which has much more volatility than gravity trade, and non-gravity trade, is estimated from the unforecastable component of linear estimation in a gravity model, not being determined by economic fundamentals. Our results show that different types of energy consumption demonstrate heterogeneous responses to trade uncertainty shocks. Specifically, a 1 % increase in GDP induced by negative trade uncertainty shocks will increase the <em>non-renewable</em> energy consumption by around 1.2 %, while reducing the <em>renewable</em> energy consumption by around 1.7 %. These results survived a number of robustness checks including heteroscedasticity for identification, different types of energy, and different instrument variables, excluding trade uncertainty related to US–China trade tension, confirming that changes in energy consumption are triggered by the transitory income shock, driven by trade uncertainty.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does rhetorical nationalism promote innovation sustainability?","authors":"Lei Wang , Pu Zhao , Tingting Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.iref.2025.104303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of rhetorical nationalism on firms' innovation sustainability and its underlying mechanisms using data from China's A-share listed companies during 2004–2022. We find that rhetorical nationalism significantly enhances innovation sustainability, a conclusion that remains robust after a series of tests including GMM estimation, Heckman two-stage model, PSM, and random-effects model analyses. Mechanism analysis demonstrates that rhetorical nationalism primarily influences innovation sustainability through two pathways: government support and organizational identity. Heterogeneity analysis further indicates that the positive effect of rhetorical nationalism on innovation sustainability is more pronounced among firms without political ties and those with satisfactory performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14444,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Economics & Finance","volume":"102 ","pages":"Article 104303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}