Artificial intelligence and enterprise total factor productivity: A human capital requirement perspective

Abstract

In the context of the new technological revolution, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth. This study constructs a novel AI indicator using Chinese internet recruitment data and examines the effects of AI on enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) from a human capital requirement perspective. The results indicate that AI can significantly enhance enterprise TFP. This improvement is primarily attributed to improved product competitiveness and optimized human capital structure. Moreover, this positive effect is more pronounced in the enterprises with greater intellectual capital, higher investment intensity in experienced AI-related human capital, and stronger government support. Further analysis reveals that widespread AI adoption induces resource reallocation within the industry. These findings deepen the understanding of the role of AI in enterprise production practices.