GeobiosPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.10.002
Ros Fatihah Muhammad , Lim Tze Tshen , Mathieu Duval , Virginia Martínez-Pillado , Jian-xin Zhao , Clément Zanolli
{"title":"The Quaternary fossil assemblage of Layang Mawas Cave (Merapoh, Pahang) in Peninsular Malaysia: context, formation, composition and age constraints","authors":"Ros Fatihah Muhammad , Lim Tze Tshen , Mathieu Duval , Virginia Martínez-Pillado , Jian-xin Zhao , Clément Zanolli","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layang Mawas Cave represents the first numerically-dated Middle to Late Pleistocene fossil site in the eastern part of Peninsular Malaysia. Previous research mostly focused on the Quaternary fossil sites located in the western part of the peninsula that is distinctly separated from the east by the granitic Main Range batholith. A survey of the fossil-bearing breccia in Layang Mawas Cave yielded 21 remains, mostly tooth fragments and isolated teeth, from at least eight taxa. Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence suggest that all the fossils found in different areas of the cave relate to the same breccia formation event. The faunal assemblage is comparable with those from five other Middle and Late Pleistocene West Malaysian sites. It also includes a new biogeographic record for Pleistocene orangutan and the first directly-dated occurrence of a Proboscidea in the region. The polymictic nature of both allochthonous and autochthonous clasts with large grain size difference in the breccia indicates an intense mixing of fauna through successive episodes of deposition and post-depositional erosion. Our study suggest that the fossils were deposited as part of natural sedimentary processes over a long history of hydraulic or gravitational transportation and reworking, possibly after being accumulated by rodents. Direct dating of a few selected teeth from the fossil assemblage using U-series and ESR methods was quite challenging given the existing uncertainty around the dose rate evaluation. Despite some apparent scatter possibly partly resulting from this intrinsic uncertainty, our results nevertheless return a Late Pleistocene (MIS 5 to 4) age for most of the fossil teeth, while a last tooth coming from another area within the chamber most likely shows an older Middle Pleistocene age (MIS 7 or older). Although all dated specimens may be in first instance related to the same breccia formation event, we cannot reasonably exclude that some of them may have been reworked from significantly older deposits or correspond to various phases of fossil accumulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 47-62"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147410918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GeobiosPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.11.001
A. Lalrammuana , Lalramengi Fanai , Tanu Priya , Tushar Adsul , Suryendu Dutta , H. Lalremruati , Lal Hruaitluanga , Lal Remruata , J. Malsawma , Paul Lalnuntluanga , Arnabneel Gogoi , V. Lalramdina , Santanu Ghosh
{"title":"Palaeobotanical reconstruction and assessment of polymerization extent of Miocene ambers: Insights from spectroscopy and geochemistry","authors":"A. Lalrammuana , Lalramengi Fanai , Tanu Priya , Tushar Adsul , Suryendu Dutta , H. Lalremruati , Lal Hruaitluanga , Lal Remruata , J. Malsawma , Paul Lalnuntluanga , Arnabneel Gogoi , V. Lalramdina , Santanu Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation integrates Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral features with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) data to explore the botanical origin of Miocene ambers from northeast India, and to assess their polymerization extent. The FTIR spectra of these ambers exhibit strong similarities to those of modern Dipterocarpaceae resins, indicating a likely origin from the Miocene Dipterocarpaceae family. The presence of a distinct triplet band at approximately 1384, 1378, and 1369 cm<sup>−1</sup> further supports this botanical linkage. This study presents a novel evidence of <em>p</em>-cymene (<em>m</em>/<em>z</em> 119, molecular weight 134), a volatile monoterpenoid embalmed in Miocene ambers from northeast India. Besides, these ambers comprise C<sub>15</sub> bio-sesquiterpenoids (β-bourbonene, β-elemene, β-cadinene, β-cubebene, α-humulene, and germacrene D, among others), geo-sesquiterpenoids (calamenene (cadina-1,3,5-triene), dihydro-ar-curcumene, cadina-1(10),6,8-triene, and cadalene), C<sub>30</sub> pentacyclic triterpenoids (oleana-2,13(18)-diene, oleana-2,12-diene, oleana-2,18-diene, ursa-2,12-diene, A-neo-oleana-3(5),12-diene, and A-neo-ursa-3(5),12-diene), along with β-amyrone and α-amyrone, the oxidative derivatives of β-amyrin and α-amyrin, respectively. The co-occurrence of C<sub>15</sub> sesquiterpenoids and pentacyclic triterpenoids having oleanane and ursane skeletons suggests that the ambers represent Class II (dammar-type) resins, likely secreted by the abundant Dipterocarpaceae vegetation under the warm, humid conditions of the Miocene in northeast India. Furthermore, relatively higher abundance of geoterpenoids over these C<sub>15</sub> bioterpenoids, the presence of oxidized amyrins, lower 1700/1460 values (<0.60), and a higher 1384/1243 FTIR spectral ratio (>3.00) than those of the modern Dipterocarpaceae resins, suggest mild polymerization of these Miocene resins during fossilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 33-45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147410917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GeobiosPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-23DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.11.002
Allison Bronson , Alan Pradel , Pierre Gueriau , Neil Landman , Royal Mapes , Ben Otoo , John G. Maisey
{"title":"Vertebrate assemblage and depositional environment of the Fayetteville Shale (Upper Mississippian, middle Chesterian)","authors":"Allison Bronson , Alan Pradel , Pierre Gueriau , Neil Landman , Royal Mapes , Ben Otoo , John G. Maisey","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Upper Mississippian (Middle Chesterian) Fayetteville Shale has long yielded exceptionally preserved plant and invertebrate fossils, but its vertebrate fossils have only recently been investigated in earnest. These investigations have yielded numerous three-dimensionally preserved chondrichthyan remains, capturing key features for reconstructing early chondrichthyan relationships. Over the last several decades, paleobotanists and invertebrate paleontologists have collected vast numbers of phosphatic concretions from this formation. For this investigation, dozens of these concretions housed at the American Museum of Natural History were split open or µCT-scanned, revealing a diversity of vertebrate fossils previously unknown from these deposits. We provide an account of the vertebrate diversity, as well as a summary overview of previous hypotheses of Fayetteville Shale paleoecology and depositional environment. Synchronous synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction mapping, combined with powder diffraction, were used to characterize the elemental and mineralogical composition of a concretion and its fossil content. The obtained data support reconstructions of the depositional environment and explain the exceptional preservation of calcified cartilage but limited preservation of bone and shell.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 1-18"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147410473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental change and potential climate signal in the Burdigalian Upper Marine Molasse (North Alpine Foreland Basin)","authors":"Lukas Wildgruber , Haodong Chen , Bettina Reichenbacher","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Oligocene–Miocene sediments of the North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) provide a valuable continental archive for reconstructing paleoenvironmental change and exploring potential links to global climate cycles. This study focuses on middle Burdigalian deposits of the Upper Marine Molasse, specifically the widespread Neuhofen Formation (NH Fm.) at the Mitterdorf claypit (SE Germany), a key site for understanding regional environmental dynamics. We investigate paleoenvironmental shifts and the origin and timing of previously unexplored channel structures in the upper NH Fm. through detailed analysis of benthic and planktonic foraminiferal assemblages, along with oxygen and carbon stable isotope data. Eighteen samples were collected from two parallel vertical sections: one encompassing the sediment adjacent to a channel structure, and the other located within and beneath the sediment of the channel structure. Our results document a gradual shallowing of depositional environments from middle neritic (∼30–100 m) to inner neritic (∼0–30 m) conditions, under mostly warm surface-water temperatures of 23–24°C. Episodic freshwater influx, indicated by isotopic signatures and characteristic foraminiferal taxa, led to water-column stratification and elevated nutrient levels. Toward the top of the section, reduced isotopic offsets between benthic and planktonic foraminifera indicate weakened stratification in response to continued shallowing and potentially drier climatic conditions. The channel structures are interpreted as erosional unconformities, possibly formed by subtidal currents in a shallow marine setting. Integrating magnetostratigraphic age constraints from previous studies, our data support the interpretation that the global 405 kyr orbital eccentricity cycle around 17.67 Ma is recorded in the upper NH Fm., influencing regional climate conditions in the NAFB during the middle Burdigalian.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 63-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147410476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GeobiosPub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2025-12-02DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.09.002
Giuseppe Di Stefano , Piero Ceruleo , Angelica Ferracci , Angelica Fiorillo , Ivana Fiore , Maurizio Gatta , Mario Federico Rolfo , Leonardo Salari , Carmelo Petronio
{"title":"The Late Pleistocene Cervus elaphus from Grotta Guattari (San Felice Circeo, Central Italy)","authors":"Giuseppe Di Stefano , Piero Ceruleo , Angelica Ferracci , Angelica Fiorillo , Ivana Fiore , Maurizio Gatta , Mario Federico Rolfo , Leonardo Salari , Carmelo Petronio","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The red deer (<em>Cervus elaphus</em>) is among the most common species in Italian faunal assemblages from the Middle and Late Pleistocene. However, palaeontological deposits yielding numerous and well-preserved remains that allow for accurate morphological and biometrical analyses of this mammal are extremely rare. The abundant remains of <em>C. elaphus</em> from the recent investigation of Grotta Guattari, a cave well known for numerous <em>Homo neanderthalensis</em> remains, provide the opportunity to examine the characteristics of the red deer in the Italian peninsula during the MIS 4, a paleoenviromentaly particularly dynamic period. This study allows us to confirm some biochronological considerations on this species and to infer some paleoecological features of the site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"94 ","pages":"Pages 19-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147410475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiolarian distribution and its response to the monsoonal and oceanographic changes of the Northwestern Bay of Bengal during the last 7000 years","authors":"Veena Gopika Viswam , Neelakantan Ravindran Nisha , Kavya Aravind , Naveen Gandhi","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present investigation is the first contribution on the temporal distribution pattern of radiolarian fauna from the Northwestern Bay of Bengal (BoB). The present core spans up to 25 cal kyr BP based on the AMS <sup>14</sup>C radiocarbon dates obtained from planktonic foraminifera. The study documented the paleomonsoonal events for the past 7 kyr based on the quantitative distribution pattern of radiolarians. We report 26 radiolarian species among which 11 species are reported for the first time from the Northwestern BoB. In the present study, suborder Spumellaria was dominant (99.3%) over the suborder Nassellaria (0.6%). The radiolarian occurrence is noticed up to 7272 cal yr BP in the study area. In the Northwestern BoB, a strong monsoonal and high river discharge period is recorded during 7272–4424 cal yr BP, whereas weaker monsoonal period and aridification with episodes of increased upwelling activity is noticed during 4424–2678 cal yr BP. Simultaneous occurrence of intense monsoonal precipitation and upwelling activity is noticed between 2678 and 1000 cal yr BP. Alternate episodes of enhanced and decreased monsoonal activity associated with decreased upwelling events are recorded between 1000 and 800 cal yr BP and 800-Present time intervals, respectively. Thus radiolarian distribution in the study area was strongly influenced by the riverine discharge due to monsoonal precipitation and oceanographic conditions. Through this study, we propose the possibility of using radiolarian fauna as a proxy for paleomonsoonal as well as paleoceanographic studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 85-98"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GeobiosPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.002
Shi-Qi Wang , Tao Deng , Tingjiang Peng , Bian Wang , Qigao Jiangzuo , Jiao Fu , Danhui Sun , Luda Xing
{"title":"Early Miocene fossils from Shaoma, China, evidence Eurasia-North America ruminant exchange","authors":"Shi-Qi Wang , Tao Deng , Tingjiang Peng , Bian Wang , Qigao Jiangzuo , Jiao Fu , Danhui Sun , Luda Xing","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stem pecorans radiated globally near the Oligocene–Miocene boundary but remain poorly documented in China. We report a new stem pecorans, <em>Labrangomeryx dorcapolis</em> nov. gen., nov. sp. and previously reported <em>Sinopalaeoceros xiejiaensis</em>, from the earliest Miocene (∼23–20 Ma) of Gansu, China. <em>Labrangomeryx</em> nov. gen. exhibits bunoselenodont dentition with unique traits: a bifurcated p4 anterior conid, strong metastylids, and absent entoconulid in molars, linking Eurasian and North American taxa (e.g., <em>Pomelomeryx</em>, <em>Problastomeryx</em>). <em>Sinopalaeoceros</em> displays high hypsodonty and m3 entoconulid, resembling North American merycodontines rather than later Asian bovids. Both taxa lack cranial appendages, pointing towards a placement within stem pecorans. An enigmatic large p4 may present a tylopodan affinity, implying North American ties. These findings reveal early pecoran diversification in Eastern Asia and underscore transcontinental faunal exchanges during the early Miocene, bridging Eurasian and North American evolutionary narratives. The absence of crown-family cranial features highlights unresolved systematic positions but enriches understanding of pecoran morphological plasticity during their initial radiation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 99-115"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GeobiosPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.001
Davide Conedera , Tomaž Hitij , Stefano Monari , Roberto Gatto , Massimiliano Andreetti , Andrea Tintori
{"title":"The miniature fish Habroichthys (Actinopterygii; Peltopleuriformes): seven new species from the Middle Triassic of Italy and Slovenia reveal insights on its palaeobiology, palaeobiogeography, and palaeoecology","authors":"Davide Conedera , Tomaž Hitij , Stefano Monari , Roberto Gatto , Massimiliano Andreetti , Andrea Tintori","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper we describe new specimens belonging to the miniature fish <em>Habroichthys</em> (Actinopterygii; Peltopleuriformes) that come from recently discovered Middle Triassic Southern Alpine localities in the Dolomites and Lombardy (Northern Italy), as well as in Slovenia. <em>Habroichthys</em> is known from the Western to the Eastern Tethys (Europe to southern China), and the new specimens expand our knowledge on its anatomy. <em>Habroichthys</em> had an oval body outline, a box-shaped head, and sexually dimorphic anal hooklets. Otoliths and snout bones are documented for the first time. Seven new species are established: <em>H. zuitaensis</em> and <em>H. dincae</em> from the upper Ladinian Pelsa/Vazzoler Lagerstätte (Dolomites), <em>H. flaviae</em> from the mid-Ladinian of Castelveccana (western Lombardy), and <em>H. nietorum</em>, <em>H. bosi</em>, <em>H. veronikae</em> and <em>H. celarci</em> from various Anisian sites in the Kamnik-Savinja Alps (Slovenia). The study shows that <em>Habroichthys</em> had an ocean-scale distribution in the Tethys, and a chronostratigraphic range of ca. 7 myr. The oldest occurrence dates back to the early–middle Anisian of Western Tethys (Slovenia). The widest palaeogeographic distribution and the last occurrence date to the late Ladinian in the Dolomites, Germany, and in southern China. <em>Habroichthys</em> exhibited a stable anatomical structure with significant species-specific variability. The number of flank scales, combined with the scale-row of insertion of the pelvic, dorsal, and anal fins, are the most distinctive characters for species identification. Juvenile specimens allowed us to study its ontogenetic development characterized by body lengthening and thickening, ossification and broadening of skull bones and of flank scales, and appearance of dorsal and ventral scales. Finally, we propose some hypotheses about the habitat, sexual behaviour, diet, life mode and modern analogues of <em>Habroichthys</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 39-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
GeobiosPub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-10-10DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.09.001
Esperanza Cerdeño , Claudia I. Montalvo , Santiago Hernández Del Pino , Renata Sostillo , Gabriela I. Schmidt , Matías A. Armella , Rodrigo L. Tomassini
{"title":"Young individuals, deciduous dentition, and rooted teeth of Late Miocene Mesotheriidae (Notoungulata) from central Argentina: new data and interpretations on a long debate","authors":"Esperanza Cerdeño , Claudia I. Montalvo , Santiago Hernández Del Pino , Renata Sostillo , Gabriela I. Schmidt , Matías A. Armella , Rodrigo L. Tomassini","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Unpublished material of <em>Typotheriopsis chasicoensis</em> (Notoungulata, Mesotheriidae) from the Late Miocene Arroyo Chasicó locality (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina; Cerro Azul Formation) reveals ontogenetic changes in the cheek teeth (lingual grooves and proportions) among young individuals. Additionally, the specimen MD-CH-07-04 bears a rooted upper premolar. This sample sheds new light on the long-standing controversy regarding the deciduous/permanent mesotheriine premolars, but also raises new questions. No specimen considered as young (bearing an ‘extra’ premolar) has proved to be rooted through X-ray or CT-scan images. Among the compared mesotheriines from La Pampa Province, two specimens (Mesotheriinae indet. from Telén and Laguna Chillhué) show revealing features: one presents a rooted p4 and the other bears a permanent premolar (p4) positioned below and lingually to the rootless dp4, similarly to the holotype of ‘<em>Pseudotypotherium carlesi</em>’ (Huayquerías of Mendoza Province). Interpreting the rooted teeth is difficult, but their deciduous condition is herein discarded: in MD-CH-07-04, due to the occlusal morphology of both the rooted P4 and the accompanying molars compared with young individuals with P2; in the rooted p4 from Telén, its morphology is similar to that of other compared p4 without roots, and the mandibular bone does not indicate a very juvenile condition. The specimen from Laguna Chillhué and the holotype of “<em>P. carlesi</em>” are the first mesotheriines described with both deciduous and corresponding permanent premolars altogether. A better interpretation of these scarce cases of rooted and deciduous premolars would be possible with further findings and the revision of other large samples from single localities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"93 ","pages":"Pages 23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145738851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
IF 1.6 4区 地球科学
GeobiosPub Date : 2025-12-01DOI: 10.1016/j.geobios.2025.10.001