Geobios最新文献

{"title":"New machaeridian data from the Upper Ordovician of Scotland: Palaeoecological and global palaeobiogeographical implications","authors":"Yves Candela ,&nbsp;Consuelo Sendino","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2022.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2022.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>New machaeridian material housed in the National Museum of Scotland alongside the type material held in the Natural History Museum London<span> and the Sedgwick Museum of Earth Sciences, Cambridge, is documented here from the Ordovician of Girvan. The specimens are included in four taxa, three of these in open nomenclature. Syntypes and figured specimens of </span></span><em>Plumulites scoticus</em> by Nicholson and Etheridge (1879) and Withers (1926) are reviewed and the diagnosis emended. The description of these specimens follows standard terminology and we also introduce here a new terminology for Anterior Outer Shell Plate (AOSP). We also figure for the first time three unpublished letters from Mrs Elizabeth Gray to Thomas Henry Withers, where she criticises the illustrations of machaeridians published by Nicholson and Etheridge (1880) and Reed (1908), recognising issues identifying machaeridian plates and also clarifies a misunderstanding on some of the specimens described and illustrated in Reed (1908), being key for the distribution of <em>Plumulites peachi</em><span>. We assess the importance of machaeridians as part of the Lower Palaeozoic palaeobenthos and a key element of the palaeo-food chain. A review of the palaeogeographical distribution of the machaeridians is undertaken in the context of the Ordovician biodiversifications.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 153-166"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42978810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ordovician chitinozoans and review on basin stratigraphy, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of northern Argentina along the Proto-Andean margin","authors":"G. Susana de la Puente ,&nbsp;Ricardo A. Astini","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Ordovician strata exposed across the Cordillera Oriental and the Sierras Subandinas in northwestern Argentina were part of a large retroarc </span>foreland basin developed along the Proto-Andean margin within the Central </span>Andes<span><span> in South America. A revised chitinozoan biostratigraphy<span> along and across-strike for the Tremadocian, Floian, Dapingian, Katian and </span></span>Hirnantian<span> stages, calibrated with other fossil groups in the basin, allow pinpointing the most characteristic events that affected the basin fill testing global </span></span></span><em>versus</em><span> local controls in accommodation, and suggesting comparisons with other peri-Gondwanan records. According to the chitinozoan data, the glacially-related Ordovician deposits in northwestern Argentina are restricted to the Hirnantian, and unconformably overlie late Katian deposits. In the Caspalá area (Cordillera Oriental), an interval with synsedimentary deformation and reworked chitinozoans correlate with glacially-related deposits in other sites of the eastern part of the basin (Río Capillas and Mecoyita areas). A glacial waning stage is determined by a thin interval of organic‐rich black shales with sparse dropstones at the top of the Zapla Formation, containing </span><em>Spinachitina oulebsiri</em> associated with <em>Desmochitina</em> gr. <em>minor</em><span><span><span>, which together are typical latest Hirnantian components in other regions of Gondwana. Our study strengthens the foreland systems tract for the Ordovician Central Andean Basin with a volcanically fed interarc and </span>foredeep depozone to the west (Puna region); a lower-accommodation forebulge depozone in the central area (mostly the Cordillera Oriental region); and a backbulge depozone (Sierras Subandinas and Sierras de Santa Bárbara) extending as far as the eastern Paraná Basin (reaching Paraguay and Brazil). Contemporaneous unconformities driven by global sea-level fluctuations were amplified or reduced due to deepening-narrowing or widening-shallowing, allowing contrasted accommodation, respectively associated to loading and relaxation. Ordovician chitinozoans from the Central Andean Basin indicate Northern, Western and peri-Gondwanan affinities, although locally some more cosmopolitan species described in Baltica, </span>Avalonia and South China, are also recorded.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 199-226"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49616091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferruginous biolaminations within the pre-Hirnantian (Late Ordovician) of the Carnic Alps, Austria","authors":"Annalisa Ferretti ,&nbsp;Frédéric Foucher ,&nbsp;Frances Westall ,&nbsp;Luca Medici ,&nbsp;Barbara Cavalazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Well preserved laminated structures occur within the Upper Ordovician of the Cellon section in the Carnic Alps (Austria), a world-famous reference section for Silurian conodont biostratigraphy. Microfacies from the Upper Ordovician Uqua Formation were characterised by using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), an environmental scanning electron microscopy coupled with microanalyses (SEM/ESEM-EDX) and a confocal laser Raman microscopy. Ferruginous laminated structures overgrowing specific skeletal fragments occur in the lower part of the studied unit in the form of finely red-to greenish coatings composed of chamosite and goethite alternating with calcite bands. Laminae have arborescent to dendrolitic morphologies. Such morphologies suggest a biomediated genesis and the existence of a potential microbial factory acting in a nearby location from which coated material was later redeposited. These ferruginous coatings around organisms are not documented within the latest Ordovician Plöcken Formation at Cellon or in the coeval Wolayer Formation elsewhere.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 167-177"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016699523000281/pdfft?md5=30da9a4842ce81e37b3faae124947d49&pid=1-s2.0-S0016699523000281-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49665069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Ordovician bioclaustration revolution","authors":"Olev Vinn ,&nbsp;Mark A. Wilson ,&nbsp;Andrej Ernst ,&nbsp;Ursula Toom","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2022.10.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2022.10.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>There was a sudden increase in the diversity of bioclaustrations in the Sandbian (Late Ordovician) that continued somewhat more slowly in the Katian. The Sandbian was also the time when bioclaustrations became common, at least in Baltica. The major increase in the diversity of bioclaustrations in the Late Ordovician<span><span><span> was an outcome of the GOBE, and we term it the Ordovician Bioclaustration Revolution. The Ordovician </span>Bioerosion Revolution may partially be responsible for beginning of the Ordovician Bioclaustration Revolution in the Sandbian, as a number of these early bioclaustrations started their growth from initial borings. The diversification of bioclaustrations in the Sandbian involves mostly </span>bryozoans and, to a lesser extent, brachiopods as hosts. The Katian increase in bioclaustration diversity involves mostly corals as the hosts and was likely unrelated or at least less influenced by the Ordovician Bioerosion Revolution. A new broadly conical bioclaustration, </span></span><em>Kuckerichnus kirsimaei</em> nov. cgen., nov. csp., is here described from the growth surfaces of hemispherical trepostome bryozoan colonies of <em>Diplotrypa bicornis</em>, <em>Mesotrypa orientalis</em> and <em>Mesotrypa excentrica</em> from the early Sandbian (Late Ordovician) of Estonia.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"81 ","pages":"Pages 145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45505228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New caenagnathid (Theropoda: Oviraptorosauria) dinosaur specimens from middle and upper Campanian strata of West Texas","authors":"Steven L. Wick ,&nbsp;Thomas M. Lehman ,&nbsp;John D. Fortner","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>New caenagnathid dinosaur specimens from the upper Aguja Formation of West Texas comprise the most complete examples yet described from southern North America. Two individuals are represented. Osteohistology indicates that both were mature at their times of death. Although they share no overlapping elements, the two individuals are separated by overall body size, paleohabitat, and stratigraphic position and so they almost certainly represent different species. One individual consists of a partial hindlimb, but exhibits too few (3) characters to be phylogenetically informative and is, therefore, referred to an indeterminate caenagnathid – possibly one of two species previously recognized in coastal facies of the Aguja Formation. The second individual is more complete. It was recovered higher in section from more inland fluvial paleoenvironments and preserves fragmentary elements from throughout the postcranial skeleton. A histology-based growth model – the first for a caenagnathid – indicates that the second individual required at least five years to approach fully adult size. However, only 11 character states could be derived from its preserved remains. Phylogenetic analyses found this specimen deeply nested within Caenagnathidae, but were otherwise inconclusive and so it, too, is referred to an indeterminate caenagnathid. Nevertheless, several combined morphologies (e.g., absence of cervical epipophyses, dorsoventral depth of the hypapophysis on the second cervicodorsal vertebra, and greater trochanter of the femur only weakly separated from the femoral head) implies that the second individual represents an unknown species. One critical aspect of both specimens is that they provide significant new comparative material representing the sparse ‘southern’ caenagnathid record.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 93-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth patterns and affinities of Huizenodus oligaspinosus (?Cnidaria) from the lower Cambrian of South China","authors":"Jiachen Qin,&nbsp;Yunhuan Liu,&nbsp;Tiequan Shao,&nbsp;Xingyu Zhou,&nbsp;Mingjin Liu,&nbsp;Yanan Zhang,&nbsp;Qi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Helmet-like small shelly fossils from the Cambrian Fortunian Stage of South China are a class of morphological taxa with uncertain affinities. Here, we redefine the genera </span><em>Amoebinella</em> and <em>Huizenodus</em> and consider <em>Huizenodus oligaspinosus</em> to be a senior synonym of <em>Amoebinella echinata.</em> In addition, we report two compound fossils of <em>H. oligaspinosus</em><span> for the first time from the Fortunian Zhangjiagou Lagerstätte in southern Shaanxi. Their multi-branched, dendritic, rigid structure is similar to the skeletons in several groups of colonial anthozoans, and thus, </span><em>H. oligaspinosus</em> may represent the skeletal structure of an ancestral anthozoan. <em>H. oligaspinosus</em> could have further constructed its skeleton by producing secondary individuals from the main branches or the sub-branches of the primary individuals to accommodate more polyps.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triplinerved cinnamon from the Siwalik (middle Miocene) of eastern Himalaya: Systematics, epifoliar fossil fungi, palaeoecology and biogeography","authors":"Sumana Mahato ,&nbsp;Taposhi Hazra ,&nbsp;Sandip More ,&nbsp;Mahasin Ali Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.10.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Cinnamomum</em> Schaeffer (avocado, family Lauraceae), commonly known as cinnamon tree, is a highly diverse, economically important evergreen element of tropical and subtropical regions of the world. In the present work, several compressed leaf remains similar to modern leaves of <em>Cinnamomum</em> are recovered from the lower part of the Siwalik strata (middle Miocene) of Darjeeling foothills, eastern Himalaya. The fossil specimens are characterized by an elliptic to ovate lamina, acute to short acuminate apex, round to acute base, basal as well as suprabasal acrodromous type of primary venation, and anomocytic type of stomata. Based on leaf architecture (macro- and micromorphological features) and using leaf epidermal anatomy, these Siwalik fossil leaves are confidently assigned to the genus <em>Cinnamomum</em> and are recognized as a new species: <em>C. miocenicum</em> Mahato, Hazra et Khan. The evidence of current Siwalik specimens and earlier-reported fossil species similar to thermophilic <em>Cinnamomum</em> in appreciable numbers from other Siwalik localities (Darjeeling, Uttarakhand, and Nepal) suggests that <em>Cinnamomum</em> was a common Siwalik element, pointing toward the existence of tropical, warm and humid climate conditions during the Siwalik sedimentation time. This conclusion is also supported by epifoliar fungal remains recovered from cuticular fragments of this lauraceous taxon. This finding also represents an essential source of data for understanding <em>Cinnamomum</em>’s evolution and deep time diversification. We review in detail the biogeographic history and suggest possible migratory routes of the genus from an Asian perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 53-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taxonomy, biostratigraphy and paleobiogeography of Strenuaeva (Trilobita) from the Marianian (Cambrian Series 2) of Iberia","authors":"Luis Collantes ,&nbsp;Sofia Pereira ,&nbsp;Eduardo Mayoral ,&nbsp;Eladio Liñán ,&nbsp;Alexandre Sepúlveda ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Gozalo","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.09.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.09.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Problems surrounding the identification and systematics of taxa belonging to the trilobite family Ellipsocephalidae have been discussed for several decades. The ellipsocephalid genus <em>Strenuaeva</em> is revised herein on the basis of material from Spain, including the type material of the identified species together with newly collected specimens from the Ossa-Morena Zone and the Iberian Chains. Two species are recognized as valid for these regions: <em>S</em>. <em>sampelayoi</em> and <em>S</em>. <em>incondita</em>. The species ‘<em>S</em>. <em>melendezi</em>’ and ‘<em>Ellipsostrenua alanisiana</em>’ from Spain, as well as ‘<em>S</em>. <em>marocana</em>’ from Morocco, are considered junior synonyms of <em>S</em>. <em>sampelayoi</em>. Previous assignment of the Spanish species to <em>Issafeniella</em> is rejected. The abundant available material of <em>S</em>. <em>sampelayoi</em> made it possible to evaluate the taphonomical role in the preservation of some characters and to recognize intraspecific variability similar to that described in <em>S</em>. <em>inflata</em> from Baltica, reinforcing its assignment to <em>Strenuaeva</em>. Biostratigraphically, <em>Strenuaeva</em> ranges from uppermost Cambrian Stage 3 to uppermost Cambrian Stage 4. In Iberia, it is restricted to the middle Marianian in the Ossa-Morena Zone, whereas it is known from the lowermost middle Marianian to the lowermost upper Marianian in the Iberian Chains. <em>Strenuaeva</em><span> is known from Baltica (Scandinavia and Holy Cross Mountains, Poland), Iberia (Spain), Morocco and, possibly, western Avalonia (Newfoundland), hence being a characteristic genus of the Acadobaltic faunal Province.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 13-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and vegetation dynamics through the Oligocene to Early Miocene of North Africa (Egypt)","authors":"Mohamed I.A. Ibrahim ,&nbsp;Eman Bassiouni ,&nbsp;Rafik El-Ghareeb ,&nbsp;Azza Shehata ,&nbsp;Haytham El Atfy","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.07.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.07.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>This study documents palynomorph assemblages from the Oligocene<span><span> through the Early Miocene<span>, across the significant Warm-house to Cool-house transition, using a subsurface section from the AG-5 well, north Western Desert of Egypt. Although the Paleogene and Neogene strata occupied a large area of the land, little about vegetation and ecosystem processes that shaped the climate and biodiversity during this time window is known. Here, based on a comprehensive palynological analysis of the Oligocene to Early Miocene Dabaa and Moghra formations encountered in the AG-5 well, we show that the studied area was characterized by a humid tropical to subtropical climate during the Oligocene-Miocene time interval. The obtained results provide clear evidence of the poorly known Paleogene-Neogene ecosystem in </span></span>North Africa. In terms of palynostratigraphical framework, three palynozones covering the late Oligocene-Early Miocene interval are recognized. Moreover, the recovered palynomorphs inferred a deposition of the Dabaa Formation under a normal marine, inner shelf to </span></span>littoral environment<span>. However, for the basal part of the Moghra Formation, a deposition in an offshore marine environment, outer shelf (high sea level, 100–200 m depth) is assumed, whereas a deposition in shallow coastal lagoons, estuary, or delta environment (low sea level) is presumed for its uppermost part.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 31-51"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135614577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shelly coprolites record durophagous predation in the Late Ordovician Bohdalec Formation (Katian; Prague Basin, Czech Republic)","authors":"Russell D.C. Bicknell ,&nbsp;Jana Bruthansová ,&nbsp;Julien Kimmig","doi":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.geobios.2023.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Trace fossils<span> can illustrate important palaeobiological interactions within a fossil assemblage that body fossils do not record. A group of trace fossils that showcase feeding ecology, and evidence of predation, are </span></span>coprolites. Shelly coprolites are useful for documenting records of durophagous predators or scavengers within a substrate. To expand the record of these traces from the lower Paleozoic, here we present 12 shelly coprolites from the </span>Late Ordovician (Katian) Bohdalec Formation of the Czech Republic. These coprolites contain abundant </span><em>Onnia superba</em> (<span>Bancroft, 1929</span><span>) fragments with marked breakages across exoskeletal sections. Rarer evidence for gastropods, bivalves, crinoid debris, and another indeterminate shelly material are also observed within the coprolites. While the producer cannot be irrevocably determined, possible options are explored. We propose that larger, co-occurring trilobites and predatory cephalopods likely made the majority of coprolites. Furthermore, large unbiomineralised arthropods, such as phyllocarids and eurypterids are highlighted as possible producers. Continued examination of these trace fossils will highlight when and where similar interactions between trophic levels had occurred.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":55116,"journal":{"name":"Geobios","volume":"82 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135615508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}