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From Connectivity to Security: E-commerce Expansion and Crime Reduction in China 从互联到安全：中国电子商务扩张与犯罪减少
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70043
Zhengquan Cheng, Xiqian Cai
{"title":"From Connectivity to Security: E-commerce Expansion and Crime Reduction in China","authors":"Zhengquan Cheng,&nbsp;Xiqian Cai","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70043","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined the effect of e-commerce expansion on crime using China's Rural E-commerce Demonstration County policy. A panel dataset covering 1,982 counties from 2013 to 2020 was constructed from criminal court judgments and analyzed using a difference-in-differences approach to estimate the policy's effect on criminal activity. The results indicated that the policy significantly reduced crime, particularly property and public security offenses. The estimated reductions were statistically significant among defendants aged 31–60 and among those with at least a junior high school education. Additional analyses suggested that the crime reduction was associated with improved employment opportunities and higher incomes among local residents, as well as increased earnings and stronger settlement intentions among migrant workers. This paper highlights the role of digital development as a tool for public safety and social stability, offering novel evidence from a developing-country context.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"3-40"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Financing Constraints and Outward Foreign Direct Investment Performance: Evidence from Chinese Multinational Enterprises 融资约束与对外直接投资绩效：来自中国跨国企业的证据
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70044
Bijun Wang, Ziya Zhong, Yan Lin
{"title":"Financing Constraints and Outward Foreign Direct Investment Performance: Evidence from Chinese Multinational Enterprises","authors":"Bijun Wang,&nbsp;Ziya Zhong,&nbsp;Yan Lin","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70044","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined the relationship between parent companies' financing constraints and outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) performance of Chinese multinational enterprises, measured by the return on assets of their overseas subsidiaries. Firm-level data showed that parent companies' financing constraints were negatively associated with the operating performance of overseas subsidiaries, and this result remained robust across a series of robustness tests. The effect was more pronounced for subsidiaries whose parent companies had no export experience. Parent companies' financing constraints were associated with lower productivity and higher leverage among overseas subsidiaries. The results suggest that greater financial marketization, stronger industrial policy support, greater human capital investment, and greenfield entry may mitigate the adverse association between parent companies' financing constraints and OFDI performance. This study contributes to the literature by highlighting the role of parent companies' financing constraints in shaping overseas subsidiary performance and provides policy implications for improving firms' financing conditions and supporting OFDI development.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"41-77"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Special Economic Zone Upgrading and Firm Innovation 经济特区升级与企业创新
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70047
Qian Li, Yuandong Mu, Jinyong Zhan
{"title":"Special Economic Zone Upgrading and Firm Innovation","authors":"Qian Li,&nbsp;Yuandong Mu,&nbsp;Jinyong Zhan","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70047","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluated a policy reform concerning the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) upgrading in China. An SEZ–firm dataset was constructed utilizing granular geospatial data from Baidu Maps with a staggered difference-indifferences model to examine the impact of SEZ upgrading on firm innovation. It was found that upgrading boosted the technological innovation capabilities of firms. On average, firms in the upgraded SEZs submitted 1.9 percent more patent applications, comprising a 1.6 percent increase in the number of invention patents and a 1.0 percent increase in the number of non-invention patent applications, indicating that invention patents outpaced non-invention patents in growth. The policy impacts varied by firm productivity, regional economic conditions, and levels of industry competition. Mechanism analysis indicated that SEZ upgrading drove innovation by reducing innovation costs, expanding market access, and improving firm expectations. Greater institutional autonomy, combined with broader and more equitable policy support, played a critical role in enhancing SEZ efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"155-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Flow-specific Capital Controls for China 中国针对流动的资本管制
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70048
Fernando Garcia-Barragan, Guangling Liu
{"title":"Flow-specific Capital Controls for China","authors":"Fernando Garcia-Barragan,&nbsp;Guangling Liu","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper studies the macroeconomic and welfare effects of flow-specific capital controls using an asymmetric two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model calibrated to China. The framework distinguishes between inflow controls targeting entrepreneurs' external borrowing and outflow controls regulating financial intermediaries' foreign assets. Easing global financial conditions increases both capital inflows and outflows through collateral and balance-sheet channels. The results show that flow-specific adjustment-cost-based controls deliver more effective stabilization of targeted capital flows while generating much smaller macroeconomic spillovers than tax-based controls. While flow-specific outflow controls are welfare-enhancing, the welfare effect of flow-specific inflow controls is state-dependent and varies with different shocks.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"195-230"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tariff Hikes on Chinese Electric Vehicles: Impact on Global Automotive Supply Chain Resilience 中国电动汽车关税上调：对全球汽车供应链弹性的影响
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70049
Lei Wang, Yihan Chen, Thomas Ramsey
{"title":"Tariff Hikes on Chinese Electric Vehicles: Impact on Global Automotive Supply Chain Resilience","authors":"Lei Wang,&nbsp;Yihan Chen,&nbsp;Thomas Ramsey","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examined the impact of the EU's and the US's electric vehicle tariff policies on the resilience of the global automotive supply chain. Using a multiregional computable general equilibrium model, it simulated nine scenarios under three policy settings: conflict escalation, conflict de-escalation, and third-party mediation. The results indicated: (i) tariff sanctions imposed by the EU and the US failed to suppress China's automotive output, which instead increased by 0.21 percent to 1.83 percent under conflict escalation scenarios; (ii) conflict escalation scenarios inflicted significant welfare losses globally and impaired supply chain resilience. The resilience losses were particularly pronounced in the US (–0.155) and the EU (–0.147); (iii) cooperative strategies, such as technical standard alignment and foreign direct investment-driven integration, restored welfare and enhanced resilience across economies. These results affirm the viability of non-zero-sum strategies centered on institutional cooperation and technology exchange to mitigate trade tensions and strengthen automotive supply chain resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"231-266"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Robots in Green Production 机器人在绿色生产中的作用
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70045
Yuhuan Zhao, Jiayang Wang
{"title":"The Role of Robots in Green Production","authors":"Yuhuan Zhao,&nbsp;Jiayang Wang","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The question of whether robots, as a driving force of the new technological revolution, can facilitate green production has attracted much attention. This study developed a heterogeneous firm model including robots, energy, and pollution to investigate the impact of robots on firms' green production. The results indicate that: (i) robots reduced firms' energy and pollution intensity and promoted green production; (ii) financial frictions reduced the positive effects of robots on green production; (iii) the impact was facilitated by scale, technological, and structural effects; (iv) robots had a more significant positive impact on green production in state-owned and labor-intensive firms, and in regions with stronger green technological advantages and stricter environmental regulations; and (v) superstar firms amplified this positive effect – a marginal effect due to the heightened attention they received from investors, the media, and government.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"78-115"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Geographical Proximity to Supply Chain Networks Enhance Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance? 地理位置接近供应链网络是否能提高企业的环境、社会和治理绩效？
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70046
Zhuangxiong Yu, Wenjuan Zhang, Xunpeng Shi, Yang Yang
{"title":"Does Geographical Proximity to Supply Chain Networks Enhance Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance?","authors":"Zhuangxiong Yu,&nbsp;Wenjuan Zhang,&nbsp;Xunpeng Shi,&nbsp;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70046","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigated how geographical proximity to supply chain networks (SCN_GP) shaped corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance using data from Chinese listed firms from 2009 to 2023. By developing an innovative SCN_GP metric that combined geographic proximity with supply chain relationship significance, the study identified asymmetric effects. Proximity to key customers enhanced ESG performance through financial flexibility, cost optimization, innovation, and corporate sustainability awareness cultivation, whereas supplier proximity showed negligible impact. These effects were more pronounced in industries characterized by low environmental uncertainty, high market competition, and low pollution intensity, and for firms with low customer concentration, limited commercial credit relationships, or nonstate ownership. Further analysis showed that SCN_GP also generated economic benefits by reducing financialization and improving productivity. These findings underscore the strategic role of SCN_GP in enhancing corporate ESG performance, offering insights for sustainable supply chain design during the global green transition.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"116-154"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intergenerational Effects of Fertility Restrictions on Reproductive Choices 生育限制对生殖选择的代际影响
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70050
Caoyuan Ma, Heyan Tang, Muge Mou
{"title":"Intergenerational Effects of Fertility Restrictions on Reproductive Choices","authors":"Caoyuan Ma,&nbsp;Heyan Tang,&nbsp;Muge Mou","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper proposes an intergenerational compensation perspective on the long-term effects of fertility restrictions, whereby tighter fertility constraints imposed on parents may be associated with higher fertility among their offspring. Using provincial variation in fertility-related fines under China's family planning policies, an individual-level measure of parental exposure to fertility restrictions was constructed by combining province-specific penalty standards with women's reproductive ages. This measure was used to examine how fertility restrictions imposed on the parental generation affect the reproductive choices of their offspring. The study shows that the fertility restrictions imposed on the husband's parents were associated with significantly higher fertility in the offspring generation, consistent with an intergenerational compensation effect. The influence of parents on their children's fertility intentions, the sharing of childbearing costs, and increased parental resource transfers may help explain this association. Based on these findings, it is recommended that future fertility policies consider intergenerational dynamics, particularly by encouraging family-level support systems and reducing the economic burden of childbearing to foster sustainable population growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 5","pages":"267-304"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148962608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Standardization and Urban Entrepreneurial Vitality 标准化与城市创业活力
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70035
Jia Shen, Xiaohong Ren
{"title":"Standardization and Urban Entrepreneurial Vitality","authors":"Jia Shen,&nbsp;Xiaohong Ren","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Standardization, as an important means of promoting economic growth and enhancing competitiveness, plays a significant role in stimulating urban entrepreneurial vitality. Using panel data for 277 Chinese cities from 2009 to 2022, this study examined the effects and underlying mechanisms of standardization on entrepreneurial vitality using a multiperiod difference-in-differences model. The results show that standardization significantly increased entrepreneurial vitality by approximately 11.8 percent, as measured by new firm registrations. Mechanism analysis indicates that standardization enhanced urban entrepreneurial vitality through three main channels: improvements in the business environment, promotion of digital transformation, and reductions in transaction costs. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that this effect was more pronounced in the service sector. These findings enrich the literature on the economic effects of standardization and provide new evidence on how institutional arrangements shape entrepreneurial activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 4","pages":"42-74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cwe.70035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
China's Expressways and Population Shrinkage in Township-level Administrative Units 中国高速公路与乡级行政单位人口缩减
IF 2.9 2区 经济学
China & World Economy Pub Date : 2026-07-27 DOI: 10.1111/cwe.70036
Huanhuan Yang, Yang Yang, Jianyang Lei
{"title":"China's Expressways and Population Shrinkage in Township-level Administrative Units","authors":"Huanhuan Yang,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Jianyang Lei","doi":"10.1111/cwe.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Localized population shrinkage has become an increasingly important global phenomenon, particularly in China's township-level administrative units. This study constructed innovative indicators, using data for 16,364 township-level administrative units from the National Population Census of 2010 and 2020, to identify population shrinkage and assess the mitigating effect of expressway accessibility. The results showed proximity to an expressway significantly reduced population shrinkage. This effect was stronger in economically developed areas, in units located closer to county or municipal government seats, coastlines, or interprovincial borders, and in towns (zhen) rather than townships (xiang). The mitigating effect increased with the length of time an expressway was in operation. Mechanism analysis indicated that expressways can reduce population shrinkage by promoting nonagricultural industrial development and enhancing location suitability for development zones. Policy suggestions include improving the identification of population shrinkage, adopting differentiated town and township development measures, prioritizing expressway accessibility improvements in shrinking areas, and supporting development zones to promote nonagricultural industrial agglomeration.</p>","PeriodicalId":51603,"journal":{"name":"China & World Economy","volume":"34 4","pages":"75-117"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/cwe.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148616268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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