International Journal of Finance & Economics最新文献

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Relationship Between Pillars of Sustainability and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: Evidence From Emerging Economies 可持续性支柱与外国直接投资流入的关系:来自新兴经济体的证据
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2025-04-23 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3057
Tusharika Mahna, Sonali Jain, Surendra Singh Yadav
{"title":"Relationship Between Pillars of Sustainability and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows: Evidence From Emerging Economies","authors":"Tusharika Mahna,&nbsp;Sonali Jain,&nbsp;Surendra Singh Yadav","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3057","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study highlights the sustainable determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows that the host nations entail by boosting foreign trade with the rest of the world. We cumulate four pillars of sustainability (environmental, economic, governance, and social) and identify the influence each pillar has on FDI inflows. The study uses a two-step system and difference Generalised Method of Moments (GMM) to assess the dynamic panel data for the top 20 emerging nations specified by IMF from 2005 to 2019. The results exhibit that past year values of FDI inflows influence the current year values, and a significant relationship exists between sustainable determinants and FDI inflows arriving in emerging economies. The pollution haven hypothesis has also been observed by deploying linear and non-linear associations of carbon emissions. Through the findings, we conclude that the quality of FDI must improve for host nations to prosper along the other dimensions of sustainability. The results also suggest that host countries' MNEs and businesses adopt sustainable practices and innovative strategies to automate FDI towards the attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030. The implications will aid host economies' policymakers in reiterating the sustainable determinants of FDI and foreign investors in acknowledging the choice of the economy to invest in.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3044-3063"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Forecasting Digital Asset Return: An Application of Machine Learning Model 数字资产收益预测:机器学习模型的应用
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3062
Vito Ciciretti, Alberto Pallotta, Suman Lodh, P. K. Senyo, Monomita Nandy
{"title":"Forecasting Digital Asset Return: An Application of Machine Learning Model","authors":"Vito Ciciretti,&nbsp;Alberto Pallotta,&nbsp;Suman Lodh,&nbsp;P. K. Senyo,&nbsp;Monomita Nandy","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, we aim to identify the machine learning model that can overcome the limitations of traditional statistical modelling techniques in forecasting Bitcoin prices. Also, we outline the necessary conditions that make the model suitable. We draw on a multivariate large data set of Bitcoin prices and its market microstructure variables and apply three machine learning models, namely double deep Q-learning, XGBoost and ARFIMA-GARCH. The findings show that the double deep Q-learning model outperforms the others in terms of returns and Sortino ratio and is capable of one-step-ahead sign forecast of the returns even on synthetic data. These critical insights in forecasting literature will support practitioners and regulators to identify an economically viable cryptocurrency forecasting return model.</p>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3169-3186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijfe.3062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Influence of Sanctions on Corporate Reporting Behaviour: International Evidence 制裁对公司报告行为的影响:国际证据
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3064
Mohammad Abweny, Rizwan Ahmed, Chonlakan Benjasak, Dung T. K. Nguyen
{"title":"The Influence of Sanctions on Corporate Reporting Behaviour: International Evidence","authors":"Mohammad Abweny,&nbsp;Rizwan Ahmed,&nbsp;Chonlakan Benjasak,&nbsp;Dung T. K. Nguyen","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the impact of sanctions on corporate reporting behaviour, encompassing both financial and sustainability reporting. Utilising comprehensive data from the Global Sanctions Database (GSDB), the study reveals an asymmetrical effect of sanctions on corporate reporting behaviours. Specifically, our findings reveal a negative relationship between sanctions and earnings management, suggesting a more conservative and transparent approach to financial reporting during sanction periods. However, the relationship between sanctions and the quality of sustainability reporting is significantly negative, indicating a decline in sustainability reporting quality during times of sanctions. Furthermore, the study provides evidence that EU sanctions have a stronger influence on both types of reporting compared to US sanctions. The results also break down the effects of each type of sanction on corporate reporting, indicating that financial and trade sanctions have a significant impact, while military and other types of sanctions do not show a significant effect. Drawing from signalling theory, corporate reports serve to signal stakeholders about a firm's behaviour and alleviate the information asymmetry between managers and other stakeholders. Consequently, our study contributes to signalling theory by illustrating that distinct signals are conveyed through different reports during uncertain periods, such as sanctions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3322-3339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
COVID-19, Board of Directors and Pessimism in Annual Reports: An Intention to Mitigate Litigation Risk 2019冠状病毒病、董事会和年报中的悲观情绪:降低诉讼风险的意图
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3063
Khaldoon Albitar, Mahmoud Elmarzouky, ATM Enayet Karim, Ali Meftah Gerged
{"title":"COVID-19, Board of Directors and Pessimism in Annual Reports: An Intention to Mitigate Litigation Risk","authors":"Khaldoon Albitar,&nbsp;Mahmoud Elmarzouky,&nbsp;ATM Enayet Karim,&nbsp;Ali Meftah Gerged","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study examines the impact of corporate COVID-19 disclosure on the negative tone (pessimism) in annual reports. We also investigate how board size and board independence influence pessimism in annual reports. Using a U.K. sample from 2020, we employ various techniques to explore the COVID-19 disclosure-pessimism nexus. Our findings, supported by Tobit regression and a two-stage least squares (2SLS) model, reveal a positive association between COVID-19 disclosure and pessimism in annual reports. We observe that managers tend to disclose COVID-19 information pessimistically as a risk mitigation strategy, aiming to prevent future earning shocks and potential litigation costs. Interestingly, our results also indicate that large boards and independent directors can bolster governance power, safeguarding firms against potential litigation costs by increasing pessimism in annual reports, both during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3187-3200"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijfe.3063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ESG Meets DeFi: Exploring Time-Varying Linkages and Portfolio Implications ESG与DeFi:探讨时变联系与投资组合含义
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-30 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3060
Shoaib Ali, Manel Youssef, Muhammad Umar, Muhammad Abubakr Naeem
{"title":"ESG Meets DeFi: Exploring Time-Varying Linkages and Portfolio Implications","authors":"Shoaib Ali,&nbsp;Manel Youssef,&nbsp;Muhammad Umar,&nbsp;Muhammad Abubakr Naeem","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study delves into the connection between Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) indices and emerging Decentralised Finance (DeFi) assets. Specifically, it explores the ever-changing, frequency-based linkage between these ESG indices and innovative DeFi assets. Employing the wavelet coherence technique, we analyse a broad range of ESG indices, spanning emerging, developed and US indices, alongside various DeFi assets. This examination covers a period encompassing the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict to assess market linkages during extreme events. We then calculate optimal weights and hedge ratios for ESG-DeFi asset pairs to evaluate portfolio implications. Wavelet analysis results frequently show no connection between ESG indices and DeFi assets, underscoring the diversification benefits of adding DeFi to an ESG portfolio. However, this relationship notably strengthens at the pandemic crisis's onset, indicating DeFi assets lose diversification potential during turbulent times. Portfolio allocation should mainly favour ESG indices during normal periods, with minimal variations in optimal weights pre- and post-COVID. Meanwhile, hedge ratio analysis suggests DeFi assets make sound investments during crises, although hedging costs increase during turbulent periods. These findings hold relevance for investors, portfolio managers and policymakers.</p>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3119-3137"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijfe.3060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Environment Social and Governance (ESG) Score To Cost of Debt: Evidence From ASEAN Countries* 环境、社会和治理(ESG)评分对债务成本的作用:来自东盟国家的证据*
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3056
Moch. Doddy Ariefianto, Fitriani Rahmansyah, Valencia Wijaya, Viary Audreane
{"title":"The Role of Environment Social and Governance (ESG) Score To Cost of Debt: Evidence From ASEAN Countries*","authors":"Moch. Doddy Ariefianto,&nbsp;Fitriani Rahmansyah,&nbsp;Valencia Wijaya,&nbsp;Viary Audreane","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3056","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Environmental social governance (ESG) disclosure has become an increasingly important component in determining a company's financing cost (cost of debt-CoD). This phenomenon could be attributed to company reputation development and the rise of socially responsible investing. We contribute to the existing literature by investigating further the causality process of ESG scores to the reduction of CoD particularly in nonfinancial companies in one of the most dynamic world regions: Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). To meet our research objective; we applied difference-in-difference analysis to a dataset of 135 nonfinancial companies (that published ESG score in Bloomberg) from 6 ASEAN countries, using annual frequency data from 2012 to 2021 (1350 observations). We found that ESG does reduce CoD in the range of 21.3% (measured by interest expense) to 27.7% (measured by credit spread). Our finding is quite solid under an array of robustness checks.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3031-3043"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Vice Chancellors' Career Horizon Matter for University Sustainability Performance? The Moderating Role of Soft Information 副校长的职业前景对大学可持续发展绩效有影响吗?软信息的调节作用
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3052
Lee Roberts, Yang Wang, Ahmed A. Elamer
{"title":"Do Vice Chancellors' Career Horizon Matter for University Sustainability Performance? The Moderating Role of Soft Information","authors":"Lee Roberts,&nbsp;Yang Wang,&nbsp;Ahmed A. Elamer","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the evolving landscape of higher education, leadership plays a pivotal role in directing institutional strategies towards sustainability. This study examines how the career horizons of Vice Chancellors (VCs)—often akin to CEOs in the corporate sector—influences the sustainability performance of UK universities. Using a unique hand-collected dataset covering the years 2018–2022, our results show that shorter VC career horizons negatively impact universities' sustainability performance, indicating that VCs closer to retirement are more ethically and sustainability-focused. Moreover, we explore how the disclosure of soft information—characterised as boilerplate and forward-looking language in sustainability reports—affects this relationship. Our analysis indicates that this soft information significantly moderates the effects of VCs' career horizons on sustainability outcomes. Specifically, we discover that extensive use of forward-looking and boilerplate language tends to exacerbate the negative impacts of shorter VC tenures on sustainability performance. This research contributes to the academic discourse by documenting how leadership tenure and the strategic use of narrative in public disclosures interact to shape institutional sustainability. The findings advocate for a strategic approach in leadership appointments and reporting practices, enhancing the alignment between leadership characteristics and the long-term sustainability goals of higher education institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"2964-2980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijfe.3052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Do Socially Responsible Investment Funds Go Green? The Influence of Investment Styles and managers' Experience 社会责任投资基金如何走向绿色?投资风格与经理人经验的影响
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-26 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3061
Mathieu Mercadier, Yves Rannou, Mohamed Amine Boutabba, Jinzhao Chen
{"title":"How Do Socially Responsible Investment Funds Go Green? The Influence of Investment Styles and managers' Experience","authors":"Mathieu Mercadier,&nbsp;Yves Rannou,&nbsp;Mohamed Amine Boutabba,&nbsp;Jinzhao Chen","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3061","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We provide an holdings-based analysis of socially responsible investment (SRI hereafter) funds' greenness and its determinants in Europe over 8 years (2015–22). To this end, a segmentation of SRI funds by greenness degree based on k-means clustering is developed. Our results reveal that SRI funds' greenness depends on specific investment styles and the salient experience of managers in SRI. We verify that greening an SRI fund implies a higher stock selectivity leading managers to underweight their portfolios with fossil fuel stocks and raise the weight of green stocks once SRI market regulations in Europe have been implemented. Also, we find that active investment styles make SRI funds greener. Moreover, we provide evidence of counteracting experience effects provided that the more (resp. less) the manager is experienced in SRI (resp. mutual fund industry), the greener the fund is. In addition to those experience effects, we detect a gender diversity effect provided that a greater gender diversity in fund management teams contributes to increase SRI funds' greenness. Overall, our findings support the argument that the experience and abilities of fund managers are important factors for investors to consider when they choose SRI funds notably because skilled professionals with more experience in SRI are more likely to adapt to regulatory shifts.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3138-3168"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
CEO Age and Capital Structure Dynamics: The Moderating Effect of Overconfidence and Tenure CEO年龄与资本结构动态:过度自信与任期的调节作用
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3059
Ernest Ezeani, Bilal Bilal, Fulgence Samuel
{"title":"CEO Age and Capital Structure Dynamics: The Moderating Effect of Overconfidence and Tenure","authors":"Ernest Ezeani,&nbsp;Bilal Bilal,&nbsp;Fulgence Samuel","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Upper Echelons theory suggests that managerial characteristics will likely influence their financial decisions. Consistent with this theory, we examine CEO age's impact on Chinese firms' capital structure dynamics. We also investigate the moderating effects of overconfidence and tenure on the relationship between CEO age and capital structure. Using 18,235 firm-year observations from Chinese listed firms, we document a positive relationship between CEO age and leverage. The results show that the CEOs' age-overconfidence and age-tenure relationship have an inverse relationship with leverage. Particularly, we find that CEO overconfidence and tenure impact market leverage more than book leverage. Our sensitivity analysis indicates that young CEOs use less debt, consistent with the market-leaning hypothesis. We also find a positive relationship between CEO age and leverage in state-owned enterprises. Our results are robust for decomposition analysis, selection bias test and endogeneity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3092-3118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ijfe.3059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Market Efficiency and Equity Risk Premium Predictability 市场效率与股票风险溢价的可预测性
IF 2.8 3区 经济学
International Journal of Finance & Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1002/ijfe.3058
Leandro dos Santos Maciel, Ricardo Franceli da Silva
{"title":"Market Efficiency and Equity Risk Premium Predictability","authors":"Leandro dos Santos Maciel,&nbsp;Ricardo Franceli da Silva","doi":"10.1002/ijfe.3058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.3058","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work examines equity risk premium predictability in periods of market efficiency and market inefficiency. Efficiency is measured by the return's degree of multifractality, calculated from the multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis method. For the S&amp;P 500 index during the 1951–2022 period, the results show that market efficiency varies over time, with recurrent periods of statistically significant inefficiency (multifractality). Moments of inefficiency are associated with (i) a higher level of financial uncertainty—financial uncertainty Granger causes the degree of multifractality (inefficiency), (ii) a greater variability in the patterns of dependence of returns and also (iii) with periods of more relevant volatility clusters. In times of market inefficiency (efficiency), the use of financial (technical) indicators shows statistically significant in-sample and out-of-sample accuracy for equity risk premium prediction. When the market is efficient (inefficient), the use of financial (technical) indicators should be avoided due to the degradation of their predictive capacity. To build accurate and statistically significant predictions of the risk premium, thus enhancing decision-making processes, investors should monitor the informational efficiency status of the market before selecting financial and technical indicators as predictive variables. Finally, during market inefficiency periods, there is a greater polarisation of investors' opinions, with increased attention to fundamental variables for risk premium prediction, leading to a breakdown in price trend patterns, explaining the worst predictive capacity of technical indicators.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":47461,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Finance & Economics","volume":"30 3","pages":"3064-3091"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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