Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

{"title":"Attitudes towards invisible disabilities: Evidence from behavioral tendencies","authors":"Marine Granjon ,&nbsp;Nicolas Pillaud ,&nbsp;Maria Popa-Roch ,&nbsp;Benoite Aubé ,&nbsp;Odile Rohmer","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invisible disabilities account for 70–80 % of all disabilities yet are often overlooked in social psychology research. Despite their prevalence, these conditions are frequently misunderstood and less recognized, leading to potential biases and negative perceptions. This research aims to address a critical knowledge gap by investigating attitudes toward invisible disability. We hypothesize that attitudes toward invisible disabilities are more negative than toward visible disabilities. Using an immersive behavioral tendency paradigm, the VAAST (Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task), we were able to observe participants' approach/avoidance reactions in a simulated environment. Three studies (<em>N</em>_total = 444) were conducted. Studies 1 and 2 compared approach-avoidance tendencies towards visible and invisible disabilities, the former in the general population and the latter within a population of teachers. Study 3 used a variation of this paradigm, the Incidental-VAAST, to address control bias. Results, supported by multi-level frequentist and Bayesian statistics, as well as a mini meta-analysis, indicated consistently stronger negative attitudes towards invisible disabilities. By showing that individuals with invisible disabilities face greater prejudice than those with visible disabilities, this research advances our understanding of how visibility impacts social bias, adding depth to theories of prejudice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic analysis of test items through large language model embeddings predicts a-priori factorial structure of personality tests","authors":"Nicola Milano,&nbsp;Maria Luongo,&nbsp;Michela Ponticorvo,&nbsp;Davide Marocco","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for predicting factor loadings in personality tests through the semantic analysis of test items. By leveraging text embeddings generated from LLMs, we evaluate the semantic similarity of test items and their alignment with hypothesized factorial structures without depending on human response data. Our methodology involves using embeddings from four different personality test to examine correlations between item semantics and their grouping in principal factors. Our results indicate that LLM-derived embeddings can effectively capture semantic similarities among test items, showing moderate to high correlation with the factorial structure produced by humans respondents in all tests, potentially serving as a valid measure of content validity for initial survey design and refinement. This approach offers valuable insights into the robustness of embedding techniques in psychological evaluations, showing a significant correlation with traditional test structures and providing a novel perspective on test item analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individual differences in cyberpsychology","authors":"Julie Aitken Schermer ,&nbsp;Bruno Bonfá-Araujo ,&nbsp;Dritjon Gruda","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of suicidal-risk behaviors among Paraguayan in-school adolescents: A sex-stratified analysis","authors":"Taufique Ahmed ,&nbsp;Tanjin Kabir Aunto ,&nbsp;Md. Khalid Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study performs a sex-stratified analysis of the prevalence and predictors of suicidal risk behaviors (SRBs) among Paraguayan adolescents, utilizing data from the 2017 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The study’s participants comprised a sample of 3149 school-attending adolescents, of whom 51.2% were female. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risks and protective factors influencing suicidal-risk behaviors. The prevalences of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt, and any suicide-risk behavior were 13.8%, 13.3%, 11.2%, and 19.3%, respectively, and significantly higher among girls (suicidal ideation 9.3%, suicidal plan 8.3%, suicidal attempt 6.9%, and any suicide-risk behavior 12.1%) than boys. According to sex-stratified analysis, there are several risk factors identified for suicidal-risk behaviors among girls, including anxiety, loneliness, lack of a close friend, physical attack, injury, current drinking alcohol, and sedentary behavior. In contrast, bullying and fighting were more significantly associated factors with boys’ suicidal-risk behaviors. We found lower associations with SRBs among Paraguayan in-school adolescents, who reported higher parental supervision and regular homework checking. This study identified significant sex differences in suicidal-risk behaviors. Our study highlights a requirement for early screening programs and interventions aimed at high-risk adolescents in Paraguay to lower the risk of SRBs among this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The indirect effect of daily flow experience on affective well-being through less negative views on aging","authors":"Samuel Finnigan,&nbsp;Jiawan Zhong,&nbsp;Dwight C.K. Tse","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Views on aging fluctuate daily and may be influenced by everyday encounters and routines. By fully immersing and engaging in an activity (i.e., flow experience), adults in middle and late adulthood can enjoy heighted senses of control and competence that help combat their negative views on their age and aging process. This study aimed to examine whether greater daily flow experiences reduced negative views on aging and, in turn, were associated with affective well-being. In a diary study, 83 UK-residing participants aged 50 to 85 (mean = 62.16) completed daily surveys assessing their flow experiences in their main activities, negative views on aging, and positive and negative affect for 14 consecutive days. Multilevel structural equation modeling revealed that at both within- and between-person levels, greater flow experiences were related to lesser negative views on aging and, in turn, greater positive affect and lesser negative affect. Follow-up exploratory analyses indicated that whereas the within-person contemporaneous (i.e., on the same day) indirect effects of flow experiences on positive and negative affect remained significant regardless of chronological age, such effects did not “spill over” to the following days. These findings highlight the need to consider daily engagement in flow-conducive activities and call for a lifespan perspective to better understand its association with daily views on aging.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144588763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A funny thing did not happen at work: Humor styles are not strongly correlated with vocational interests","authors":"Julie Aitken Schermer ,&nbsp;Đorđe Čekrlija","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of humor in the workplace has received great attention. What is less known is how humor, specifically humor styles, correlate with vocational interests. Based on self-report responses from a community sample of 567 adults, we explored the relationships between humor styles and vocational interests. Affiliative humor style scores correlated positively with some artistic interests including performing arts and author-journalism. Self-enhancing humor style scores had moderate significant correlations with interests in adventure, nature-agriculture, and medical service. The aggressive humor style was positively associated with interests in science and had negative correlations with work styles such as accountability, planfulness, and job security. The self-defeating humor style was not strongly associated with vocational interests. When humor styles were added, with sex and age, in regression models, six of the seven vocational interest factors had significant predictions but only two models had at least one humor style significantly contributing, with the variance accounted ranging from 5% to 11%. The biology interest factor was significantly predicted by the self-enhancing humor style scores and the work style factor was significantly predicted by lower aggressive humor style scores. In general, these results suggest that humor styles are not strongly correlated with vocational interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining associations of general susceptibility to misinformation and health behaviors in the Netherlands","authors":"Thom Roozenbeek ,&nbsp;Tim van Meurs ,&nbsp;Philipp Schmid","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Widespread exposure to inaccurate, misleading, and false health-related information online poses a significant challenge to individual health behaviors, often benefiting industries that promote unhealthy lifestyles. Individual differences in general susceptibility to misinformation may offer protection against such influences, leading to healthier decision-making. In this exploratory survey study conducted among a sample of the Dutch population, we investigate the relationship between general susceptibility to misinformation and various health behaviors, including alternative health care usage, smoking habits, sugar-sweetened beverage consumption, and alcohol consumption. We find a positive association between general susceptibility to misinformation and sugary beverage consumption. We also find a positive association between misinformation susceptibility and smoking behavior, although significance of this relationship depends on the choice of control variables. Contrary to our expectations, we find a negative association between susceptibility and alcohol consumption, and no significant relationship with usage of alternative health care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100191"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145332142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the validity of three measures of loneliness through correlations and nomological networks","authors":"Kristi Baerg MacDonald,&nbsp;Julie Aitken Schermer","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Examining loneliness with self-reports can be done succinctly with a single item, briefly using a few items, or more extensively with longer scales. The present study examines three loneliness measures: a single item, a three-item scale, and a 20-item scale. Participants (<em>N</em> = 407) completed the three measures of loneliness, a personality inventory measuring six dimensions, and provided demographic information of age and sex. With respect to convergent validity, there were high correlations (between 0.49 and 0.69) among the three loneliness measures. Intraclass correlations demonstrated stronger profile similarity with demographic variables and personality dimensions for the three-item and 20-item loneliness measures compared to the single item. We conclude that each loneliness measure does assess a similar construct but caution using the single item only because of unknown reliability in cross-sectional studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144780615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does loneliness impact emotion perception? A systematic review","authors":"Kelly E. Faig ,&nbsp;Alexander C. Henoch ,&nbsp;Mary S. Mousa ,&nbsp;Karen E. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Loneliness, or perceived social isolation, is linked to significant long-term consequences for health. One mechanism through which loneliness contributes to health risk is via shifts in social cognition, particularly increased vigilance for social threats. While evidence suggests loneliness is associated with changes in how individuals interpret others’ intentions within social interactions, the specific cognitive and affective mechanisms underlying these effects are less clear. Expressions of emotion represent a unique and significant source of information about others’ intentions; being able to successfully understand and use these expressions to make inferences about others’ mental states guides effective decision-making and social behavior, and has consequences for health. This systematic review of literature on loneliness and emotion perception examines whether loneliness is linked to how individuals understand emotions in others, and whether patterns are consistent with increased vigilance to social threat. In contrast to theoretical predictions, the majority of studies found that loneliness demonstrated a lack of a relationship with emotion perception, or was associated with decreased accuracy in the recognition of emotion expressions in faces. It was not clear whether these effects occur across emotion states or are specific to certain emotion categories. We highlight the need for more research incorporating measures of chronicity of loneliness experiences and measures of emotion perception that generalize to naturalistic social interactions to better understand how loneliness shapes these processes. Identifying how links between loneliness and emotion perception impact long-term maintenance of social relationships, emotion regulation, and health risk is critical to elucidating specific mechanisms that can be used to inform more targeted and effective loneliness interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144830834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health, substance use, and stigmatization: A comparison of Canadian university students who abstain from or consume alcohol","authors":"Tanisse Epp ,&nbsp;Gord Garner ,&nbsp;Robyn J. McQuaid ,&nbsp;Sara Atif ,&nbsp;Chealsea DeMoor ,&nbsp;Kim Hellemans","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>While alcohol consumption among young adults in Canadian post-secondary settings has been widely studied, the experiences of students who abstain from alcohol remain significantly overlooked. This study addresses this critical gap by examining how alcohol abstinence relates to mental health symptoms, substance use patterns, and loneliness among Canadian undergraduates. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of stigma dynamics on university campuses and inform strategies to foster more inclusive, supportive environments for students who do not drink alcohol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Canadian undergraduate students between November 2020 and May 2021. Demographic, mental health, and substance use differences between students who were alcohol-abstinent and non-abstinent were analyzed with chi-squared and <em>t</em>-tests. Pearson correlations examined the links between motivations for abstaining and self-stigma and between alcohol use and attitudes toward those who abstain. Additional <em>t</em>-tests assessed gender differences in motivations for abstinence, self-stigma, and attitudes toward those who are alcohol abstinent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 180 participants, 48.9% were alcohol abstinent. Indifference was the primary motive for abstinence (<em>M</em> = 2.7, <em>SD</em> = 1.2). Students who were alcohol abstinent reported significantly lower cannabis use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) but higher levels of loneliness (<em>p</em> = .02) compared to those who were not abstinent. Fear of negative consequences and dispositional risk were significantly associated with higher levels of self-stigma (<em>p's</em> &lt; 0.05). Men demonstrated significantly higher levels of awareness and self-application of negative stereotypes related to alcohol use compared to women (<em>p</em>’s &lt; 0.05), reflecting a greater internalization of public stigma. Additionally, alcohol use was positively correlated with negative attitudes toward those who are alcohol abstinent (<em>p</em> &lt; .005).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study reveals the social and psychological challenges faced by students who abstain from alcohol, particularly the heightened levels of loneliness compared to their peers who drink. By identifying the factors contributing to self-stigmatization and social exclusion, our research fills a critical gap in understanding how abstinence is perceived in environments where alcohol consumption is the norm, such as university campuses. These findings are essential for informing targeted destigmatization efforts and shaping public health campaigns that challenge negative stereotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}