Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献_第5页

Do concreteness fading and guidance fading aid learning from perceptually rich visualizations? Changes in style lead to more cognitive load and interfere with learning 具体性消退和指导性消退是否有助于从感知丰富的可视化中学习？风格的改变会导致更多的认知负荷并干扰学习

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100112

Alexander Skulmowski

{"title":"Do concreteness fading and guidance fading aid learning from perceptually rich visualizations? Changes in style lead to more cognitive load and interfere with learning","authors":"Alexander Skulmowski","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Perceptually rich visualizations can overburden learners with too many details. As some learning tasks depend on realism and details, techniques that facilitate the cognitive processing of such visualizations are sought after. Concreteness fading has been proposed as an instructional method in which learners are first presented with a detailed visualization that is later replaced with a schematic version. A second technique that is thought to help learners is guidance fading, in which tasks get successively more difficult. In the first experiment (<em>n</em> = 125), fading the concreteness of an anatomical visualization, however, had a negative effect on learning, while using guidance fading during testing (realized by increasing the difficulty of the tests over time) had no effect. The second experiment (<em>n</em> = 107) was conducted to assess whether guidance fading implemented by first showing a complex model with color cues and later removing these hints can foster learning. The study revealed that this form of guidance fading had no effect on learning. The results have implications for the design of instructional visualizations and animations as they outline how changing the style of a visualization can interfere with building mental models. Based on the findings, educators should carefully consider whether they need to show visualizations that differ in their visual style in quick succession during a lecture or in an animation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49815249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loneliness in (inter)action: Behavioral correlates of loneliness in friendship interactions 行动中的孤独感：友谊互动中孤独感的行为相关性

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100135

Marcus Mund , Jingqi Yang , Pamela Qualter

引用次数: 0

Topographical map for quantities – Indeed? Commentary on Harvey et al 2013, 2017 工程量地形图——是吗？Harvey等人评论20132017

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100103

Tali Leibovich-Raveh

{"title":"Topographical map for quantities – Indeed? Commentary on Harvey et al 2013, 2017","authors":"Tali Leibovich-Raveh","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In an fMRI passive viewing task made in a 7T scanner, Harvey et al (2013) asked adult participants to passively view dots on a screen and reported a topographical map of quantities in the human intraparietal sulcus (IPS), suggesting that quantities are directly perceived, and their cortical organization may be fundamental to human abilities in mathematics. This paper, which was published in Science, got lots of attention and was cited 469 times since. In a later Neuroimage paper (2017), the authors analyzed the response to the visual features of the stimuli and suggested that the neural responses do not reflect the processing of visual features. I raise several reasons to restrict these conclusions. (1) the study design emphasized quantity over continuous magnitudes such as density and area. This may be problematic since neural activity can be influenced by attending to a specific dimension. (2) Poor control over continuous magnitudes. (3) The conclusions should be restricted to small quantities. (4) Task context influences neural activity, and (5) When the analysis is restricted to a specific cortical area, the conclusion should be restricted as well.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41851286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring blog narratives of parental loneliness: A thematic network analysis 探索父母孤独的博客叙事:一个主题网络分析

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100137

R. Nowland , G. Thomson , L. Cross , K. Whittaker , P. Gregory , J.M. Charles , C. Day

{"title":"Exploring blog narratives of parental loneliness: A thematic network analysis","authors":"R. Nowland , G. Thomson , L. Cross , K. Whittaker , P. Gregory , J.M. Charles , C. Day","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100137","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>UK-based national surveys and international longitudinal studies have shown that around a third of parents experience chronic or persistent loneliness. There is limited research about the experience of loneliness in parenthood, however blogs authored by parents, sharing their personal experiences about loneliness offer a potential rich data source. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyse blog narratives written by parents who had experienced loneliness to increase understanding of their experiences. One hundred and ninety-six relevant blog posts were identified, of which 157 had contact details to request permission to use the blog post in the study. Twenty-two parent bloggers gave their permission. Thematic network analysis was used to open code the blogs and 4 organising themes and subthemes emerged, which centred on a global theme of disconnection. Disconnection underpinned themes relating to a sense that being a parent was overwhelming, changes in identity linked to becoming a parent, difficulties in sharing feelings of loneliness with others, and a need for social connection. Findings point to parents being unprepared for the transition to parenthood, with implications for perinatal education and support, including further opportunities for parents to connect to reduce social isolation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49756021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to sensation seeking 感觉加工敏感性及其与感觉寻求的关系

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100100

Bianca P. Acevedo , Elaine N. Aron , Arthur Aron , Tracy Cooper , Robert Marhenke

{"title":"Sensory processing sensitivity and its relation to sensation seeking","authors":"Bianca P. Acevedo , Elaine N. Aron , Arthur Aron , Tracy Cooper , Robert Marhenke","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) is a trait associated with enhanced responsivity to environmental stimuli and the tendency to pause before acting. However, qualitative data suggest that some who are high in SPS may also be high in sensation seeking (SS), a trait characterized by the seeking of novel and intense experiences. Thus, this online study examined SPS and SS among 214 individuals (mean age, 30), using the Highly Sensitive Person Scale (the standard SPS measure), a standard measure of sensation seeking (ZKA-PQ); and the newly developed Sensation-Seeking Scale for Highly Sensitive Persons (SSS/HSP). We also measured risk-taking, impulsivity, and neuroticism, as control variables. Results showed that SPS (controlling or not controlling for neuroticism) was moderately negatively correlated with the ZKA-PQ, risk-taking and impulsivity; but positively associated with negative urgency—the tendency to act impulsively due to negative affect. Also, the validity of the SSS/HSP was supported, as it showed a strong positive correlation with standard measures of SS and risk-taking, a moderate association with impulsivity, and (as it was designed to do) a near zero correlation with SPS. In conclusion, although some individuals with SPS may express high SS, the two traits are largely separate; and the SSS/HSP is a reliable measure of SS, having items better-suited for the highly sensitive.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42687755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

The experience of loneliness among international students participating in the BBC Loneliness Experiment: Thematic analysis of qualitative survey data 参与BBC孤独感实验的留学生的孤独感体验:定性调查数据的专题分析

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100113

Kangning Zheng , Sonia Johnson , Ruby Jarvis , Christina Victor , Manuela Barreto , Pamela Qualter , Alexandra Pitman

{"title":"The experience of loneliness among international students participating in the BBC Loneliness Experiment: Thematic analysis of qualitative survey data","authors":"Kangning Zheng , Sonia Johnson , Ruby Jarvis , Christina Victor , Manuela Barreto , Pamela Qualter , Alexandra Pitman","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100113","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100113","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Loneliness is associated with poor mental and physical health in the general population. It is thought to be prevalent among international students, but few studies have investigated this. To capture what loneliness means in the everyday lives of international students we analysed data from 521 international students aged 16–40 years who participated online in the 2018 British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) Loneliness Experiment. Using the approach of thematic analysis of free‐text responses to a question probing the perceived meaning of loneliness, we identified six main themes: (1) Negative psychological and social aspects of loneliness; (2) The distressing experience of being alone; (3) Disrupted ability to make meaningful connections; (4) Sense of entrapment in a state of loneliness; (5) Awareness of others’ stigmatizing perceptions of oneself as lonely; (6) Perceptions of positive aspects of loneliness. These findings identified a range of negative social and psychological dimensions of loneliness in international students in relation to their well-being, emotional health, and social functioning, hampering the benefits to be gained from their overseas study. Higher education teaching staff, pastoral staff, and mental health professionals need to be more aware of the prevalence and impacts of loneliness and should tackle it in culturally appropriate ways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Connecting to our future, healthier selves: Associations between self-continuity measures and eating behaviors in daily life 连接我们的未来，更健康的自我:自我连续性措施与日常生活中饮食行为之间的联系

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100128

Richard B. Lopez , Brittany M. Tausen , Gabriel Traub , Effie Marathia , Blair Saunders

{"title":"Connecting to our future, healthier selves: Associations between self-continuity measures and eating behaviors in daily life","authors":"Richard B. Lopez , Brittany M. Tausen , Gabriel Traub , Effie Marathia , Blair Saunders","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the pursuit of healthy eating, as with many other health goals, most benefits for one's health are not realized immediately, but instead occur after a person engages in consistent patterns of healthy eating across many weeks, months, and years. Thus, being able to represent temporally distant benefits when making seemingly trivial daily eating decisions (e.g., choosing fruit salad rather than ice cream for dessert) should be a key determinant of healthy eating. Here, we tested a priori, preregistered hypotheses in a large online sample of adults (<em>N</em> = 360) by examining the role of self-continuity in people's daily eating behaviors, as well as the relationship between self-continuity and motivational factors behind people's decisions to eat healthy. We also examined the moderating influence of self-continuity on training in self-regulatory strategies intended to promote healthy eating. Overall, we garnered support for our hypotheses, as there were links between self-continuity measures, autonomous motivation levels, and daily eating of healthy and unhealthy foods, with participants’ ability to consider future consequences associated with unhealthy eating measures, and participants’ connectedness to their future selves associated with healthy eating measures. Taken together, the present findings suggest that continuity with one's future self is an important factor underlying daily eating decisions and successful goal pursuit in the eating domain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41396929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tooling and Construction: From Nut-Cracking and Stone-Tool Making to Bird Nests and Language 工具和结构:从坚果开裂和石制工具到鸟巢和语言

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100121

Michael A. Arbib , Dorothy M. Fragaszy , Susan D. Healy , Dietrich Stout

引用次数: 3

Trait self-control, emotions, and openness to alternative viewpoints 自我控制、情感和对不同观点的开放

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100131

Ming-Hong Tsai, Norman P. Li

引用次数: 0

Loneliness and friendship quality in early adolescence: Analyzing bidirectional associations 青少年早期的孤独感与友谊品质：双向关联分析

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100132

Flore Geukens , Susanne Buecker , Wim Van den Noortgate , Patricia Bijttebier , Guy Bosmans , Karla Van Leeuwen , Luc Goossens

{"title":"Loneliness and friendship quality in early adolescence: Analyzing bidirectional associations","authors":"Flore Geukens , Susanne Buecker , Wim Van den Noortgate , Patricia Bijttebier , Guy Bosmans , Karla Van Leeuwen , Luc Goossens","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The aim of the present study was to examine whether loneliness and friendship quality are bidirectionally associated with one another over time. Based on the Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (Cacioppo & Cacioppo, 2018) and the classical definition of loneliness (Peplau & Perlman, 1982), such a bidirectional association would be expected, but empirical research in this regard is limited. We used data from 615 adolescents (<em>M</em><sub>age</sub> = 10.77 years at Wave 1; 53.5% girls) in a three-wave longitudinal study with one-year intervals between successive measurement waves. Loneliness was measured using the peer-related loneliness subscale of the Loneliness and Aloneness Scale for Children and Adolescents. Friendship quality was measured using the help and closeness subscales of the Friendship Qualities Scale. To test our hypothesis we estimated a cross-lagged panel model. Higher friendship quality was associated with lower levels of concurrent loneliness, which is in line with findings of previous research. However, no significant across-time predictions were found between the two constructs. Hence, using a sample of early adolescents, we could not provide evidence supporting important aspects of the aforementioned loneliness theories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49541964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0