Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

{"title":"Loneliness in emerging adulthood: A qualitative study using cultural probes and in-depth interviews","authors":"Berit Kjærside Nielsen ,&nbsp;Lise Arnth Nielsen ,&nbsp;Mathias Lasgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Loneliness has become a great public health concern in the Western world, with emerging adults being particularly vulnerable. Prolonged loneliness in emerging adults is associated with poor mental health such as symptoms of depression and anxiety that may have negative implications for health and well-being in later life.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To explore and gain a deeper understanding of how loneliness develops over time and how it is experienced by emerging adults in their everyday life.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study is a thematic analysis of qualitative data consisting of cultural probes and in-depth interviews. Participants were recruited through targeted advertising on social media. During a week, participants aged 18 to 25 years old completed a cultural probe comprising open and evocative activities. These activities provided an opportunity for participants to explore their day-to-day existence, thereby contributing to the portrayal of their individual stories concerning loneliness in everyday life. After reviews of the cultural probes, in-depth interviews were conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants were 21 emerging adults (mean age 21.3), three men and 18 women. Following thematic analysis of the cultural probe material and interview data, three overarching themes were conceptualized: 1) The many faces of loneliness, 2) The interplay between low self-esteem, intrusive thoughts, and mental health in shaping loneliness, and 3) The duality of coping strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings from this qualitative study offer in-depth insights into the experience of loneliness among emerging adults, highlighting its multifaceted nature and interplay with mental health. Participants' narratives revealed a duality of coping strategies, where engaging in distracting activities provided temporary relief but perpetuated long-term loneliness, and attempts to reconnect with others were sometimes hindered by past experiences. The findings contribute to a richer understanding of loneliness during this pivotal life phase, with implications for interventions needed to address social disconnectedness, thereby contributing to the broader conversation on mental health and well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000081/pdfft?md5=4e850360ce9a7576e178c1cf0d48f795&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do narcissists possess a sense of purpose? Purpose-in-life and narcissism","authors":"Jenna Velji,&nbsp;Julie Aitken Schermer","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Narcissism is one of the oldest recognized personality traits in the history of psychological theory and research and has been suggested by some to be associated with purpose-in-life. The present study investigates the relationship between 15 subscales of narcissism and purpose-in-life based on self-report responses from 691 university students. Results revealed significant and positive correlations between purpose-in-life and seven of the narcissism scales. Significant negative correlations were between purpose-in-life with the subscales of shame and admiration. Nonsignificant correlations were found for six of the narcissism subscales and purpose-in-life. A direct-entry regression analysis demonstrated that approximately 38% of the variance in purpose-in-life was predicted by higher need for acclaim seeking and lower need for admiration narcissism scale scores. When the three-factor narcissism model was examined, purpose-in-life was significantly predicted positively by Agentic Extraversion and negatively by Narcissistic Neuroticism, accounting for 25% of the variance. The findings suggest that purpose-in-life may be a motive that delineates different dimensions of narcissism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000019/pdfft?md5=dfec6b8ec2c434b7c3e81fac3f435dc7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000019-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-regulatory adapting mechanism to changing work setting: Roles of playful work design and ambidexterity","authors":"Thu-Hang Hoang,&nbsp;Quynh Hoa Le","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In today's uncertain business setting, the intensity of rivalry amongst service firms requires a high level of quality and adaptability from service staff to fulfill increasing customer needs and wants. Indeed, every individual's ability to adjust to changing demands is vital for management to promote within their companies. The present study proposes and tests a novel self-regulatory adapting mechanism to examine the conditions within which service staff might activate their ambidextrous behavior which can be beneficial for their proactive service performance. Based on Trait Activation theory (TAT), Individual Adaptability Theory, and Job demands-resources theory, we analyze the direct and mediating effects of certain personal characteristics (Proactive Personality) and initiatives (Playful work design and Uncertainty adaptability) to activate the ambidextrous mode of employees toward higher proactive service performance. To test our hypotheses, we collected survey data from 368 frontline banking employees in all three regions of Vietnam. Practically, the results and recommendations from this study will assist in the hands-on management and motivation of service representatives toward better proactive performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000020/pdfft?md5=1debe098eec71c2d13573741d7f84cd6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wandering in the darkness of personality: Empathy, alexithymia and their relationship to the Dark Tetrad","authors":"Marialaura Di Tella ,&nbsp;Sara Veggi ,&nbsp;Agata Benfante ,&nbsp;Darrick Jolliffe ,&nbsp;David P. Farrington ,&nbsp;Lorys Castelli ,&nbsp;Georgia Zara","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Dark Tetrad is a group of four personality traits, namely Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism. Although these traits are conceptually distinct, they also share a number of common characteristics. Previous evidence has suggested that the Dark Tetrad traits could be associated with reduced empathy and difficulty recognising one's own emotions (i.e. alexithymia). The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between Dark Tetrad personality traits, alexithymia, and empathy in a large sample of the general population.</p><p>Data were collected via an anonymous online survey. A total of 1548 participants met the inclusion criteria and formed the final sample. Participants were asked to provide socio-demographic information and complete questionnaires assessing Dark Tetrad traits, empathy, and alexithymia.</p><p>Mediation analyses revealed that Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism had both a direct and an indirect effect on empathy, with alexithymia being a significant mediator in the relationship between these traits and empathy, even after controlling for age and gender. Conversely, narcissism was found to be significantly correlated only with alexithymia, but not with empathy.</p><p>Taken together, results show that people with Dark Tetrad traits may have alterations in their socio-emotional abilities, with difficulties in recognising and understanding their own feelings and those of others. Individual differences in the levels of alexithymia and empathy should be taken into account in the treatment of individuals with adverse personality traits in order to prevent socially dangerous behaviours.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000147/pdfft?md5=715658007d0ec53ba25bb86bd95351e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of depression predictors from standard health surveys using machine learning","authors":"Ali Akbar Jamali,&nbsp;Corinne Berger,&nbsp;Raymond J. Spiteri","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Depression has profound personal, societal, and economic impacts. Leveraging advances in technology can help identify predictors of depression. In this study, we compared seven machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify depression predictors using publicly available datasets from standard health surveys. We obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020, including medical, mental, demographic, and lifestyle information from 8965 individuals aged 18 to 80 years. Our study identified strongly correlated features of depression and demonstrated that ML algorithms can accurately identify depression predictors. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated using standard metrics. Among the algorithms tested, the Neural Network algorithm showed the highest overall performance, with an area under the curve of 91.34 %, which significantly outperformed results obtained with traditional statistical methods such as logistic regression and nomograms. This study demonstrates how ML can mine standard health surveys and identify depression predictors in a more accurate and nuanced fashion than other approaches. The findings of this study further suggest that incorporating heterogeneous data can enhance the performance of ML algorithms. These algorithms can be a valuable complementary tool for clinicians, particularly in remote settings, facilitating data analysis, and accelerating knowledge discovery in mental health studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000111/pdfft?md5=ab3610e3792e96dccdc900dd473925fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000111-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young people's recommended coping strategies to manage social isolation: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the UK","authors":"A. Jong, L. Riddleston, Manasvi Mathur, Kathleen B. Duncan, Konstantina Lalioti, Delia Fuhrmann, J. Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54038450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do concreteness fading and guidance fading aid learning from perceptually rich visualizations? Changes in style lead to more cognitive load and interfere with learning","authors":"Alexander Skulmowski","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54038377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Asymmetry between cost and benefit: The role of social value orientation, attention, and age","authors":"Laura Franchin ,&nbsp;Sergio Agnoli ,&nbsp;Enrico Rubaltelli","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Previous work showed that the willingness to help is impacted by the perception of the cost for the donor and the benefit for the recipient. Here we set up to extend this literature by investigating the role played by social value orientation (SVO), attention, and age (early adolescents <em>vs.</em> middle-late adolescents <em>vs.</em> young adults). Results showed that these three variables have a significant impact on the perception of the cost and the benefit of a donation. Exploratory analyses showed that perception of the cost is predicted by a three-way interaction between SVO, attention, and age (but the same three-way interaction does not predict the perception of the benefit). Finally, we found that the way the perceived cost and the perceived benefit impact the willingness to help is different for early adolescents compared to the other two groups. Early adolescents’ decisions are less impacted by perceived cost (and more impacted by perceived benefit).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49753933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preschoolers’ screen time and reduced opportunities for quality interaction: Associations with language development and parent-child closeness","authors":"Megan Gath ,&nbsp;Brigid McNeill ,&nbsp;Gail Gillon","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Children today spend an unprecedented amount of their time watching or interacting with screens. In this research, we examined the use of screen time (both television and electronic media use) in relation to preschoolers’ language development and the parent-child relationship. Participants were 84 parents and their preschoolers. Children ranged in age from 3 to 5 years old. Parents provided survey data and children were assessed on language ability and comprehension. Results show that preschool children who spent more time on screens, both television viewing and electronic media use, scored lower on language production, language comprehension, and parent-child closeness. Further, we found support for the displacement hypothesis, with significant indirect effects of screen time on language and parent-child closeness through reductions in shared reading and quality parent-child interactions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266651822300044X/pdfft?md5=262a3c3594263fd060f9ac2e79f62927&pid=1-s2.0-S266651822300044X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138327670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Less sense of control, more anxiety, and addictive social media use: Cohort trends in German university freshmen between 2019 and 2021","authors":"Julia Brailovskaia,&nbsp;Jürgen Margraf","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 outbreak brought many challenges for everyday life that could affect mental health. The present study investigated cohort trends of sense of control, anxiety symptoms and (addictive) social media use (SMU) in German university freshmen between 2019 (before the pandemic outbreak) and 2021 (after the pandemic outbreak). Data of overall 1,378 freshmen (three cohorts: 2019: <em>N</em> = 407, 2020: <em>N</em> = 563, 2021: <em>N</em> = 408) were collected by online surveys. The comparison of the three cohorts revealed a significant decrease of sense of control from 2019 to 2021 (effect size: Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.29 to 0.36). In contrast, anxiety symptoms (<em>d</em> = 0.25 to 0.28), time spent daily on SMU (<em>d</em> = 0.18 to 0.36), and addictive SMU (<em>d</em> = 0.26 to 0.31) increased. In all cohorts, we found the same result patterns. Anxiety symptoms and the SMU variables were significantly positively correlated (<em>r</em> = 0.171 to 0.469, <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Sense of control was significantly negatively correlated with the other assessed variables (<em>r</em> = -0.112 to -0.279, <em>p</em> &lt; .05 and <em>p</em> &lt; .001). Moreover, anxiety symptoms mediated the relationship between sense of control and addictive SMU. Thus, the COVID-19 outbreak and its consequences for daily life could affect the sense of control, anxiety symptoms and addictive SMU of freshmen in Germany. Potential ways how to protect young people against these potential negative effects are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100088"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48594747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}