Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献_第7页

All I do is win, win, win no matter what? Pre-game anxiety and experience predict athletic performance in the NBA 我所做的就是赢，赢，无论如何都要赢?赛前焦虑和经验可以预测NBA运动员的表现

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100120

Dritjon Gruda , Adegboyega Ojo

引用次数: 0

Measure for measure: Effects of money exposure, reward size and loss aversion on cheating 衡量标准：金钱暴露、奖励规模和损失厌恶对作弊的影响

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100110

Loreta Cannito , Riccardo Palumbo , Pier Luigi Sacco

{"title":"Measure for measure: Effects of money exposure, reward size and loss aversion on cheating","authors":"Loreta Cannito , Riccardo Palumbo , Pier Luigi Sacco","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>People sometimes behave dishonestly to collect undeserved monetary rewards. Prior research has shown that people put more effort into avoiding monetary losses than into making gains, and accordingly they cheat more to avoid losses than to acquire the equivalent amount (loss aversion). However, there has been a lack of research about how reward size and money exposure affect levels of cheating. Using a real effort task, we implemented a between-subjects experimental design to test the effects of framing (loss vs gain), reward size (small vs large) and money exposure (money vs no money) on individual real performance and cheating levels. The results revealed no significant differences in real performance. However, for cheating levels, all two-way interaction effects turned out to be significant (i.e., frame by size – frame by exposure – size by exposure). To disentangle the effects of the loss frame on cheating levels, a double moderated model was tested with reward size and money exposure as moderators. The model was significant with conditional effects revealing that the loss frame generally causes increased cheating level unless (i) participants were informed about a possible large reward they had not been exposed to, and (ii) participants were informed about, and exposed to, a small reward. Our results offer a partial replication of the finding that the level of cheating is higher within the loss frame than in the gain framing, which suggests that the relationship between framing and cheating behaviour can be moderated by other variables such as reward size and exposure to a reward. They also pose new questions for future research about complex joint effects on cheating behaviour, such as the combined influence of framing and default choices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41984141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Lay beliefs about self-control: A linguistic analysis 关于自我控制的信仰：语言学分析

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100107

Leigh Ann Vaughn , Patricia G. Burkins

引用次数: 0

What (if anything) is missing in reports of psychological interventions for loneliness? A TIDieR analysis. 关于孤独心理干预的报告中缺少了什么（如果有的话）？TIDieR分析。

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100136

Johanna C. Badcock , Julie Christiansen , Anna C. Badcock , Mathias Lasgaard

{"title":"What (if anything) is missing in reports of psychological interventions for loneliness? A TIDieR analysis.","authors":"Johanna C. Badcock , Julie Christiansen , Anna C. Badcock , Mathias Lasgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Current research suggests that individual differences in the experience of loneliness should be reflected in personalized approaches to treatment. Psychological interventions are effective in reducing loneliness and complete reporting of these approaches in treatment studies is recommended to facilitate their implementation in clinical practice. Here, an adapted TIDieR (<em>t</em>emplate for <em>i</em>ntervention <em>d</em>escription and <em>r</em>eplication) checklist was used to assess the quality of reporting of effective psychological interventions for loneliness, identified in systematic reviews, including adaptations to individual needs and circumstances. Thirteen articles were evaluated, 69% were randomised controlled trials. None thoroughly reported <em>all</em> details of the intervention. The results indicate that reporting of psychological interventions for loneliness is inadequate. Poor reporting of how interventions were tailored or modified for particular client's needs was noted (complete in only 23.1% and 7.7% of studies, respectively), making it difficult for clinicians to know how best to adapt treatment to individual differences in loneliness. Other essential treatment information is also often missing, such as the materials and procedures used, limiting translation of evidence into clinical practice and reproducibility in future research. Greater attention is needed to improve intervention reporting, and increased use of the TIDieR checklist may assist.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46000252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A review of evidence on the link between masculinity, loneliness, and suicide as observed in social media discussions 对社交媒体讨论中观察到的男子气概、孤独和自杀之间联系的证据进行综述。

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100129

Freddie Jones, Lily Verity, Margarita Panayiotou, Pamela Qualter

{"title":"A review of evidence on the link between masculinity, loneliness, and suicide as observed in social media discussions","authors":"Freddie Jones, Lily Verity, Margarita Panayiotou, Pamela Qualter","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review explores qualitative studies that examined the relationship between loneliness and suicide among young men (18–25 years) as it is discussed on social media. In the 8 papers we identified, analyses validated the relationship between loneliness and suicide in social media discourses. The findings also show that attitudes towards masculinity and mental health prevent some men from discussing mental health issues, which increases loneliness; other men had opportunities to share their experiences openly, breaking preconceived gender rules. Thus, the conceptualizations of gender appeared to affect individuals' expression of their mental health online, with traditional masculine ideals seemingly restricting individuals from reaching out for support, increasing loneliness. Papers often discussed how gender norms negatively impacted the degree to which men felt their mental health issues and loneliness were ‘tellable’. However, there was emerging evidence that some online platforms permitted tellability of men's mental health and loneliness issues. This review highlights the close relationship between loneliness and mental health, and how both are affected by all masculinities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47345347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How does divided attention hinder different stages of episodic memory retrieval? 注意力分散如何阻碍情景记忆提取的不同阶段?

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100139

Nursena Ataseven , Nursima Ünver , Eren Günseli

{"title":"How does divided attention hinder different stages of episodic memory retrieval?","authors":"Nursena Ataseven , Nursima Ünver , Eren Günseli","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Episodic memory retrieval is crucial for survival and can be impaired by divided attention. However, since memory retrieval consists of different stages, divided attention can impair each stage uniquely, leading to retrieval failures. It is important to acknowledge the multistage characteristics of episodic memory retrieval to understand the cognitive mechanisms that mediate the relationship between memory retrieval and divided attention. Here we attempt to unravel the role of divided attention in gating the access to long-term memories through its unique impact on a non-exhaustive list of six stages of a memory retrieval task: processing the retrieval cue, initiating a retrieval mode, searching for the target memory, reactivating the target LTM in WM, deciding on the accuracy of the retrieved content, and motor preparation to produce a response We describe how each stage might be affected by divided attention. To do so, we review not only studies on memory retrieval but also areas that constitute different stages described above given the lack of extensive research that explores the memory retrieval stages distinctively and the role of attention for each stage. We hope this work will contribute to carefully controlling and manipulating how different stages are affected by attention, which in turn will improve our understanding of the relationship between attention and memory retrieval.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518223000438/pdfft?md5=3beaef4f161f4e37f311fbec5d9673ef&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518223000438-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"92046609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Maternal cognitions and cognitive, behavior and emotional development in middle childhood 母亲认知与儿童中期的认知、行为和情感发展

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100098

Carolina Álvarez, Dénes Szücs

{"title":"Maternal cognitions and cognitive, behavior and emotional development in middle childhood","authors":"Carolina Álvarez, Dénes Szücs","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Maternal cognitions influence the mother-child relationship, and therefore children's development. However, some relationships between maternal cognitions and children's outcomes have yet to be investigated and most studies have been carried out in Western countries. We analysed how three maternal cognitions (depression, parenting stress, and parental sense of competence) were related to children's behavioural and emotional problems; self-esteem and bullying; math achievement, receptive vocabulary, and executive functions in a Latin American context.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 10,867 mother-child dyads: a nationally representative sample of children aged 7 to 12 years old (<em>M</em> age = 10.1 years; <em>SD</em> = 1.3; 49.16% girls). Data was collected in 2017 through home visits by the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey from Chile. The analyses we performed were descriptive, frequency, correlations, and multivariate regression. Our large, representative sample allowed us to estimate effect sizes precisely and the generalize of our results to a wide population.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Novel findings indicated that maternal depression was negatively related to children's self-esteem; parenting stress was negatively related to self-esteem and positively related to being bullied; parental sense of competence was negatively related to experiencing bullying and positively related to self-esteem, math achievement, receptive vocabulary, and executive functions.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Parenting stress was the single predictor that impacted all outcome variables. Maternal depression was mostly related to mothers’ perception of their children's behavioural and emotional problems and children experiencing bullying. Parental sense of competence predicted a diverse range of children's outcomes. We discuss how results can inform prevention and intervention programs targeting child-mother dyads.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100098"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45747105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Correlates of Self-Assessed Optimism 自我评估乐观主义的相关性

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100089

Adrian Furnham , Charlotte Robinson

{"title":"Correlates of Self-Assessed Optimism","authors":"Adrian Furnham , Charlotte Robinson","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>What are the bright- and dark-side personality trait, ideological belief, and mind-set correlates of self-assessed optimism? This paper reports on four studies, with a total <em>N</em> > 2000. In each, participants rated to what extent they were an optimist on an 8-point scale (high to low). We obtained demographic (age, sex) and ideological (political and religious beliefs) data in each study, as well as self-ratings on four variables (e.g., attractiveness, intelligence) which we aggregated and labelled self-esteem, which had alphas ranging from .70 to .80. We assessed personality, intelligence and other belief systems in different studies. Study 1 showed older, more religious, but less intelligent males with higher self-esteem and Belief in a Just World (BJW) were more optimistic. Study 2 showed older, more religious people, with higher self-esteem were more optimistic. Study 3 showed Open, Extraverted, Agreeable, Emotionally Stable, religious people with higher self-esteem and low on Negative Affectivity and Detachment, but high on Disinhibition, were most optimistic. Study 4 showed older, more religious people with higher self-esteem and lower Dweck fixed personality mindset beliefs were more optimistic. The concept and correlates of dispositional optimism and its measurement are discussed. Limitations and implications are noted.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100089"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46479074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Loneliness and lack of belonging: The experiences of migrant professional footballers playing in Europe 孤独和缺乏归属感:移民职业足球运动员在欧洲踢球的经历

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100124

G Farrugia , A Muscat

引用次数: 0

What determines feelings of belonging and majoring in an academic field? Isolating factors by comparing psychology and philosophy 是什么决定了归属感和专业感？心理学与哲学比较中的隔离因素

Current research in behavioral sciences Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100097

Heather M. Maranges , Maxine Iannuccilli , Katharina Nieswandt , Ulf Hlobil , Kristen A. Dunfield

{"title":"What determines feelings of belonging and majoring in an academic field? Isolating factors by comparing psychology and philosophy","authors":"Heather M. Maranges , Maxine Iannuccilli , Katharina Nieswandt , Ulf Hlobil , Kristen A. Dunfield","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Feelings of belonging are integral in people's choice of what career to pursue. Women and men are disproportionately represented across careers, starting with academic training. The present research focuses on two fields that are similar in their history and subject matter but feature inverse gender gaps—psychology (more women than men) and philosophy (more men than women)—to investigate how theorized explanations for academic gender gaps contribute to feelings of belonging. Specifically, we simultaneously model the relative contribution of theoretically relevant individual differences (empathizing, systematizing, and intellectual combativeness) as well as life goals (prioritization of family, money, and status) to feelings of belonging and majoring in psychology or philosophy. We find that men report higher intellectual combativeness than women, and intellectual combativeness predicts feelings of belonging and majoring in philosophy over psychology. Although systematizing and empathizing are predictive of belonging and, in turn, majoring in psychology and philosophy, respectively, when other factors are taken into account, women and men do not differ in empathizing and systematizing. Women, more than men, report prioritizing having a family, wealth, and status in choosing a career, and these directly or indirectly feed into feelings of belonging and majoring in psychology, in contrast to prior theory. Together, these findings suggest that students’ perceptions of their own combativeness and the extent to which they desire money and status play essential roles in women's feeling they belong in psychology and men's feeling they belong in philosophy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100097"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41450883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0