Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

{"title":"Reducing overhead aversion in charitable giving through information and introspection","authors":"Hulda Karlsson-Larsson ,&nbsp;Hajdi Moche ,&nbsp;Daniel Västfjäll","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Donors are less likely to donate to charities with high overhead levels. Can giving information about what the overhead covers and its effect on charity effectiveness, combined with deliberating on that information (introspection) reduce such overhead aversion? To answer this, two experiments were performed (1: N = 1017; 2: N = 814), comparing the proportion of donations to one of two charities that varied in overhead levels (0 % or 50 %). Experiment 1 aimed to replicate the overhead aversion effect and examine if it may be mitigated with information and/or introspection. Experiment 2 explored the impact of information content. We find overhead aversion in both experiments. Combining nuanced information about overhead with introspection reduced overhead aversion. Moreover, the results indicate that donors are responsive to the content of the overhead information.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring sensory processing sensitivity: Relationships with mental and somatic health, interactions with positive and negative environments, and evidence for differential susceptibility","authors":"Christienne G. Damatac ,&nbsp;Marleen J. ter Avest ,&nbsp;Tom F. Wilderjans ,&nbsp;Véronique De Gucht ,&nbsp;Dion H.A. Woestenburg ,&nbsp;Laurens Landeweerd ,&nbsp;Tessel E. Galesloot ,&nbsp;Linda Geerligs ,&nbsp;Judith R. Homberg ,&nbsp;Corina U. Greven","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Environment may play a role in how the evolutionarily conserved personality trait sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) relates to health. Nevertheless, there has been no comprehensive investigation of the relationships between SPS and mental and somatic health outcomes in a large sample, while accounting for neuroticism and environmental variables. To better understand susceptibility to positive and negative environments, we systematically investigated associations between SPS and several health-related outcomes: stress-related traits, neurodevelopmental (ADHD and autistic) traits, well-being, and somatic health in 252 adults (ages 30–39 years) from a population-based sample. We then evaluated how environmental factors modify those relationships by testing SPS interactions with lifetime or current measures of positive or negative environments. Finally, we formally tested whether SPS is a factor for differential susceptibility. Notably, we found that higher SPS related to more burnout, anxiety, depression, stress, health complaints, and nonprescription medication use but not to total neurodevelopmental traits. Even after controlling for neuroticism, burnout, anxiety, and health complaints associations with SPS remained significant. We also found small to modest associations between SPS subscales and neurodevelopmental trait subscales. Of note, in unfavorable environments (threatening life events), higher SPS related to more autistic traits. In favorable environments (social support), SPS related to more life satisfaction, supporting the theory of SPS as a factor for differential susceptibility to environments. This study illustrates that SPS may be a risk factor for stress-related and somatic symptoms, independent of neuroticism. We conclude that SPS may moderate sensitivity to environments, possibly as an adaptation factor, enabling highly sensitive individuals to be more malleable to environmental influences.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dementia-related stigma across age groups and perspectives: Similarities and differences suggest the need for tailored anti-stigma interventions","authors":"Ruth Brookman,&nbsp;Eman Shatnawi,&nbsp;Kristian Lukic,&nbsp;Sasha Sirota,&nbsp;Celia B. Harris","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Dementia-related (DR) <strong>s</strong>tigma diminishes the wellbeing of people with dementia and their families. However, information about how DR-stigma differs across the lifespan is scarce. We aimed to understand similarities and difference in public stigma (stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination) across age groups and perspectives, including factors associated with its expression.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a mixed-method study with a community sample of Australians (N = 278), to examine public DR-stigma in younger (<em>n</em> = 163) and older (<em>n</em> = 115) adults. In part 1, free responses were thematically analysed and coded inductively for content and deductively for valence to compare dementia stereotypes across age groups (younger vs. older), and perspectives (own vs. other). In part 2, a standardised stigma measure enabled comparison of prejudice and discrimination. Separate age group correlational analyses examined relationships between stigma, dementia knowledge, mental wellbeing, family knowledge, and subjective memory concerns.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In part 1, free responses of older adults included significantly more negative and derogatory stereotypes than younger adults. Both age groups considered others to have more negative stereotypes than themselves, but this perception was higher in older adults. Part 2 yielded no age group difference from one's own perspective for DR-prejudice and DR-discrimination. However, for perceived DR-discrimination by others, older adults rated higher levels of social distancing than younger adults. Younger and older adults perceived others to be more discriminating than themselves. Dementia knowledge was associated with less stigma but only for younger adults.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Age-related variability in the factors associated with DR-stigma indicates the need for stigma reduction interventions that are targeted to specific age groups and associated risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into audio-visual temporal perception in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia","authors":"Monica Gori ,&nbsp;Maria Bianca Amadeo ,&nbsp;Andrea Escelsior ,&nbsp;Davide Esposito ,&nbsp;Alberto Inuggi ,&nbsp;Riccardo Guglielmo ,&nbsp;Luis Polena ,&nbsp;Juxhin Bode ,&nbsp;Beatriz Pereira da Silva ,&nbsp;Mario Amore ,&nbsp;Gianluca Serafini","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Our perception of the world and sense of self are deeply influenced by our perception of time. Research in psychiatric disorders has shown altered temporal perception across a variety of tasks, though the mechanisms behind these changes remain unclear. This study aims to explore temporal processing in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) by examining auditory, visual, and audio-visual temporal perception. The results revealed impaired temporal performance across all sensory modalities and the absence of auditory dominance in both patient groups. Specifically, in SZ patients, multisensory processing was associated with visual precision, while in BD patients, there was no such relationship with either visual or auditory precision. Notably, in SZ, visual precision was significantly linked to negative symptoms. Moreover, despite the lack of auditory dominance and similar deficits in unisensory performance, neither patient group benefited from redundant multisensory information in the temporal task. These findings highlight distinct patterns of temporal processing in BD and SZ compared to healthy controls, suggesting potential pathways for targeted interventions, such as integrating sensory training into clinical rehabilitative frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143311102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social normative beliefs and older adults’ volunteering – A daily diary study","authors":"Maria Wirth,&nbsp;M. Clara de Paula Couto,&nbsp;Paula Molina Sander,&nbsp;Klaus Rothermund","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Older adults are faced with societal normative expectations that set standards for age-appropriate behavior. They supposedly align their behavior with what is socially expected of them to avoid backlash and disapproval. However, a link between societal norms and older adults’ behavior has not been established in previous studies. In a pre-registered daily diary study, we tested the link between the societal norm that older adults should contribute to the common good (i.e., social activation) and volunteering in everyday life in a sample of older adults (N = 78, 60 –85 years). We presented (fictitious) social consensus feedback indicating that a majority of society either agrees or disagrees with social activation and tested the effect of this consensus feedback on endorsing social activation and engaging in daily volunteering. Replicating previous studies, participants who were told that a majority agrees with social activation reported higher endorsement of social activation than those being told that a majority disagrees. Daily volunteering did not differ between social consensus groups. However, we found a significant relation between endorsement of social activation and daily volunteering for the agreement but not the disagreement group. This finding indicates that strongly endorsing social activation may be a prerequisite for societal appeals regarding older adults’ volunteering to become effective. Given the relatively low level of daily volunteering in our sample, these results warrant further investigation. Our findings offer important insights for initiatives promoting social participation among older adults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaboration induces debt-motivated altruism","authors":"Mary C. McGrath","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Collaboration with others—even a minimal instance—increases willingness to bear costs on their behalf. What is the mechanism underlying this effect? This prosocial behavior could be driven by an egoistic motivation or an altruistic motivation—and altruistic motivations could reflect either unbounded altruism or bounded altruism. I hypothesize that the collaboration effect operates by creating a sense of obligation or indebtedness to one's partner, thereby increasing willingness to sacrifice via a bounded form of altruism. I test this hypothesis in a randomized experiment and replication (Experiments 1 and 2), finding evidence that people behave as if collaboration creates an obligation of debt owed to the collaborator. Then, I rule out that the mechanism at work is simply increased inequality aversion, demonstrating that collaboration can decrease inequality aversion within a context of baseline equality (Experiment 3) and within a context of disadvantageous inequality (Experiment 4).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The stress-busting power of Digital Self-Efficacy: Does training format matter for workers?","authors":"Milton Paredes-Aguirre ,&nbsp;Olivia Hernandez-Pozas ,&nbsp;Yarid Ayala ,&nbsp;Ronald Campoverde Aguirre","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals' confidence in their ability to effectively use digital technologies, termed Digital Self-Efficacy (DSE), has become essential in today's workplace, especially with the rise of remote work and increasing reliance on technology. However, the relationships among DSE, job stressors, and Psychological Detachment (PD) are still not fully understood. This study examines the moderating role of DSE in the relationship between Work Intensification (WI), Role Ambiguity (RA), Organizational Support (OS), and PD. Using PLS-SEM, we analyzed data from 653 workers in Ecuador. The findings confirmed the expected negative impact of WI and the positive influence of OS on PD. Interestingly, a positive relationship between RA and PD was observed, contrary to initial expectations. The study also revealed differences between workers who underwent Self-directed versus Directed digital competence training. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the role digital skills play in managing job stress and fostering recovery in modern work environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100161"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of workplace environment on the impostor phenomenon among early career starters","authors":"Charlotte Bielenberg,&nbsp;Fabio Ibrahim,&nbsp;Philipp Yorck Herzberg","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterized by feelings of self-doubt and a fear of exposure despite objective success, the impostor phenomenon (IP) affects a significant portion of high achievers, yet its manifestation in early career starters outside academia and healthcare remains under-researched. This study investigated the effect of external work predictors including performance pressure, specific business areas, and gender on IP by focusing on this unique and under-researched population. A sample of 353 professional career starters with academic degrees participated in this online study. The results indicated that performance pressure had a positive effect on IP, particularly on key dimensions such as Competence Doubt, Alienation and Other–Self Divergence, whereas specific business areas did not have a significant impact on the experience of IP. Additionally, gender was identified as a relevant predictor for IP in general and a significant moderator in the relationship between performance pressure and impostor levels, revealing that women exhibited more impostor feelings. This study addresses a notable gap in the literature by concentrating on the experiences of early career starters within non-academic work environments and external predictors caused by the workforce.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceived control and the pleasantness of choosing: How much choice is too much choice?","authors":"Katharina A. Schwarz","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We can choose between various options in a multitude of situations every day. General consensus states that the ability to choose between different alternatives enhances our sense of agency, i.e., our perceived control and perceived causality over our environment. As sense of agency is thought to be a rewarding experience, abundant choice options might be preferable to fewer choice options. However, too much choice could also lead to increased cognitive effort and an overburdening of individuals, e.g., when engaging in consumer behaviour. The present experiments elucidate the interplay of sense of agency, pleasantness of choice, and perceived effort dependent on the available number of choice options. Results indicate that, surprisingly, sense of agency and pleasantness of choice peak around four choice options, with further choice options decreasing pleasantness and increasing perceived effort of the selection process. Moreover, perceived control and pleasantness of choice were strongly associated, further supporting the notion of sense of agency as a rewarding experience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143593064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When a bright future is in mind: Young adults’ positive views on aging contribute to resilience through enhanced sense of control","authors":"Yue Yang Sun,&nbsp;Tianyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extensive research has revealed that older adults’ views on aging are influential to their well-being, but fewer studies have examined the effects of young adults’ views on aging. Individuals’ views on aging form as early as childhood. Reflecting a positive outlook about one's own future, we expect young adults’ positive views on aging to contribute to their resilience level, with sense of control mediating the effect. Two studies were conducted with two different samples of Chinese young adults. Study 1 assessed attitudes toward older adults as the indicator of views on aging and found that more positive attitudes toward older adults were related to a higher level of resilience, and the effect was mediated by a stronger sense of control. Study 2 assessed four different indicators of views on aging (attitudes toward older adults, aging anxiety, hostile ageism, and benevolent ageism). Except for benevolent ageism, young adults’ more positive attitudes toward older adults, less aging anxiety, and lower levels of hostile ageism were all related to higher levels of resilience, and the effects were all mediated by sense of control. The results were similar regardless of whether the four indicators were tested in separate models or simultaneously in the same model. The findings highlight the importance of positive views on aging for young adults’ psychological adjustment. Positive views on aging can serve as a valuable personal resource for young adults to ensure control in life and keep their heads high even facing adversities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}