Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

{"title":"Attitudes towards invisible disabilities: Evidence from behavioral tendencies","authors":"Marine Granjon ,&nbsp;Nicolas Pillaud ,&nbsp;Maria Popa-Roch ,&nbsp;Benoite Aubé ,&nbsp;Odile Rohmer","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Invisible disabilities account for 70–80 % of all disabilities yet are often overlooked in social psychology research. Despite their prevalence, these conditions are frequently misunderstood and less recognized, leading to potential biases and negative perceptions. This research aims to address a critical knowledge gap by investigating attitudes toward invisible disability. We hypothesize that attitudes toward invisible disabilities are more negative than toward visible disabilities. Using an immersive behavioral tendency paradigm, the VAAST (Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task), we were able to observe participants' approach/avoidance reactions in a simulated environment. Three studies (<em>N</em>_total = 444) were conducted. Studies 1 and 2 compared approach-avoidance tendencies towards visible and invisible disabilities, the former in the general population and the latter within a population of teachers. Study 3 used a variation of this paradigm, the Incidental-VAAST, to address control bias. Results, supported by multi-level frequentist and Bayesian statistics, as well as a mini meta-analysis, indicated consistently stronger negative attitudes towards invisible disabilities. By showing that individuals with invisible disabilities face greater prejudice than those with visible disabilities, this research advances our understanding of how visibility impacts social bias, adding depth to theories of prejudice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Semantic analysis of test items through large language model embeddings predicts a-priori factorial structure of personality tests","authors":"Nicola Milano,&nbsp;Maria Luongo,&nbsp;Michela Ponticorvo,&nbsp;Davide Marocco","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this article, we explore the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) for predicting factor loadings in personality tests through the semantic analysis of test items. By leveraging text embeddings generated from LLMs, we evaluate the semantic similarity of test items and their alignment with hypothesized factorial structures without depending on human response data. Our methodology involves using embeddings from four different personality test to examine correlations between item semantics and their grouping in principal factors. Our results indicate that LLM-derived embeddings can effectively capture semantic similarities among test items, showing moderate to high correlation with the factorial structure produced by humans respondents in all tests, potentially serving as a valid measure of content validity for initial survey design and refinement. This approach offers valuable insights into the robustness of embedding techniques in psychological evaluations, showing a significant correlation with traditional test structures and providing a novel perspective on test item analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143173186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and predictors of suicidal-risk behaviors among Paraguayan in-school adolescents: A sex-stratified analysis","authors":"Taufique Ahmed ,&nbsp;Tanjin Kabir Aunto ,&nbsp;Md. Khalid Hasan","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study performs a sex-stratified analysis of the prevalence and predictors of suicidal risk behaviors (SRBs) among Paraguayan adolescents, utilizing data from the 2017 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The study’s participants comprised a sample of 3149 school-attending adolescents, of whom 51.2% were female. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the risks and protective factors influencing suicidal-risk behaviors. The prevalences of suicidal ideation, suicidal plan, suicidal attempt, and any suicide-risk behavior were 13.8%, 13.3%, 11.2%, and 19.3%, respectively, and significantly higher among girls (suicidal ideation 9.3%, suicidal plan 8.3%, suicidal attempt 6.9%, and any suicide-risk behavior 12.1%) than boys. According to sex-stratified analysis, there are several risk factors identified for suicidal-risk behaviors among girls, including anxiety, loneliness, lack of a close friend, physical attack, injury, current drinking alcohol, and sedentary behavior. In contrast, bullying and fighting were more significantly associated factors with boys’ suicidal-risk behaviors. We found lower associations with SRBs among Paraguayan in-school adolescents, who reported higher parental supervision and regular homework checking. This study identified significant sex differences in suicidal-risk behaviors. Our study highlights a requirement for early screening programs and interventions aimed at high-risk adolescents in Paraguay to lower the risk of SRBs among this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A funny thing did not happen at work: Humor styles are not strongly correlated with vocational interests","authors":"Julie Aitken Schermer ,&nbsp;Đorđe Čekrlija","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The role of humor in the workplace has received great attention. What is less known is how humor, specifically humor styles, correlate with vocational interests. Based on self-report responses from a community sample of 567 adults, we explored the relationships between humor styles and vocational interests. Affiliative humor style scores correlated positively with some artistic interests including performing arts and author-journalism. Self-enhancing humor style scores had moderate significant correlations with interests in adventure, nature-agriculture, and medical service. The aggressive humor style was positively associated with interests in science and had negative correlations with work styles such as accountability, planfulness, and job security. The self-defeating humor style was not strongly associated with vocational interests. When humor styles were added, with sex and age, in regression models, six of the seven vocational interest factors had significant predictions but only two models had at least one humor style significantly contributing, with the variance accounted ranging from 5% to 11%. The biology interest factor was significantly predicted by the self-enhancing humor style scores and the work style factor was significantly predicted by lower aggressive humor style scores. In general, these results suggest that humor styles are not strongly correlated with vocational interests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental health, substance use, and stigmatization: A comparison of Canadian university students who abstain from or consume alcohol","authors":"Tanisse Epp ,&nbsp;Gord Garner ,&nbsp;Robyn J. McQuaid ,&nbsp;Sara Atif ,&nbsp;Chealsea DeMoor ,&nbsp;Kim Hellemans","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2025.100172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>While alcohol consumption among young adults in Canadian post-secondary settings has been widely studied, the experiences of students who abstain from alcohol remain significantly overlooked. This study addresses this critical gap by examining how alcohol abstinence relates to mental health symptoms, substance use patterns, and loneliness among Canadian undergraduates. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of stigma dynamics on university campuses and inform strategies to foster more inclusive, supportive environments for students who do not drink alcohol.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among Canadian undergraduate students between November 2020 and May 2021. Demographic, mental health, and substance use differences between students who were alcohol-abstinent and non-abstinent were analyzed with chi-squared and <em>t</em>-tests. Pearson correlations examined the links between motivations for abstaining and self-stigma and between alcohol use and attitudes toward those who abstain. Additional <em>t</em>-tests assessed gender differences in motivations for abstinence, self-stigma, and attitudes toward those who are alcohol abstinent.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 180 participants, 48.9% were alcohol abstinent. Indifference was the primary motive for abstinence (<em>M</em> = 2.7, <em>SD</em> = 1.2). Students who were alcohol abstinent reported significantly lower cannabis use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) but higher levels of loneliness (<em>p</em> = .02) compared to those who were not abstinent. Fear of negative consequences and dispositional risk were significantly associated with higher levels of self-stigma (<em>p's</em> &lt; 0.05). Men demonstrated significantly higher levels of awareness and self-application of negative stereotypes related to alcohol use compared to women (<em>p</em>’s &lt; 0.05), reflecting a greater internalization of public stigma. Additionally, alcohol use was positively correlated with negative attitudes toward those who are alcohol abstinent (<em>p</em> &lt; .005).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>This study reveals the social and psychological challenges faced by students who abstain from alcohol, particularly the heightened levels of loneliness compared to their peers who drink. By identifying the factors contributing to self-stigmatization and social exclusion, our research fills a critical gap in understanding how abstinence is perceived in environments where alcohol consumption is the norm, such as university campuses. These findings are essential for informing targeted destigmatization efforts and shaping public health campaigns that challenge negative stereotypes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The causal role of numerical and non-numerical order processing abilities in the early development of mathematics skills: Evidence from an intervention study","authors":"Kinga Morsanyi ,&nbsp;Jort Peters ,&nbsp;Eleonora Battaglia ,&nbsp;Delphine Sasanguie ,&nbsp;Bert Reynvoet","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Understanding the basis of mathematical development is essential for supporting mathematics learning and to develop efficient interventions for remediating early problems. In the past decade, evidence has accumulated in support of the importance of ordering skills (i.e., tasks that tap into children's ability to recall the order of items or to judge the correctness of the order of items) in predicting early mathematics performance. Nevertheless, so far these studies have only provided correlational evidence, and intervention studies are lacking. The aim of the current study was to fill this gap by investigating the potential causal role of three types of ordering abilities (number ordering, daily event ordering and order working memory) in the development of mathematics skills during the first year of primary school. Children participated in six brief training sessions over a three-week period, and their mathematics skills and mathematics anxiety were measured before and after the training. In addition to the three training conditions, an active control group was also involved, with children completing reading comprehension exercises. Our findings showed that children's performance improved substantially on all ordering tasks as a result of training. Additionally, training in daily event ordering and number ordering has led to large increases in children's formal mathematics skills. Mathematics anxiety was not affected by the interventions. The current results provide initial evidence for the usefulness of order processing training in developing children's early mathematics skills. They also show that these results are not specific to the domain of numerical ordering.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518223000487/pdfft?md5=7964ae7e630e0c690684ebb174982eda&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518223000487-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrete memories of a continuous world: A working memory perspective on event segmentation","authors":"Berna Güler ,&nbsp;Zeynep Adıgüzel ,&nbsp;Bilge Uysal ,&nbsp;Eren Günseli","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We perceive the world in a continuum but remember our past as discrete episodic events. Dominant models of event segmentation suggest that prediction errors or contextual changes are the driving factors that parse continuous experiences into segmented events. These models propose working memory to hold a critical role in event segmentation, yet the particular functioning of working memory that underlies segmented episodic memories remains unclear. Here, we first review the literature regarding the factors that result in the segmentation of episodic memories. Next, we discuss the role of working memory under two possible models regarding how it represents information within each event and suggest experimental predictions. Clarifying the contributions of working memory to event segmentation is important to improve our understanding of the structure of episodic memories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100145"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518223000499/pdfft?md5=3b2e8cab473373d19d1532e9a0a6a13e&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518223000499-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caffeine Use and Attentional Engagement in Everyday Life","authors":"Tyler B. Kruger,&nbsp;Mike J. Dixon,&nbsp;Daniel Smilek","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Caffeine is a common component of various beverages and foods with approximately 80% of the world's population consuming caffeinated products daily. Here we examined how caffeine consumption and different motivations for consuming caffeine (e.g., cognitive enhancement, negative affect relief, reinforcing effects, and weight control) relate to self-reported inattention, mind-wandering, and deep, effortless concentration (i.e., flow) in everyday life in a university student population via two online surveys (<em>N</em> = 224 and <em>N</em> = 234). Our results indicated that, contrary to what one might expect, the amount of caffeine consumed in a typical day (estimated in milligrams) was not related to attention-related experiences in everyday life. However, we found that those who are more likely to ingest caffeine to potentially enhance their cognition, or to experience the reinforcing effects of caffeine, or to help relieve negative affect showed higher levels of inattention in everyday life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000068/pdfft?md5=7af71f256da7a5198e472d77bd5e8a26&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000068-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141398732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Picture perfect: Exploring the relationship between problematic TikTok use, physical appearance perfectionism, and upward physical appearance comparison on body appreciation","authors":"Katie O'Connor ,&nbsp;Johannes Karl ,&nbsp;Simon Dunne","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Physical appearance perfectionism and upward physical appearance comparisons have a potential role in explaining how the use of popular social networking sites can negatively impact a person's body image. Although there is considerable research on the relationship between body image and problematic Instagram usage, there is little reported on TikTok use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the mediating relationship of physical appearance perfectionism and upward physical appearance comparison between problematic TikTok use and body appreciation. The sample included 185 TikTok users. Serial mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect negative relationship between problematic TikTok use and body appreciation through physical appearance perfectionism, but not upward physical appearance comparison, or physical appearance perfectionism and upward physical appearance comparison in serial. Thus, with the rapid growth of TikTok, this study highlights the importance of identifying the individuals who may be more vulnerable to the effects of the app. We suggest possible practice implications such as the implementation of screening strategies to identify those high in physical appearance perfectionism, and the development of workshops aimed at promoting positive body image in the face of SNS use.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266651822400010X/pdfft?md5=361a74b02793da8cb892ecc0d8f8fcee&pid=1-s2.0-S266651822400010X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141438386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender differences in impostor phenomenon: A meta-analytic review","authors":"Paul C. Price,&nbsp;Brandi Holcomb,&nbsp;Makayla B. Payne","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present study was a meta-analysis of research on female-male gender differences in impostor phenomenon—the tendency for high-achieving people to feel like “impostors” who are undeserving of their success. Although it was originally suggested that women experience impostor phenomenon more frequently and intensely than men do, the results of empirical research have been mixed, and contradictory claims appear throughout the literature. The present research shows, however, that the original suggestion is correct. Across 115 effect sizes and over 40 thousand participants, women scored higher than men with a mean effect size (Cohen's <em>d</em>) of 0.27. There was no evidence that this difference has decreased over time, but there was evidence that it varies across fields, that it is smaller in studies conducted in Asia than in studies conducted in Europe and North America, and that it is smaller in studies that use the Harvey Impostor Scale than studies that use the more common Clance Impostor Phenomenon Scale. These results have important implications for research on gender differences in the impostor phenomenon, and research on the impostor phenomenon more generally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000093/pdfft?md5=7e296ecfaedb89286d0fdb38e177ab1c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000093-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141540540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}