Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the Greek Inventory of Personality Organization – Brief (IPO-Brief-GR) in a community sample of emerging adults","authors":"Aikaterini Malafanti ,&nbsp;Eleni Giannouli ,&nbsp;Vasiliki Yotsidi ,&nbsp;Georgios Sideridis ,&nbsp;Evangelia P. Galanaki ,&nbsp;John F. Clarkin ,&nbsp;Mark F. Lenzenweger ,&nbsp;Ioannis Malogiannis","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Several studies have evaluated different versions of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO) around the world and some shortened versions of the instrument have also been constructed. The aim of this study was to develop the first brief Greek-language version of the IPO (IPO-Brief-GR) to be used for clinical screening and research purposes regarding personality pathology defined according to Kernberg's object relations model of personality organization. Data were collected from a community sample of 543 Greek emerging adults aged 18–29 years (<em>M</em> = 21.45, <em>SD</em> = 2.51) with the 83-item IPO, from which a 30-item version was constructed, based on confirmatory factor analysis of the full measure. The psychometric properties of the IPO-Brief-GR were then examined. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that a four-factor structure best fitted the data, that is, primitive defenses/identity diffusion, reality testing, aggression, and moral values. Criterion validity and internal consistency reliability were also supported. Measurement invariance across gender using an exact protocol approach (i.e., configural, metric, scalar) was found allowing latent mean comparisons. These preliminary findings support the reliability and validity of the IPO-Brief-GR for the assessment of borderline personality organization and indicate the need for further research into the psychometric properties and clinical utility of this measure.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000044/pdfft?md5=e14c82ece58d5b8bb606a8c9bce81843&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000044-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140619387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Loneliness in emerging adulthood: A qualitative study using cultural probes and in-depth interviews","authors":"Berit Kjærside Nielsen ,&nbsp;Lise Arnth Nielsen ,&nbsp;Mathias Lasgaard","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Loneliness has become a great public health concern in the Western world, with emerging adults being particularly vulnerable. Prolonged loneliness in emerging adults is associated with poor mental health such as symptoms of depression and anxiety that may have negative implications for health and well-being in later life.</p></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To explore and gain a deeper understanding of how loneliness develops over time and how it is experienced by emerging adults in their everyday life.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The study is a thematic analysis of qualitative data consisting of cultural probes and in-depth interviews. Participants were recruited through targeted advertising on social media. During a week, participants aged 18 to 25 years old completed a cultural probe comprising open and evocative activities. These activities provided an opportunity for participants to explore their day-to-day existence, thereby contributing to the portrayal of their individual stories concerning loneliness in everyday life. After reviews of the cultural probes, in-depth interviews were conducted.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants were 21 emerging adults (mean age 21.3), three men and 18 women. Following thematic analysis of the cultural probe material and interview data, three overarching themes were conceptualized: 1) The many faces of loneliness, 2) The interplay between low self-esteem, intrusive thoughts, and mental health in shaping loneliness, and 3) The duality of coping strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings from this qualitative study offer in-depth insights into the experience of loneliness among emerging adults, highlighting its multifaceted nature and interplay with mental health. Participants' narratives revealed a duality of coping strategies, where engaging in distracting activities provided temporary relief but perpetuated long-term loneliness, and attempts to reconnect with others were sometimes hindered by past experiences. The findings contribute to a richer understanding of loneliness during this pivotal life phase, with implications for interventions needed to address social disconnectedness, thereby contributing to the broader conversation on mental health and well-being.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100154"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000081/pdfft?md5=4e850360ce9a7576e178c1cf0d48f795&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000081-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141328773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between physical activity and loneliness: A systematic review of intervention studies","authors":"Jeesung Ahn ,&nbsp;Emily B. Falk ,&nbsp;Yoona Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Loneliness and physical inactivity are serious public health issues that often co-occur. However, they are often treated separately. Our systematic review aimed to identify components of interventions that most effectively improve physical inactivity and/or loneliness and whether/how these two variables are related. Specifically, we tested the following questions: 1) whether interventions focused on physical inactivity alleviate loneliness; 2) whether interventions focused on loneliness increase physical activity; 3) whether interventions that target broader levels of physical and mental well-being improve both loneliness and physical activity. We further examined 4) common intervention components that influenced loneliness and/or physical activity, with a particular focus on social components of each intervention.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We searched for peer-reviewed journal articles published before May 22nd, 2022 in PubMed Plus, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, EBSCO, and Embase. Both quantitative and qualitative studies that investigated the effects of interventions on physical activity and/or loneliness were included for review. Risk of bias was assessed for each study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 34 papers, including 27 studies examining the effects of physical activity interventions, one study explicitly targeting loneliness, and six studies targeting broader subjective well-being. Studies showed mixed results and a high heterogeneity in intervention design and sample characteristics. Overall, we found group exercise, individualized consultation and education on physical activity, and social support-building during physical activity (<em>vs</em>. other social activities) as promising intervention components that were frequently associated with improvements in physical activity and loneliness.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This review highlights that interventions targeting physical activity can also alleviate loneliness. Improved social experiences from such interventions may explain this hidden benefit. Limited data were available to conclusively answer whether physical activity and loneliness bi-directionally influence each other. More research is needed to systematically test the impact of different social components built into physical activity interventions on loneliness.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518223000451/pdfft?md5=10e1b61dba9034e780aba37de3e70ef7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518223000451-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139100034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do narcissists possess a sense of purpose? Purpose-in-life and narcissism","authors":"Jenna Velji,&nbsp;Julie Aitken Schermer","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Narcissism is one of the oldest recognized personality traits in the history of psychological theory and research and has been suggested by some to be associated with purpose-in-life. The present study investigates the relationship between 15 subscales of narcissism and purpose-in-life based on self-report responses from 691 university students. Results revealed significant and positive correlations between purpose-in-life and seven of the narcissism scales. Significant negative correlations were between purpose-in-life with the subscales of shame and admiration. Nonsignificant correlations were found for six of the narcissism subscales and purpose-in-life. A direct-entry regression analysis demonstrated that approximately 38% of the variance in purpose-in-life was predicted by higher need for acclaim seeking and lower need for admiration narcissism scale scores. When the three-factor narcissism model was examined, purpose-in-life was significantly predicted positively by Agentic Extraversion and negatively by Narcissistic Neuroticism, accounting for 25% of the variance. The findings suggest that purpose-in-life may be a motive that delineates different dimensions of narcissism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100146"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000019/pdfft?md5=dfec6b8ec2c434b7c3e81fac3f435dc7&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000019-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wandering in the darkness of personality: Empathy, alexithymia and their relationship to the Dark Tetrad","authors":"Marialaura Di Tella ,&nbsp;Sara Veggi ,&nbsp;Agata Benfante ,&nbsp;Darrick Jolliffe ,&nbsp;David P. Farrington ,&nbsp;Lorys Castelli ,&nbsp;Georgia Zara","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Dark Tetrad is a group of four personality traits, namely Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, and sadism. Although these traits are conceptually distinct, they also share a number of common characteristics. Previous evidence has suggested that the Dark Tetrad traits could be associated with reduced empathy and difficulty recognising one's own emotions (i.e. alexithymia). The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between Dark Tetrad personality traits, alexithymia, and empathy in a large sample of the general population.</p><p>Data were collected via an anonymous online survey. A total of 1548 participants met the inclusion criteria and formed the final sample. Participants were asked to provide socio-demographic information and complete questionnaires assessing Dark Tetrad traits, empathy, and alexithymia.</p><p>Mediation analyses revealed that Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and sadism had both a direct and an indirect effect on empathy, with alexithymia being a significant mediator in the relationship between these traits and empathy, even after controlling for age and gender. Conversely, narcissism was found to be significantly correlated only with alexithymia, but not with empathy.</p><p>Taken together, results show that people with Dark Tetrad traits may have alterations in their socio-emotional abilities, with difficulties in recognising and understanding their own feelings and those of others. Individual differences in the levels of alexithymia and empathy should be taken into account in the treatment of individuals with adverse personality traits in order to prevent socially dangerous behaviours.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000147/pdfft?md5=715658007d0ec53ba25bb86bd95351e1&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000147-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A self-regulatory adapting mechanism to changing work setting: Roles of playful work design and ambidexterity","authors":"Thu-Hang Hoang,&nbsp;Quynh Hoa Le","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100148","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In today's uncertain business setting, the intensity of rivalry amongst service firms requires a high level of quality and adaptability from service staff to fulfill increasing customer needs and wants. Indeed, every individual's ability to adjust to changing demands is vital for management to promote within their companies. The present study proposes and tests a novel self-regulatory adapting mechanism to examine the conditions within which service staff might activate their ambidextrous behavior which can be beneficial for their proactive service performance. Based on Trait Activation theory (TAT), Individual Adaptability Theory, and Job demands-resources theory, we analyze the direct and mediating effects of certain personal characteristics (Proactive Personality) and initiatives (Playful work design and Uncertainty adaptability) to activate the ambidextrous mode of employees toward higher proactive service performance. To test our hypotheses, we collected survey data from 368 frontline banking employees in all three regions of Vietnam. Practically, the results and recommendations from this study will assist in the hands-on management and motivation of service representatives toward better proactive performance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000020/pdfft?md5=1debe098eec71c2d13573741d7f84cd6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000020-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139744519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of depression predictors from standard health surveys using machine learning","authors":"Ali Akbar Jamali,&nbsp;Corinne Berger,&nbsp;Raymond J. Spiteri","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2024.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Depression has profound personal, societal, and economic impacts. Leveraging advances in technology can help identify predictors of depression. In this study, we compared seven machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify depression predictors using publicly available datasets from standard health surveys. We obtained data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017–2020, including medical, mental, demographic, and lifestyle information from 8965 individuals aged 18 to 80 years. Our study identified strongly correlated features of depression and demonstrated that ML algorithms can accurately identify depression predictors. The performance of the algorithms was evaluated using standard metrics. Among the algorithms tested, the Neural Network algorithm showed the highest overall performance, with an area under the curve of 91.34 %, which significantly outperformed results obtained with traditional statistical methods such as logistic regression and nomograms. This study demonstrates how ML can mine standard health surveys and identify depression predictors in a more accurate and nuanced fashion than other approaches. The findings of this study further suggest that incorporating heterogeneous data can enhance the performance of ML algorithms. These algorithms can be a valuable complementary tool for clinicians, particularly in remote settings, facilitating data analysis, and accelerating knowledge discovery in mental health studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518224000111/pdfft?md5=ab3610e3792e96dccdc900dd473925fc&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518224000111-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Young people's recommended coping strategies to manage social isolation: lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in the UK","authors":"A. Jong, L. Riddleston, Manasvi Mathur, Kathleen B. Duncan, Konstantina Lalioti, Delia Fuhrmann, J. Lau","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100133","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54038450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do concreteness fading and guidance fading aid learning from perceptually rich visualizations? Changes in style lead to more cognitive load and interfere with learning","authors":"Alexander Skulmowski","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100112","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"54038377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing difference through determining the mechanistic properties of mindfulness based art therapy","authors":"Andrea Cheshure ,&nbsp;Gregg D. Stanwood ,&nbsp;Theresa Van Lith ,&nbsp;Scott M. Pickett","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>A randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine the unique role of the arts as a proactive mental health strategy for college students in Generation Z. Using a web-based approach, mindfulness-based art therapy, mindfulness only, and arts only are compared to a non-intervention control group to determine if arts-related interventions activate unique and distinguishable mechanisms of change.</p></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><p>A sample of 109 college students were enrolled.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were randomized into a mindfulness-based art therapy, neutral clay task, mindfulness only, or a control condition for the 5-week intervention. Standardized measures of anxiety, somatic symptoms, mindfulness, stress, depression, and sleep, as well as biological saliva markers were obtained.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A main effect of time (pre- versus post-intervention) was found for all three interventions on perceived stress, depression and sleep, but not anxiety, somatic symptoms, or mindfulness. Analyses of difference scores across the study period demonstrated significant differences of all intervention groups from the control group in perceived stress. Additionally, the degree of change for MBAT and NCT groups significantly differed from the control group on depression. Lastly, MBAT and NCT groups had significantly different degrees of change in sleep.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The results suggest promise for online interventions as a proactive mental health strategy for reducing stress, depression and improving sleep quality.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"4 ","pages":"Article 100106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45477863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}