Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

{"title":"Habit and behavioural complexity: habitual instigation and execution as predictors of simple and complex behaviours","authors":"Benjamin Gardner","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Forming a habit - i.e., a cue-behaviour association learned through repeated performance - has been proposed to promote behaviour maintenance, but some commentators have questioned whether simple cue-behaviour associations can direct complex actions. This paper addresses this issue by drawing on a proposed distinction between 'habitual instigation', whereby habit automatically prompts the impulse to initiate an action episode, and 'habitual execution', whereby habit automates performance of sub-actions involved in that episode. Theory predicts that frequency should be determined by habitual instigation, but not habitual execution, irrespective of complexity. This study examined the influence of habitual instigation and execution on the frequency of four behaviours ranging in complexity.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>A sample of 173 participants, recruited via an online platform, completed questionnaire measures of perceived complexity, and instigation and execution habit, for four behaviours expected to vary in complexity (checking one's phone, drinking sugary drinks, using social media, using public transport). Of these, 118 participants self-reported behaviour frequency one week later. ANOVAs compared complexity perceptions across behaviours, and multivariate regressions modelled effects of instigation and execution habit on behaviour.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Drinking sugary drinks was rated the simplest behaviour, followed by phone-checking, and using social media. Using public transport was rated most complex. Across behaviours, instigation-behaviour correlations tended to be stronger than execution-behaviour correlations, and instigation habit predicted behaviour but execution did not.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Instigation habit regulated performance frequency of simple and complex behaviours alike. While complexity may be an important consideration when developing new habits, it is less relevant to the relationship between established habits and behaviour. Interventions should promote instigation habits to maintain even complex behaviours.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100081"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266651822200016X/pdfft?md5=bddec2b9a55fdd6e415e731a7e671a92&pid=1-s2.0-S266651822200016X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45628154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Few sex differences in dark side personality scale domains and facets","authors":"Adrian Furnham ,&nbsp;Simmy Grover","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examined sex differences in domain <em>and</em> facet scores on a new dark-side personality test (Hogan Development Survey: Form 5) measuring sub-clinical personality disorders. Over 50,000 adults completed the new HDS which assesses eleven dark-side traits and three facets of each. Comparing males and females on the 11 domains and 33 facets using t-tests and binary regressions we found that there were many significant differences on these scores, which replicated other studies. However, the Cohen's d statistic showed very few (5 out of 44) differences &gt;0.20. The biggest difference was on Reserved (Schizoid) and few differences on Excitable (Borderline). Implications for researchers interested in assessment and selection are discussed along with limitations of the study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100070"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000055/pdfft?md5=2023be4cfb87f26c483a5b60bef288a2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000055-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45646550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of body expression, group affiliation and threat proximity on interactions in virtual reality","authors":"Manuel Mello ,&nbsp;Lennie Dupont ,&nbsp;Tahnée Engelen ,&nbsp;Adriano Acciarino ,&nbsp;Aline W. de Borst ,&nbsp;Beatrice de Gelder","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Social threat requires fast adaptive reactions. One prominent threat-coping behavior present in both humans and other species is freezing, of which heart rate deceleration and reduced postural mobility are two key components. Previous studies mostly focused on freezing reactions in rodents, but now virtual reality offers unique possibilities for controlled and ecologically valid lab-based experiments in humans. This immersive virtual reality study examined how several understudied aspects of social threat, i.e., emotional body expressions, group affiliation, and physical distance from the potential threat, affect freezing behavior in humans. We hypothesized that freezing would be observed for approaching aggressive-looking virtual characters and for virtual characters situated in close proximity. Furthermore, we predicted an enhanced freezing response for approaching, aggressive outgroup members. As expected, reduced heart rate and postural mobility were observed in participants when they faced aggressive-looking and proximal virtual characters. Freezing was also observed for ingroup aggression, specifically when participants were embodied in a black-skinned virtual body and faced black-skinned aggressive and proximal virtual characters. Our results provide novel evidence on the social factors that elicit freezing behavior in humans. Importantly, this evidence is based on a highly ecological virtual reality paradigm that enables people to experience a threatening scenario “as if” it was actually happening to them.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100075"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000109/pdfft?md5=2af292c4df0787a6738a8a8a4842297d&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000109-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137179305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing the differentiation of intelligence by neuroticism hypothesis","authors":"Julie Aitken Schermer ,&nbsp;Adrian Furnham ,&nbsp;Luke Treglown","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The prediction that neuroticism (or emotional instability) will change the definition of an intelligence factor, or g, was tested in a large sample (<em>N</em> = 2,716) of British managers who completed both personality and intelligence measures. Specifically, we examine if the structure of mental abilities changes across levels of personality (with a focus on the neuroticism/adjustment dimension). The results demonstrate that, similar to a recent report, there is some evidence supporting the suggestion that intelligence scales inter-correlate higher for less adjusted individuals, but that the effect is not strong enough to impact intelligence and personality research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100073"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000080/pdfft?md5=307b90cb81b25080921b83397357af9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000080-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137179306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human freezing responses to virtual characters in immersive virtual reality are impacted by body expression, group affiliation and threat proximity","authors":"Manuel Mello, Lennie Dupont, T. Engelen, Adriano Acciarino, A. D. de Borst, B. de Gelder","doi":"10.31234/osf.io/cr7x9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/cr7x9","url":null,"abstract":"Social threat requires fast adaptive reactions. One prominent threat-coping behavior present in humans is freezing, of which heart rate deceleration and reduced postural mobility are two key components. Previous studies focused mainly on freezing reactions in rodents, but now virtual reality offers unique possibilities for controlled and ecologically valid lab-based experiments. Using immersive virtual reality, this study examined how several understudied aspects of social threat, i.e., emotional body expressions, group affiliation, and distance from the potential threat, affect freezing behavior in humans. Reduced heart rate and postural mobility were observed in participants when they faced aggressive-looking and proximal avatars. Freezing was also observed for ingroup aggression when participants were embodied in a black-skinned virtual body and faced black-skinned aggressive and proximal avatars. Our results, based on a highly ecological virtual reality paradigm, provide novel evidence on the social factors that elicit freezing behavior in humans.","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41410201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impactful e-learning framework: A new hybrid form of education","authors":"Syeda Farjana Shetu,&nbsp;Md. Mosfikur Rahman,&nbsp;Akash Ahmed,&nbsp;Mahfuja Ferdousi Mahin,&nbsp;Md. Abtab Uddin Akib,&nbsp;Mohd. Saifuzzaman","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An e-learning model is helpful to enhance online connectivity and learning. This study aims to propose and develop an efficient e-learning framework to strengthen the online learning environment. The single consumer has to play a part in an e-learning system. There is a user-friendly interface for the proposed model. Architecture classifies into various categories. The work shows different parts of a successive model of e-learning and even each section's working process. This model and the structure can take all types of students into account. Since it is possible, there is a solution to this if the system grows using this method. Therefore, for teachers, it would be helpful too. The e-learning model facilitates self-learning for learners. Via this method, teachers can also do any operation. Using this form of system, they can also learn computer abilities and upgrade interactive skills.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100038"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100038","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113181281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between abusive supervision and anxiety in female employees is stronger in carriers of the CRHR1 TAT haplotype","authors":"Ann-Christin Sannes,&nbsp;Jan Olav Christensen,&nbsp;Morten Birkeland Nielsen,&nbsp;Johannes Gjerstad","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>Previous findings suggest that exposure to social stress in the form of abusive supervision may increase the risk of anxiety disorders. In the present study, we examined the link between abusive supervision, the CRHR1 genotype and anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The data was collected through a national survey drawn from the National Central Employee Register by Statistics Norway. A total of 1225 individuals returned both the questionnaire and the saliva kit. Abusive supervision was assessed with 5 items from the Tepper's “Abusive Supervision Scale”. Anxiety was measured by 5 items of the “Hopkins Symptom checklist”. Genotyping with regard to CRHR1 rs7209436 C/T, rs110402 G/A and rs242924 G/T was carried out using Taqman assay, and Phase v.2.1.1 was used to define the CRHR1 haplotype TAT versus CGG.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The analyses revealed that abusive supervision was associated with anxiety. In particular, we observed a strong effect of abusive supervision on anxiety in female TAT/TAT carriers (<em>p</em> = 0.000). Moreover, using TAT/TAT as a reference, TAT/CGG and CGG/CGG both showed protective effects (<em>p</em> = 0.015, <em>p</em> = 0.001, respectively). Thus, the association between abusive supervision and anxiety was strong among female TAT/TAT carriers was stronger than among female TAT/CGG and female CGG/CGG carriers. No such gene-environment interaction was seen in men.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Our data demonstrated that the CRHR1 TAT haplotype may exacerbate, whereas the CRHR1 CGG haplotype may reduce, the effect of abusive supervision on anxiety in female employees. Hence, the present study supports the theory that both gender and the CRHR1 genotype, moderate the responses to social stressors.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100021"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"99235624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral disorder masks learning disability","authors":"Rana Abdullah Tahan ,&nbsp;M. ª Elena Gómez-Parra ,&nbsp;Cristina A. Huertas-Abril","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study aimed to identify behavioral and academic disorders' manifestations for students with learning difficulties for the elementary stage in Jerusalem, Israel, from the teacher's perspective. The researcher used the descriptive approach appropriately for the purposes and objectives of the study and data. They gathered the data using the first questionnaire consisting of (78)paragraphs and the second questionnaire consisting of (41) sections on the study sample from teachers with learning difficulties in Jerusalem schools. The data were used in the statistical program SPSS to receive results. The responses were moderately mean in each field: behavioral and academic disorder difficulties 3.6859, 0.8431. The results showed no statistical differences at the significance level (α&gt;0.05) in behavioral disorder manifestations. The Academy is for students with learning difficulties in schools in the Jerusalem area for the elementary stage from the teacher's perspective due to gender, age, and several years of experience teaching. The study made recommendations for proper diversification of special education services for students who have learning difficulties and provide an appropriate learning environment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100024"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"112349422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 in food supply chain: Disruptions and recovery strategy","authors":"Abhijit Barman,&nbsp;Rubi Das,&nbsp;Pijus Kanti De","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The COVID virus epidemic has produced another era on the planet while we sort out the outcomes in various parts of our everyday life. The food industry and food supply chain do not incorporate an exception. Considering a food supply chain, the business activities and supply of various food products have been suspended due to restriction of demand, closing the food production facilities, financial restrictions.</p></div><div><h3>Scope and approach</h3><p>According to the spreadability of the pandemic, every nation must understand the seriousness of the circumstance. This work aims to discuss the effect of COVID-19 on socioeconomic implications and the impact of lockdown on the food supply chain and agri-business. The paper also summarizes the suggestions needed to control and deduce the impact of COVID-19. For now, the chance of transmission through the food area is viewed as immaterial, and following Covid in workspaces isn't considered as a need by public authorities. However, the unfriendly impacts on the climate, food frameworks and individuals along the food store network are obvious.</p></div><div><h3>Key findings and conclusion</h3><p>A food supply chain facilities should concentrate on facilities like maintenance of employees' safety and health, change of conditions in working. To prevent the increment of food prices, the protectionist policy should avoid. We have also suggested a PDS system to overcome food supply chain disruption. In conclusion, the supply chain should respond and overcome the challenging situation in the food supply chain.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100017"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49603311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bereavement and psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemics: The impact of death experience on mental health","authors":"Rui M. Joaquim ,&nbsp;André L.C.B. Pinto ,&nbsp;Rafaela F. Guatimosim ,&nbsp;Jonas J. de Paula ,&nbsp;Danielle Souza Costa ,&nbsp;Alexandre Paim Diaz ,&nbsp;Antônio G. da Silva ,&nbsp;Mayra I.C. Pinheiro ,&nbsp;Alexandre L.O. Serpa ,&nbsp;Debora M. Miranda ,&nbsp;Leandro F. Malloy-Diniz","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100019","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100019","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has been a disturbing experience of proximity to death. As the pandemic goes on, the mixed experience of loss of a close family or friends added to the unpredictability of economic changes and the social isolation can elicit negative manifestations of affection, and psychological distress. The whole experience negatively affects individuals with or without previous mental health disorders. <strong>Objective</strong>: The present study is a cohort aimed to analyze the effect of the salience of mortality during the covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of a sample of the Brazilian population. <strong>Method</strong>: 9,024 Brazilians were evaluated based on the data collection performed through the online Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), during the social isolation period. Participants were divided into four groups, G1 (2,256) without previous history of mental disorders (MD), G2 (2,256) with a previous history of MD and both no loss of family or friends due to direct effect of SARS-COV2 infection, G3 (2256) with a previous history of MD and without a loss and G4 (2256), with a prior MD and reported a loss of family or friend due to direct effect of SARS-COV2 infection. The group data was analyzed using the covariance analysis - ANCOVA. <strong>Results:</strong> The loss of a family member or friend due to direct effect of SARS-COV2 infection amplifies psychological distress. This effect seems to be dramatically increased in individuals with a previous history of mental disorders. The population with loss should be target of mitigation actions to minimize the pandemic effects.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"2 ","pages":"Article 100019"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.crbeha.2021.100019","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"99956717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}