Current research in behavioral sciences最新文献

{"title":"The contribution of multidimensional perfectionism and aesthetic sensitivity to the prediction of dysmorphic and symmetry concerns in a community sample","authors":"Wei Lin Toh ,&nbsp;Madeleine Mangano ,&nbsp;Sandy Lam ,&nbsp;Susan L. Rossell","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Body image concerns exist on a continuum in the community, and can include dysmorphic as well as appearance-related symmetry concerns. The current study aimed to investigate the contribution of perfectionism and aesthetic sensitivity to the prediction of dysmorphic and symmetry concerns.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Respondents were 343 individuals from the community. Basic demographic and mental health information (e.g. negative emotions) was collected. Online measures assessing dysmorphic concerns, including the presence and nature of symmetry concerns, multidimensional perfectionism and an aesthetic sensitivity task were completed. Two regressions (hierarchical and logistic) examined predictors of dysmorphic and symmetry concerns.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Up to 42.9% and 53.9% of respondents respectively reported dysmorphic and symmetry concerns. The latter affected the breasts/chest, teeth, nose, and eyebrows<strong>.</strong> Socially-prescribed perfectionism significantly predicted dysmorphic and symmetry concerns, with self-oriented perfectionism also predicting symmetry concerns. Aesthetic sensitivity was not a significant predictor.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Symmetry concerns may be widespread in the community. Socially-prescribed perfectionism might be a viable therapeutic target for dysmorphic and symmetry concerns. Replication studies in clinical cohorts are needed to corroborate whether these trends extend to the clinical end of the body image spectrum.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100079"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000146/pdfft?md5=eb18163124da91919234f0eae523d9d6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000146-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47441953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of internet addiction with depression, anxiety, stress, and the quality of sleep: Mediation analysis approach in Serbian medical students","authors":"Miloš Stanković ,&nbsp;Milkica Nešić","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exponential Internet growth, despite functional use in human communication and useful impact on the technological development of the society, has nevertheless demonstrated some downsides in recent years. A growing body of evidence shows both linear and/or nonlinear association between excessive Internet use (e.g., Internet addiction (IA)) and depression followed by depression-related psychopathology (e.g., anxiety, stress, and sleep quality). Some academic groups, such as medical students, have demonstrated to be at high risk for both IA and depression development. However, little is known whether the association between IA and depression is bi-directional or unidirectional, and to what extent the IA-depression relationship is mediated by anxiety, stress, and the quality of sleep. The present cross-sectional study investigated behavioral mechanisms underlying the IA-depression association, mediated by anxiety, stress, and the quality of sleep in a sample of Serbian medical students (N = 161). Participants filled out paper-and-pen questionnaires including the Internet Addiction Test (IAT); self-report questionnaires of Internet use; Depression, Anxiety and Stress scales (DASS-21), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). We provide strong evidence that IA predicts depression and vice versa clarifying a bi-directional path; however, whereas the IA-depression association was partially mediated by anxiety and stress, the depression-IA path was not intervened by mediators. In addition, the IA-quality of sleep path was fully mediated by anxiety. These results provide evidence for a bi-directional hybrid path between IA and depression, highlighting the mediation role of anxiety and stress. This study may contribute to the academic community by improving mental health prevention programs for medical students.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100071"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000067/pdfft?md5=971de5345815a54aea1ea4a7670a8df2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000067-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42296746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The perceived overqualification's effect on innovative work behaviour: Do transformational leadership and turnover intention matter?","authors":"Rumeysa Kaymakcı ,&nbsp;Ali Görener ,&nbsp;Kerem Toker","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper aims to test the mediating role of turnover intention as well as the moderating role of transformational leadership in the relationship between perceived overqualification and innovative work behaviour in the telecommunications industry. Data were collected using questionnaires from three main telecommunications companies in Turkey. A total of 420 white-collar employees were reached as a result of the application of the simple random sampling method. The data was analysed via structural equation modelling. The present research revealed that transformational leadership had a full moderating role in the relationship between perceived overqualification and innovative work behaviour. Additionally, turnover intention had a mediating role on the increase of overqualification. The results of the study revealed that employees' POQ could be manipulated to produce positive outcomes for the organization. Empirical findings regarding the negative impact of IWB have extended the scope of theoretical discussions on POQ and IWB by adding TI as a critical mediator. Employees with POQ can produce excellent results if managed appropriately. Therefore, when making decisions, leaders should regard employees with a high level of POQ as a source of innovation. Besides, managers can direct the focus of POQ employees from TI to IWB through the application of TL.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100068"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000031/pdfft?md5=011d41aa74842036b91787c6285ddba6&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000031-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137179254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Task-specific bilingual effects in Mandarin-English speaking high school students in China","authors":"Adam John Privitera ,&nbsp;Mohammad Momenian ,&nbsp;Brendan Weekes","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The question of whether bilingual language experience confers a cognitive advantage is still open. Studies report that putative bilingual advantages can be accounted for by individual differences in socioeconomic class, immigration status, or culture. Such studies typically consider bilingual experience to be a categorical variable using parametric statistical analyses. However, bilingual experience is itself highly variable across individual participants in most studies reported to date. Here we test the hypothesis that bilingual experience has a direct effect on executive function by estimating the effect of L2 (English) experience on performance in the Simon and flanker tasks. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess effects of bilingual experience on performance. Self-reported L2 proficiency was associated with reduced interference on the Simon task as well as faster global response times on the flanker task, suggesting some cognitive advantages during inhibitory control. We conclude that individual differences in bilingual language experience may explain the many contradictory findings in studies testing the veracity of the bilingual advantage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100066"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000018/pdfft?md5=bc715e2c95915284053c3937bd40c72a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000018-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46505555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the early bird really get the worm? How chronotype relates to human intelligence","authors":"Aaron Gibbings ,&nbsp;Laura B. Ray ,&nbsp;Dylan Smith ,&nbsp;Nicholas van den Berg ,&nbsp;Balmeet Toor ,&nbsp;Valya Sergeeva ,&nbsp;Jeremy Viczko ,&nbsp;Adrian M. Owen ,&nbsp;Stuart M. Fogel","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Chronotype impacts our state at a given time of day, however, chronotype is also heritable, trait-like, and varies systematically as a function of age and sex. However, only a handful of studies support a relationship between chronotype and trait-like cognitive abilities (<em>i.e</em>., intelligence), and the evidence is sparse and inconsistent between studies. Typically, studies have: (1) focused on limited subjective measures of chronotype, (2) focused on young adults only, and (3) have not considered sex differences. Here, using a combination of cognitive aptitude and ability testing, subjective chronotype, and objective actigraphy, we aimed to explore the relationship between trait-like cognitive abilities and chronotype.</p></div><div><h3>Design</h3><p>Participants (N = 61; 44 females; age = 35.30 ± 18.04 years) completed the Horne-Ostberg Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) to determine subjective chronotype and wore an activity monitor for 10 days to objectively assess bedtime, rise-time, total sleep time, inter-daily stability, intra-daily variability, and relative amplitude. Cognitive ability (<em>e.g</em>., Verbal, Reasoning and Short-Term Memory) testing took place at the completion of the study.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Higher MEQ scores (<em>i.e.,</em> more morning) were associated with higher inter-daily stability scores. Superior verbal abilities were associated with later bedtimes, younger age, but paradoxically, higher (<em>i.e.</em>, more morning) MEQ scores. Superior STM abilities were associated with younger age only. The relationships between chronotype and trait-like cognitive abilities were similar for both men and women and did not differ between younger and older adults.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The present study demonstrates that chronotype, measured by the MEQ, is highly related to inter-daily stability (<em>i.e.,</em> the strength of circadian synchronization). Furthermore, although evening types have superior verbal abilities overall, higher (<em>i.e.</em>, more morning) MEQ scores were related to superior verbal abilities after controlling for “evening type” behaviours.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100083"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000183/pdfft?md5=f091451dcb301a53883b1ee22ad8350c&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000183-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137179253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of individual moral inclinations on group moral conformity","authors":"I.Z. Marton-Alper ,&nbsp;A. Sobeh ,&nbsp;S.G. Shamay-Tsoory","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conformity has been shown to affect behaviors ranging from attitudes to moral decisions. The current research examined how individual moral inclination (i.e., utilitarian vs. deontological) affects moral conformity in online settings. To this end we designed a trolley-like moral dilemma paradigm in which participants rated moral decisions both individually and after being exposed to other people's ratings. We validated the task with 363 participants, demonstrating that in online settings individuals tend to conform to the group's moral judgments. Using an additional 346 participants, we showed that individual differences influence the conformity tendency, such that people with utilitarian inclinations conform to a greater extent and more frequently than people with deontological inclinations. We conclude that people with prior utilitarian inclinations are more disposed to moral conformity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100078"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000134/pdfft?md5=edfaa07c3ad5341ec106bfbee3f893ad&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000134-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48303677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioral evidence of a harmonic surprise effect on preference in popular music","authors":"Scott A. Miles ,&nbsp;David S. Rosen ,&nbsp;Norberto M. Grzywacz","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Recent statistical studies have suggested a relationship between increased harmonic surprise and music preference. Conclusive behavioral evidence to establish this relationship is still lacking. We set out to address this gap through a behavioral study using computer-generated stimuli designed to differ only in contrastive and absolute harmonic surprise. We produced the stimuli with both experimental control and ecological validity in mind by engaging the help of studio musicians. The stimuli were rated for preference by 84 participants (44 female, 40 male) between 18 to 65 years old. Participants rated items featuring moderately increased absolute and contrastive surprise significantly higher than items with lower harmonic surprise. This effect applied only to levels of surprise within a range typically found in popular music, however. Excessive surprises did not yield an increase in preference. We discuss different mechanisms of consistency and how they may mediate the selection of neural strategies leading to preference formation. These findings provide evidence of a causal behavioral relationship between harmonic surprise and music preference.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000158/pdfft?md5=6e6f2a76bc444cfa2cb6e0c90e9bede5&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000158-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48805772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture and narcissism: The roles of fundamental social motives","authors":"Zhuo Li ,&nbsp;Alex J. Benson","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cultures that value individuality over collective cohesion tend to report higher levels of narcissism. One plausible explanation is that individuals with vertical individualistic orientations might find it easier to justify motivations to procure individual status and success, which may reinforce narcissistic tendencies. We tested this idea with samples of university students (<em>N₁</em> = 545) and working adults (<em>N₂</em> = 534). Specifically, we examined the degree to which cultural orientations related to grandiose narcissism through the fundamental social motives of status and affiliation. The indirect effects of vertical individualism on narcissism exhibited consistent patterns in both samples. As expected, vertical individualism related to higher levels of both agentic and antagonistic narcissism via a stronger status motive. The indirect effects of horizontal collectivism on narcissism were only observed for narcissistic rivalry. Specifically, horizontal collectivism related to lower levels of antagonistic narcissism via a stronger affiliation motive and a weaker status motive. Through documenting the interconnectedness of individuals’ cultural orientations, social motives, and narcissism, our findings demonstrate the central role of the status motive for narcissism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100072"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000079/pdfft?md5=3141e0d3a5e7a34932ef780bdee61ed9&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000079-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"137179304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visually guided computer-mouse clicking interferes with multiple-object tracking (MOT)","authors":"Mallory E. Terry,&nbsp;Lana M. Trick","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Many everyday tasks require coordinated action towards specific items moving amongst others (e.g. touching, pointing). Pylyshyn (2001) proposed that multiple-object tracking (MOT), the ability to monitor positions of specific target items as they move amongst others, is an integral part of coordinated action towards targets.  In support of this, Terry and Trick (2021) found that when participants were required to touch any moving item that changed colour (visually guided touch) it not only interfered with MOT – but it interfered differentially, with less interference for touching items that changed colour if they were also targets in MOT.  However, direct touch may represent a special case. In this study, we attempted to replicate the finding using a different coordinated action: computer-mouse clicks. Participants tracked 2–3 targets in MOT while clicking any item that changed colour. Mouse-clicking also interfered differentially with MOT, which suggests a common mechanism may underlie these processes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000122/pdfft?md5=d493cfa2e024861fce9ec15fd59e63df&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000122-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46298978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Motor behavioral abnormalities and histopathological findings in middle aged male Wistar rats inoculated with cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","authors":"Auderlan M. Gois ,&nbsp;José M.M. Bispo ,&nbsp;Lívia C.R.F. Lins ,&nbsp;Katty A.A.L. Medeiros ,&nbsp;Marina F. Souza ,&nbsp;Edson R. Santos ,&nbsp;Jileno F. Santos ,&nbsp;Alessandra M. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Regina H. Silva ,&nbsp;Marcelo O.R. Paixão ,&nbsp;José F.S. Leopoldino ,&nbsp;Murilo Marchioro ,&nbsp;José R. Santos ,&nbsp;Deise M.F. Mendonça","doi":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crbeha.2022.100069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with loss of upper and lower motor neurons in the primary motor cortex and spinal cord, respectively. Motor deficits are the main clinical features observed in patients with the disease. However, it has been suggested that the presence of neurotoxic factors in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from ALS patients causes loss of motor neurons. The present study investigated the motor and histopathological changes induced by intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusion of CSF from ALS patients in middle aged male Wistar rats. Middle aged male rats were divided into three groups: (1) control group, animals injected with artificial CSF solution; (2) N-ALS group, animals injected with CSF from volunteers without neurological disease; and (3) ALS group, animals inoculated with CFS from a patient with definite ALS. After surgical and infusion procedures, animals were evaluated in different motor tests (grip strength; catalepsy and open field tests). Moreover, animals’ spinal cords were histologically investigated. We observed that ALS-CSF infusion reduced grip strength and led to motor changes and reduction in the number of motor neurons and glial cells in thoracic and lumbar regions of spinal cord. However, CSF N-ALS caused reduction of nerve and glial cells in the thoracic but not in the lumbar region. Our data suggest that ALS-CSF is associated with neurodegenerative mechanisms observed in ALS pathology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":72746,"journal":{"name":"Current research in behavioral sciences","volume":"3 ","pages":"Article 100069"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666518222000043/pdfft?md5=7a1ab0f0e2a5d4a21330a87bafc22dc0&pid=1-s2.0-S2666518222000043-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45480837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}