{"title":"High-Numerical-Aperture, 3D-Printed All-Dielectric Harmonic Diffraction Metalens in the Sub-THz Frequency Range","authors":"Kobi Ben Atar, Jacob Engelberg, Uriel Levy","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202500064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202500064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Terahertz (THz) optical devices have emerged as critical tools across diverse applications, owing to the distinctive properties of THz radiation. The ability of THz waves to penetrate nonconductive materials enables numerous nondestructive testing applications, while their characteristic interaction with molecular vibrations produces unique spectral fingerprints, facilitating precise material identification and quantification. Moreover, the low photon energy of THz radiation makes it particularly suitable for biological inspection without sample damage. Despite these advantages, conventional THz devices, including emitters and detectors, remain bulky, impeding their miniaturization and integration. THz metalenses offer a promising solution by enabling wavefront control in compact, planar architectures. However, their reliance on electromagnetic diffraction introduces significant dispersion, presenting substantial challenges for implementation in the inherently broadband THz regime, which often spans multiple octaves. Herein, an advanced all-dielectric metalens operating at dual-frequency harmonics in the sub-THz regime is demonstrated. The lens, fabricated using commercial 3D printing technology, enables rapid prototyping and cost-effective manufacturing. This metalens achieves a numerical aperture of 0.86 (50 mm diameter, 15 mm focal length) at both 150 and 300 GHz. This development represents a significant advancement toward implementing higher-order metasurface elements in the THz regime.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202500064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhixiang Huang, Jie Ji, Ke Ma, Eric Herrmann, Riad Yahiaoui, S M Jahadun Nobi, Fei Ding, Peter Uhd Jepsen, Thomas A. Searles, Binbin Zhou, Zizwe Chase, Xi Wang
{"title":"Switchable Terahertz Beam Steering with Near-Perfect Ordinary Transmission","authors":"Zhixiang Huang, Jie Ji, Ke Ma, Eric Herrmann, Riad Yahiaoui, S M Jahadun Nobi, Fei Ding, Peter Uhd Jepsen, Thomas A. Searles, Binbin Zhou, Zizwe Chase, Xi Wang","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202500073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202500073","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study introduces a reconfigurable metasurface that achieves transmission control across a broadband terahertz (THz) frequency range by leveraging the phase transition property of vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) to enable precise beam steering. Designed with a single-layer metasurface composed of VO<sub>2</sub> split-ring resonator (SRR) unit structures, this device offers switchable THz beam steering upon actuation with a global temperature change. At high temperatures corresponding to the “ON” state, the metasurface exhibits frequency-dependent THz beam steering at large angles for crosspolarized THz transmission, as demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. At room temperature and in the “OFF” state, it achieves near-perfect ordinary transmission for the incident THz light, without distorting the incoming light. The reconfigurable metasurface demonstrates an average modulation depth of 95% with a maximum value of 99.8% at the designed deflection angles. This innovative approach indicates the potential advanced applications in THz technology, including communications, imaging, and sensing, which require high-performance, efficient, and reconfigurable THz deflectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202500073","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leyre Aldaz-Caballero, Nan Liu, Pablo Molina, Antonio Arranz, Eva Hemmer, Antonio Benayas, Riccardo Marin
{"title":"Surface Oxidation of 2D γ-Indium Sulfide Nanoplatelets and Its Impact on Photoluminescence","authors":"Leyre Aldaz-Caballero, Nan Liu, Pablo Molina, Antonio Arranz, Eva Hemmer, Antonio Benayas, Riccardo Marin","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202500017","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202500017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials are being explored for applications including photocatalysis and optoelectronic devices. This class of materials features high surface-to-volume ratio that imparts unique physical properties. Yet, this feature makes 2D semiconductor materials prone to chemical changes that translate to variations in their photophysical behavior. Large-scale application of these materials requires an understanding of degradation processes toward developing strategies to increase their stability. Here, the effect of air exposure on underexplored 2D semiconductor material γ-In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> is studied. This In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> polymorph is stabilized as nanoplatelets, which are then characterizes before and after exposure to air. A marked surface oxidation , accompanied by drastic variations in photoluminescence is observed. Temperature-dependent spectroscopic measurements show that the emission spectrum of fresh γ-In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanoplatelets is dominated by two defect-related bands, while oxidation enhances the contribution of a third band. An energy level scheme is proposed based on the analysis of the spectroscopic data. This study finally portrays how a postsynthesis treatment with an oxygen-containing molecule (oleic acid) changes the photoluminescence of γ-In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> nanoplatelets similarly to a prolonged air exposure. The work shines light on the optical properties of γ-In<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>, paving the way for their control and the use of this material in luminescence sensing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202500017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Li Zeng, Huaiqian Yi, Xiaofan Wang, Chao Feng, Weiqing Zhang
{"title":"A Trade-Off between Pulse Energy and Stability in Seeded Free-Electron Lasers","authors":"Li Zeng, Huaiqian Yi, Xiaofan Wang, Chao Feng, Weiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202400219","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Over the last decade, external seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) have achieved significant advancements across various disciplines, progressively establishing themselves as indispensable tools in fields ranging from fundamental science to industrial applications. The performance of seeded FELs is critically dependent on the quality of the frequency up-conversion process. Optimized conditions for seeded FELs are typically considered as the maximization of the bunching factor. This article discusses alternative perspectives on the optimization criteria for seeded FELs by analyzing the impact of dispersion strength on their overall performance. This study investigates the differences among the required dispersion strength for achieving the maximum bunching factor, maximum pulse energy, optimal energy stability through theoretical analysis, simulation calculations, and experimental explorations. The direct observation in experiments emphasizes the consideration of trade-off between pulse energy and energy stability in seeded FELs. These results provide valuable insights and practical guidance for controlling the pulse characteristics of seeded FELs, contributing to the tuning and optimization of FEL facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400219","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ashkan Momeni, Shota Kawabata, Kotaro Obata, Koji Sugioka
{"title":"Improvement of Cu Ablation Efficiency Using GHz-Burst Femtosecond Laser at 515 nm Wavelength","authors":"Ashkan Momeni, Shota Kawabata, Kotaro Obata, Koji Sugioka","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202500002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202500002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, gigahertz (GHz)-burst-mode femtosecond lasers have revolutionized laser processing by significantly improving processing efficiency and quality. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear and experimentally optimizing the processing parameters is difficult due to their huge number. This study implements a theoretical approach based on simulations to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the Cu ablation efficiency enhancement by GHz-burst mode. The simulation results obtained using a two-temperature model suggest that the ablation efficiency is improved due to the interaction of subsequent intra-pulses in a GHz burst with Cu melted by the preceding intra-pulses. It is demonstrated that for GHz-burst mode, a 515 nm wavelength achieves higher Cu ablation performance than when using the infrared wavelength and demonstrates 2.8 times higher ablation efficiency than the single-pulse mode. The simulation results well agree with the experimental results. The approach used here represents a major advance not only in understanding the underlying mechanisms but also in determining the optimal processing conditions for practical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202500002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Nonresonant Background Removal and Phase Retrieval Approaches: From Experimental Methods to Deep Learning Algorithms","authors":"Rajendhar Junjuri, Thomas Bocklitz","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202500035","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202500035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a nonlinear optical technique widely utilized for vibrational imaging and molecular characterization in fields such as chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science. Despite the high signal intensity provided by CARS, the nonresonant background (NRB) can obscure valuable molecular fingerprint information. Therefore, effective NRB removal and phase retrieval are essential for achieving precise spectral analysis and accurate material characterization. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of CARS-NRB removal and phase retrieval methods, tracing the transition from classical experimental techniques and numerical algorithms to cutting-edge deep learning models. The discussion evaluates the strengths and limitations of each approach and explores future directions for integrating deep learning to improve phase retrieval accuracy and NRB removal efficiency in CARS applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202500035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-Chroma, High-Contrast Tunable Color Coatings Using Sb2S3 in a Metal-Dielectric Stack","authors":"Riley Shurvinton, Arjun Karimbana, Priya Dominic, Antonin Moreau, Olivier Hector, Konstantinos Iliopoulos, Fabien Lemarchand, Julien Lumeau","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202400194","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thin-film coatings are a versatile option for creating color. These coatings can be made tunable by introducing phase-change materials (PCMs), whose optical response changes due to an external signal. However, commonly used PCMs such as Ge<sub>2</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>5</sub> (GST) are limited in their applications for color coatings, due to high absorption of visible light. Here, the alternative PCM Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> is used, and a novel coating design is demonstrated, which incorporates the PCM layer into an asymmetric Fabry–Perot cavity with Ag, SiO<sub>2</sub> and Ti layers. Simulations are used to show that this design yields high-chroma colors in a wide range of hues, which exhibit a large tunable hue shift when the phase of the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> layer changes. Three coatings are deposited to experimentally verify these results, which give good agreement with the simulations. The phase change of the Sb<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> layer is demonstrated using direct heating using a hotplate, and also using laser annealing, which allows microscale image writing to be realized on the coatings.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design Method of Time-Multiplexed Ultrashort Throw Ratio Projection System with Low Distortion and Uniform Resolution","authors":"Yuefan Shan, Jiaping Sun, Xilong Dai, Da Wang, Yongqi Liu, Dewen Cheng","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400224","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202400224","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Time-multiplexed laser projection is recognized as a promising projection technology owing to its broad color gamut and high energy efficiency. The escalating demands for enhanced laser safety and reduced space occupation necessitate the development of ultrashort throw ratio (UTR) projectors. However, the inherent mechanical deflection limitations and distortions of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) scanners pose significant challenges to achieving UTR projection. To address these constraints, trapezoidal distortion is first eliminated by ensuring vertical laser incidence on MEMS mirrors during the initial projection phase. Subsequently, a systematic design methodology for UTR laser MEMS projection systems is proposed, incorporating a miniaturized catadioptric projection objective that maintains uniformly optical étendue distribution. This configuration achieves a throw ratio of 0.27, reduces pillow distortion to 0.4%, and ensures consistent resolution across the entire screen. Segmentation and modular assembly of the catadioptric objective at telecentric intermediate image planes enhances the efficiency of initial structural design phase. The developed projection prototype experimentally validates the efficacy of the projection system designed through the proposed methodology in decreasing the projection ratio, correcting distortion, and maintaining uniform projection resolution across the full field of view.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400224","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sonu Kumar, Ridong Jia, Yi Ji Tan, Thomas Caiwei Tan, Pascal Szriftgiser, G. Arun Kumar, Guillaume Ducournau, Arokiaswami Alphones, Ranjan Singh
{"title":"Topological Berry Antenna on a Silicon Chip for Terahertz Wireless Communication","authors":"Sonu Kumar, Ridong Jia, Yi Ji Tan, Thomas Caiwei Tan, Pascal Szriftgiser, G. Arun Kumar, Guillaume Ducournau, Arokiaswami Alphones, Ranjan Singh","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202500123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/adpr.202500123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Nonzero Berry curvature is central to the existence of topological edge states in electronic and photonic valley-Hall systems. While manipulating the Berry curvature in condensed matter systems is challenging, valley-Hall topological photonics offer unprecedented control, where the broken spatial inversion symmetry alters the Berry curvature. Herein, an all-silicon Berry antenna is presented, using a continuously varying geometry corresponding to a gradual change in Berry curvature. The on-chip topological edge mode with a tunable field extent is achieved to enhance effective antenna aperture, creating a high-gain on-chip photonic antenna with perfectly planar wavefronts. Experimentally, a maximum gain of 17 dBi that supports 20 Gbps chip-to-chip wireless communication is demonstrated, with active optical tunability of the antenna gain with modulation depths of 8 dBi. This Berry antenna paves the way for the development of complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible topological Berry devices, with potential applications in integrated micro-/nano-photonics, next-generation wireless communications (6G to Xth generation), and terahertz detection and ranging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202500123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145022310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vahid Najafy, Bijan Abbasi-Arand, Maryam Hesari-Shermeh
{"title":"Terahertz Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Structure for High-Precision Gas Sensor Technology","authors":"Vahid Najafy, Bijan Abbasi-Arand, Maryam Hesari-Shermeh","doi":"10.1002/adpr.202400163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/adpr.202400163","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is a significant challenge to accurately identify and differentiate sample materials in the gas phase, especially when they have closely similar refractive indices. A promising solution in the THz range is to use plasmonic spoof surface structures configured in an Otto arrangement. Here, this study proposes a multilevel <i>meta</i>-grating structure sensor that achieves a remarkable improvement over the conventional binary-grating structure model. The proposed setup has been meticulously designed to maximize reflectance within the sensor's reflectance spectrum. This has been achieved by precisely adjusting the air gap distance, effectively minimizing the impact of sample material density. An in-depth analysis of gas samples with this structure shows a considerable increase in sensitivity with a small refractive index change up to 11.4 (TH/RIU), and the results are validated by simulating the reflection spectrum using the semi-analytical rigorous coupled wave analysis method. Moreover, the eigenmode solver in the CST Studio software is used to generate dispersion curves. The newly proposed design is particularly suitable for effectively detecting different gases with closely spaced refractive indices, making the proposed structure very useful in high-precision sensors that discern small refractive index changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7263,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Photonics Research","volume":"6 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://advanced.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/adpr.202400163","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}