Acta tropica最新文献

{"title":"Impact of social behavioural change for reducing risk of climate-sensitive infectious diseases in the emergency context of Cabo Delgado, Mozambique: a pre-post intervention study","authors":"Francesco Vladimiro Segala ,&nbsp;Giacomo Guido ,&nbsp;Edoardo Occa ,&nbsp;Elsa Chambisse ,&nbsp;Francesco Cavallin ,&nbsp;Rumela Cobre ,&nbsp;Giorgia Gelfi ,&nbsp;Josè Moniz ,&nbsp;Ketan Chitnis ,&nbsp;Claudia Marotta ,&nbsp;Inusso Chuau ,&nbsp;Angelo Ghelardi ,&nbsp;Aida Mohamed ,&nbsp;Giovanni Putoto ,&nbsp;Annalisa Saracino ,&nbsp;Manuel Aly Mussa ,&nbsp;Francesco Di Gennaro","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Mozambique's minimal contribution to global gas emissions contrasts sharply with the significant impact climate change has on the region, particularly in terms of frequent droughts, cyclones, and floods. These climate-related disasters exacerbate vulnerabilities related to food security, human health, and economic growth. This study evaluates the impact of a Social Behavior Change (SBC)-based intervention on preparedness against water-borne diseases (WBDs) and vector-borne diseases (VBDs) among communities in Cabo Delgado, Mozambique.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This prospective, before-after, community-based study was conducted in six districts of Cabo Delgado province from October 2022 to December 2023. The intervention focused on promoting WASH practices and preventive measures through the Mozambican Ministry of Health's \"Familia Modelo\" strategy. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with 1602 households at both baseline and endline.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study demonstrated significant improvements in key areas, including the availability of latrines, mosquito nets, food drying facilities, and sanitary landfills. Handwashing facilities, safe water treatment, and storage systems showed the largest increases. The median preparedness score improved from 3 (IQR 2–4) to 6 points (IQR 4–7) out of a maximum of 7 points (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.0001). However, a small percentage of households lost access to certain amenities, and challenges persisted, particularly among internally displaced persons (IDPs), who did not show significant improvement in preparedness due to their unique challenges.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intervention improved preparedness in several domains, emphasizing the effectiveness of SBC approaches in reducing risk factors for climate-sensitive diseases. However, continued efforts are needed to address vulnerabilities, particularly among IDPs and overcrowded households. Education and community-based actions remain crucial for enhancing adaptive responses to climate hazards and mitigating the detrimental effects of climate change on public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144548407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, molecular diversity and zoonotic implications of Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (G1) in cattle across Nigeria: Evidence of broader transmission dynamics","authors":"Tharheer Oluwashola Amuda ,&nbsp;Olajumoke Abimbola Morenikeji ,&nbsp;Li Li ,&nbsp;Ibikunle Mark Akanbi ,&nbsp;Georgina Nijideka Odaibo ,&nbsp;Bernard Anyebe Onoja ,&nbsp;Li-Qun Wang ,&nbsp;Guo-Dong Dai ,&nbsp;Wei-Gang Chen ,&nbsp;Yao-Dong Wu ,&nbsp;Ke-Ke Wu ,&nbsp;Yixuan Wu ,&nbsp;Hong Yin ,&nbsp;Wan-Zhong Jia ,&nbsp;Bao-Quan Fu ,&nbsp;Xue-Nong Luo ,&nbsp;Hong-Bin Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by <em>Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato</em>, is a major zoonotic disease with significant public health and economic impacts. Despite its endemicity in Africa, molecular data on <em>Echinococcus granulosus s.l.</em> genotypes in Nigeria remain limited, with existing knowledge primarily derived from sparse epidemiological studies. This study presents the first nationwide molecular assessment of CE in Nigerian cattle, evaluating prevalence, genetic diversity, and risk factors.</div><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study across four abattoirs to investigate the zoonotic risk of cystic echinococcosis (CE) by examining the fertility, organ distribution and molecular characterization of the hydatid cysts in cattle, genotyping by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (<em>cox1</em>) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (<em>nad1</em>) genes. Results revealed an overall CE prevalence of 2.05 %, with regional variations (highest in Abubakar Saraki [5.79 %] and Akinyele [2.59 %]). Cysts were primarily found in lungs (1.62 %) and liver (0.43 %). Molecular analysis identified <em>E. granulosus sensu stricto</em> (G1 genotype) as the dominant genotype, with 3 <em>cox</em>1 and 6 <em>nad</em>1 haplotypes demonstrating substantial genetic diversity. Regional differentiation suggested localized transmission linked to livestock movement.</div><div>This study provides crucial epidemiological and genetic data on <em>E. granulosus sensu stricto</em> in Nigeria, confirming the presence of the globally dominant G1 genotype and highlighting significant genetic diversity. The findings emphasize the need for a region-specific, One Health-based approach integrating veterinary, medical, and environmental interventions to control CE. Future research should focus on expanding surveillance to other intermediate hosts and evaluating control strategies to mitigate disease transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107721"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morpho-molecular characterization of tick species prevalent in domesticated and semi-domesticated bovine species in three districts of Arunachal Pradesh","authors":"Nyumpi Bagra ,&nbsp;Prasenjit Roy ,&nbsp;Ayyanar Elango ,&nbsp;Mahari Jiumin Basumatary ,&nbsp;Daniel Mize ,&nbsp;Robin Doley","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks are small, blood-sucking arthropods that pose a significant threat to public health and animal welfare worldwide. However, information on the relationships between tick species diversity, altitudinal gradients and hosts in Arunachal Pradesh is limited. This study investigates tick prevalence across five locations in Arunachal Pradesh, India, at altitudes ranging from 140 m to 1200 m. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and sequencing of the mitochondrial 16S ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA) and nuclear second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) were used for morpho-molecular identification of tick species. Morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses confirmed the presence of tick species: <em>Rhipicephalus microplus, Amblyomma integrum, Haemaphysalis longicornis, Haemaphysalis bispinosa</em> and <em>Ixodes ovatus</em>. This study provides the first report on the ITS2 gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis of <em>A. integrum</em>. Among the tick species, <em>R. microplus</em> emerged as the most dominant tick species across all altitudes and seasons in the study areas. Host-specific observations showed that <em>Bos frontalis</em> hosted a larger variety of ticks compared to <em>Bos indicus</em> in most locations. This study describes the use of SEM and 16S rRNA/ITS2-based molecular analysis for tick species identification and highlights the seasonal predominance and species richness of ticks across different altitudes and hosts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107720"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First report of Trypanosoma evansi A-type from the Ecuadorian Amazon: Phylogenetic and structural analyses of the VSG RoTat1.2 fragment","authors":"Gustavo Guayaquil ,&nbsp;Camila Chávez ,&nbsp;Sandra Enríquez ,&nbsp;Jazzmin Arrivillaga-Henríquez ,&nbsp;Franklin Vaca ,&nbsp;Mariana C. Eleizalde ,&nbsp;Marta Mendoza ,&nbsp;Leda Pedelini ,&nbsp;Miguel Martínez-Fresneda ,&nbsp;Graciela L. Uzcanga ,&nbsp;Washington Benítez-Ortiz ,&nbsp;Juan-Carlos Navarro ,&nbsp;José R. Ramírez-Iglesias","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Trypanosoma evansi</em>, a protozoan parasite of the <em>Trypanozoon</em> subgenus, infects domestic and wild animals, and occasionally humans, worldwide. Despite its significant impact on livestock production, epidemiological studies and molecular analyses of <em>T. evansi</em> based on variant surface glycoproteins (VSG) remain limited in South America. We report the first molecular identification of <em>T. evansi</em> in two localities in the Ecuadorian Amazon and provide phylogenetic and structural analyses of the VSG RoTat 1.2 fragment. Using a retrospective biobank approach, we analyzed DNA from blood samples of dogs and horses from small farms in the Orellana and Sucumbíos provinces of the country. Three primer sets targeted the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), expression site-associated genes 6 and 7 (ESAG6/7), and VSG RoTat 1.2. Sequences were evaluated at both the nucleotide and predicted protein levels. The molecular prevalence was 19 % (5/26), including one dog from Sucumbíos and one dog plus three horses from Orellana. Although ITS and ESAG phylogenies were inconclusive, VSG analysis grouped the Ecuadorian genotypes within a distinct <em>T. evansi</em> clade, separate from <em>Trypanosoma equiperdum</em> and <em>Trypanosoma brucei</em>. The amino acid residues of the VSGs are similar between <em>T. evansi</em> isolates and different from those of the other two species. However, the overall structural conservation of the VSGs analyzed portions of the <em>Trypanozoon</em> species suggests a preserved membrane protein functionality. These findings reveal the silent presence of <em>T. evansi</em> in rural Ecuador, posing risks to animals and highlighting the need for further research on native isolates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology, diagnostic methods, and available treatments for tinea capitis in Ethiopia: A narrative review","authors":"Danilo Mirata ,&nbsp;Carlotta Sofia Barberis ,&nbsp;Nunzia Cerullo ,&nbsp;Silvia Ricci ,&nbsp;Francesco Silenzi ,&nbsp;Greta Tronconi ,&nbsp;Cesare Filippeschi ,&nbsp;Teresa Oranges","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tinea capitis is a common fungal infection of the skin and hair follicles of the scalp, primarily affecting the pediatric population. It is caused by dermatophytes, mainly from the <em>Trichophyton</em> and <em>Microsporum</em> genera, and clinical diagnosis can be confirmed through microscopic examination, culture, or molecular techniques. Adequate treatment should involve systemic antifungal drugs. Ethiopia, the second most populous country in Africa, also reports the second-highest prevalence of tinea capitis on the continent. However, fungal diseases remain largely neglected in public health initiatives. This narrative review aims to synthesize current epidemiological data, risk factors, and diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, to estimate the disease burden, guide clinical practice, and inform future public health strategies. A systematic literature search was conducted in open-access databases. Data on study populations, prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment were extracted and analyzed. A total of 14 studies were included, encompassing 7077 patients with tinea capitis in Ethiopia. The condition was found to be highly prevalent among Ethiopian children, mirroring trends seen in other African regions. The predominance of urban-based studies reveals a critical gap in data from rural areas, limiting a full understanding of the national disease burden. Clinical diagnosis alone may overestimate prevalence, potentially leading to inappropriate treatments and increased antifungal resistance. Transmission is strongly influenced by socioeconomic and hygiene-related factors. <em>Trichophyton</em> species are the main etiological agents. While national efforts have improved hygiene and sanitation, significant challenges persist. Moreover, despite the existence of diagnostic and treatment guidelines, their uneven application, often due to economic and logistical constraints, continues to hinder effective disease management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UVB radiation impairs CD4+ and IFNγ+ cell responses, promoting IL-10+ cells and exacerbating lesions caused by Leishmania mexicana using a mouse model 30 days post-infection","authors":"Angel Francisco González-Mireles ,&nbsp;Mayra Alejandra Rodríguez-Serrato ,&nbsp;Eder Yaveth Reyes-Cruz ,&nbsp;Alma Yolanda Árce-Mendoza ,&nbsp;Mario Cesar Salinas-Carmona ,&nbsp;Alberto Yairh Limón-Flores ,&nbsp;Angel Ramos-Ligonio","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107718","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107718","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In mice, susceptibility or resistance to <em>Leishmania</em> spp. infection is associated with distinct CD4+ <em>T</em>-helper cell responses. A predominant Th2 response, characterized by chronic disease, contrasts with a Th1 response, which promotes healing and parasite clearance. Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation induces local and systemic immunosuppression by impairing antigen-presenting cell function, stimulating IL-10 production, and skewing the Th1/Th2 balance towards a Th2 phenotype dominated by IL-4 and IL-10. This study investigated disease progression and early local immune responses in UVB-immunosuppressed C57BL/6 mice infected with <em>Leishmania mexicana</em>. Mice were exposed to immunosuppressive doses of UVB radiation and subsequently infected with L. <em>mexicana</em> promastigotes. Lesion size, parasite load, histopathology, and the presence of IL-10+, IFN-γ+, mast cells, macrophages (MOMA2+), CD4+, and CD8+ <em>T</em> cells at the lesion site were evaluated. UVB-exposed, L. <em>mexicana</em>-infected mice exhibited altered tissue architecture, increased numbers of both intact and degranulated mast cells, and elevated IL-10+ and MOMA2+ cell infiltration in skin lesions, compared to wild-type, L. <em>mexicana</em>-infected controls. Conversely, CD4+, CD8+, and IFN-γ+ cells were decreased in the UVB-exposed group. These findings suggest that exposure to UVB radiation acts as a risk factor for cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL), as these findings indicate it can exacerbate lesions and increase parasite load through the induction of an unfavorable immune microenvironment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107718"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification to cytospecies of the vector of onchocerciasis in the Republic of Niger","authors":"Robert A Cheke ,&nbsp;Salissou Adamou Batchiri ,&nbsp;Rory J Post ,&nbsp;Daniel A Boakye","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In order to incriminate the vector that was responsible for onchocerciasis transmission in the Republic of Niger, where WHO have declared that the disease has been eliminated, cytotaxonomic identifications were collated from published and unpublished sources. Data on 1205 cytotaxonomic identifications of members of the <em>Simulium damnosum</em> complex collected as larvae in the country from 1967 to 1991 showed that, with the exception of five <em>S. damnosum</em> s.str., all identifications were <em>S. sirbanum</em>, which is thus confirmed as the almost exclusive vector in Niger. Some of the main breeding sites are described and illustrated and circumstantial evidence is presented that the form of <em>S. sirbanum</em> commonly found in Niger is zoophilic as well as anthropophilic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144523696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description and characterization of Borrelia genospecies in infected patients in the Western region of Venezuela","authors":"José Goyo Rivas ,&nbsp;Mariolly Rendon ,&nbsp;Solsiree Maldonado ,&nbsp;Lousdy Carolina Gómez Abraham ,&nbsp;Darling Stella Morales Andará ,&nbsp;Delsy Dávila-Vera ,&nbsp;Rosa Virginia Mendoza-Briceño ,&nbsp;Siham Salmen","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Lyme disease, or Lyme borreliosis (LB), is the most prevalent vector-borne disease, representing over 75 % of tick-borne illnesses, with approximately 700,000 cases reported annually in the United States and Europe. No studies in Venezuela have explored the presence or genospecies diversity of Borrelia spp. This study aimed to detect and characterize <em>Borrelia spp</em>. circulating in Venezuela.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A cohort of 1140 patients was analyzed using microscopy, real-time PCR, enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and Western blot to identify <em>Borrelia</em> spp. and associated hemoparasites.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div><em>Borrelia</em> spp. were detected in 188 (16.49 %) patients, with 130 (69.14 %) exhibiting coinfections with other hemoparasites, such as <em>Babesia</em> spp. and <em>Ehrlichia</em> spp. The predominant genospecies was <em>B. garinii</em> (43.5 % IgM+, 13 % IgG+), followed by <em>B. spielmanii</em> (21.7 % IgM+, 4.3 % IgG+), <em>B. afzelii</em> (19.6 % IgM+, 2.2 % IgG+), <em>B. burgdorferi sensu stricto</em> (<em>Bbss</em>) (10.9 % IgM+, 6.5 % IgG+), and <em>B. bavariensis</em> (2.2 % IgM+, 4.3 % IgG+). Co-occurrence of multiple genospecies was observed in 36.73 % of cases.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study in Venezuela confirms the presence of Lyme borreliosis and highlights the diversity of circulating genospecies. The use of sensitive, broad-spectrum diagnostic tools is critical to reducing false negatives and ensuring timely diagnosis, thereby improving patient outcomes<strong>.</strong></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterizing the diversity of Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l) virome in Colombia","authors":"Luisa Páez-Triana ,&nbsp;Nicolás Luna ,&nbsp;Lissa Cruz-Saavedra ,&nbsp;Angie L Ramírez ,&nbsp;Julián Esteban Medina ,&nbsp;Sergio Castañeda ,&nbsp;Marcela Gómez ,&nbsp;Diego J. Garcia-Corredor ,&nbsp;Martin Orlando Pulido Medellín ,&nbsp;Luz H. Patiño ,&nbsp;Marina Muñoz ,&nbsp;Juan David Ramirez","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107715","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107715","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks within the species complex <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em> sensu lato are carriers for various pathogens worldwide. Among them are some RNA viruses, who have gained increased attention due to their potential for interaction between pathogenic and non-pathogenic organism. Our study aimed to investigate the RNA virus composition in <em>R. sanguineus</em> s.l. (also known as <em>R. linnaei</em>) ticks collected from the Santander and Casanare regions in eastern Colombia. We employed Oxford Nanopore sequencing technology coupled with viral enrichment procedures. Thirty-nine adult ticks, removed from dogs, were sequenced with Oxford Nanopore sequencing. These reads underwent two distinct analyses: one focused on sequencing reads utilizing Centrifuge/BLAST for direct assignment, and one involved assembly of viral metagenomic assembled genomes (vMAGs) using the Genome Detective Tool program. Our investigation showed the presence of six distinct viruses within the tick virome: Trinbago virus, Mivirus sp., Bole tick virus 4, Brown dog tick phlebovirus 2, Totiviridae sp., <em>Ixodes scapularis</em> totilike virus, and Brown dog tick phlebovirus 1. Notably, we successfully assembled the genomes for the latter two species, enabling phylogenetic and comparative analyses with genomes from various global regions. Only the category of sex yield significant differences in alpha diversity. We described viruses with potential pathogenicity but also with endosymbiotic potential. The latter group holds promise for developing biotechnological tools to aid future tick vector control strategies. Furthermore, our research offered valuable insights into the predominant viruses found in <em>R. sanguineus</em> s.l. ticks in two previously unexplored regions within Colombia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107715"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-circulation of multiple serotypes of foot and mouth disease virus among susceptible multispecies animal population in India during 2021-2022","authors":"Manoranjan Rout,&nbsp;Jagannath Prasad Tripathy,&nbsp;Priyabrata Giri,&nbsp;Sagar Sangam Rautaray,&nbsp;Shyam Singh Dahiya,&nbsp;Jitendra Kumar Biswal,&nbsp;Saravanan Subramaniam,&nbsp;Jajati Keshari Mohapatra,&nbsp;Rabindra Prasad Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>India, with over 535 million livestock, is one of the largest and most densely populated countries in Asia in terms of livestock population. Transboundary animal diseases, such as foot and mouth disease (FMD), pose significant constraints on the development of progressive livestock enterprises in developing countries. During 2021–2022, a relatively higher number of suspected FMD outbreaks were reported across multiple species in most states and union territories (UTs). In addition to cattle, other affected species included buffalo, sheep, goat, pig, mithun, and yak. Clinical samples (tongue epithelium, oral mucosa, oral swab, foot or snout epithelium, and saliva) were collected from these species and tested using in-house serotyping ELISA, followed by reverse-transcription multiplex PCR. Multiple FMDV serotypes were detected in different states and UTs. For example, both serotypes O and A were detected in six states: Maharashtra, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Odisha, Nagaland, and Karnataka. Serotype O alone was identified in 23 other states/UTs. All three serotypes including O, A, and Asia 1 were detected in Tamil Nadu and Jammu &amp; Kashmir. The detection of multiple FMDV serotypes across different states and animal species indicates the co-circulation of diverse virus strains, which presents a significant challenge for disease control and prevention. Factors contributing to the spread and persistence of the disease include the common practice of mixed farming in India, where multiple species are housed together, and the migratory nature of small ruminant flocks, particularly in regions like Jammu and Kashmir. Additionally, the cyclic pattern of FMD incidence, likely influenced by delayed vaccination and waning immunity from natural infections, further complicates the epidemiological landscape. Given the complexity of the situation and the diversity of circulating FMDV serotypes, implementing a monovalent vaccine program is currently not advisable. Instead, a comprehensive FMD control strategy is essential. This should be informed by detailed epidemiological analysis and surveillance and supported by the use of high-quality vaccines, accompanied by uniformly practiced and timely vaccination efforts, to effectively manage the disease and mitigate its impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 107709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}