Acta tropica最新文献

{"title":"Receptor-regulated smads (R-Smads) in the liver fluke Fasciola gigantica: Characterization, comparative sequence analysis, and life stage-specific expression","authors":"Ornampai Japa ,&nbsp;Chorpaka Phuangsri ,&nbsp;Khuruwan Klinbumrung ,&nbsp;Khanuengnij Prakhammin","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) signaling pathway is a key conserved developmental pathway, demonstrating remarkable conservation in its components, structures, and functions across diverse animal species. This study presents a comprehensive characterization and comparative analysis of receptor-regulated Smads (R-Smads) in <em>Fasciola gigantica</em>, a major parasite affecting cattle, buffalo, and ruminants in tropical regions. Four R-Smads were identified: FgSmad1/5, FgSmad2, FgSmad3, and FgSmad8. Full-length cDNAs for these R-Smads, isolated using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approach, were 3348, 3010, 5172, and 1991 bp in length, encoding proteins of 464, 506, 678, and 404 amino acids, respectively. FgSmad1/5 and FgSmad8 were classified as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-specific R-Smads (BR-Smads) due to their conserved signature motifs and similarity to those found in parasitic platyhelminths and mammalian hosts. Conversely, FgSmad2 and FgSmad3 were identified as TGF-β/activin-specific R-Smads (AR-Smads), displaying a distinctive pattern of conserved motifs commonly observed among trematode parasites. Notably, FgSmad2 exhibited an atypical feature for R-Smads, as it lacked the MH1 domain. The expressions of <em>F. gigantica R-Smad</em> genes were observed across all developmental stages, with the highest levels of most <em>R-Smads</em> occurring in the unembryonated egg stage (primarily BR-Smads) and the metacercaria stage (predominantly AR-Smads), underscoring a significant shift in TGF-β and BMP signaling dynamics during development. These findings greatly advance our understanding of R-Smad proteins within the TGF-β signaling pathway of <em>F. gigantica</em> and provide a solid foundation for future research into their roles and regulatory mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107603"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of dengue control strategies in Bangladesh: An optimal control and ACER-ICER analysis","authors":"Faizunnesa Khondaker ,&nbsp;Md. Kamrujjaman ,&nbsp;Md. Shahidul Islam","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107587","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107587","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prevalence of the dengue virus in Bangladesh is extensive, significantly contributing to both illness and death. Managing outbreaks of dengue fever poses a challenge in tropical regions like Bangladesh, where consistently warm temperatures allow mosquitoes to breed and the virus to proliferate. This study introduces a deterministic model with four compartments to represent the transmission of the dengue virus, with parameters estimated using the 2023 outbreak data in Bangladesh. Utilizing the next generation method, we calculate the basic reproduction number <span><math><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></math></span> and conduct sensitivity analysis to explore how various model parameters impact the transmission and spread of dengue in the population. Furthermore, personal protective measures and treatment are incorporated into our proposed model. Numerical simulations are conducted, using the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) to assess the cost-effectiveness of different control strategies, focusing on different control measures with varying cost weights. The findings demonstrate that the combined application of controls avert more infections at a minimal expenses. Additionally, there is a reciprocal relationship between the extent of control efforts and cost weights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107587"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aedes albopictus responses to transfluthrin-impregnated polyester fabric in a semi-field system at different time periods","authors":"Jutamas Kerdsawang ,&nbsp;Alex Ahebwa ,&nbsp;Ratchadawan Ngoen-Klan ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Hii ,&nbsp;Theeraphap Chareonviriyaphap","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107596","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107596","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile pyrethroid spatial repellents produce airborne chemicals that cause insect repellency and provide personal protection to human users. This study investigated the effect of a passive emanator fabric on the human landing catch (HLC) of <em>Aedes albopictus</em> in a semi-field system (SFS) as well as post-exposure blood-feeding behavior, fecundity, and egg hatchability. A polyester fabric measuring 1029 cm² impregnated with 2.5 g/m² transfluthrin (TFT) (6.8 %, w/v) was attached to a black-screened vest to simulate insecticide-treated clothing. Two collectors wearing treated polyester fabric (TFT-P) or untreated fabric conducted HLC from opposite test arenas during morning (06:00–08:00 h) and evening (18:00–20:00 h) trials for 12 days. Recaptured surviving mosquitoes were provided a blood meal for 120 min. The protective efficacy—the percentage reduction of HLC in treatment compared to control—of TFT-P was 60.73 % during the morning trials compared to 31.97 % during the evening trials. Blood feeding was moderately reduced in exposed (37.5 % fed) and unexposed (67.7 % fed) mosquitoes during the morning trials. Similarly, egg hatchability was significantly low in exposed batches (31.2 % hatched) compared to the unexposed (54.5 % hatched) from the morning trials, but not the evening trials. The results highlighted the effect of trial time on TFT-P efficacy, mosquito feeding behavior, and egg hatchability. TFT-P could provide personal protection against <em>Ae. albopictus</em> by preventing bites and offering community protection by reducing feeding propensity. Further open-field tests and evaluations against other mosquito species are needed before public use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107596"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term effect of weather variables on West Nile virus infection in Equids in Spain: A space-time stratified case-crossover design","authors":"Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez ,&nbsp;Lola Pailler-García ,&nbsp;Aleš Urban ,&nbsp;Germán Cáceres ,&nbsp;Sebastián Napp ,&nbsp;Núria Busquets","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>West Nile virus (WNV) is an arthropod-borne virus primarily transmitted by <em>Culex</em> mosquitoes, among birds, but occasionally infecting humans and equids. Understanding environmental factors on the disease occurrence is crucial for planning effective prevention and control strategies. Our study estimates the short-term effects of ambient temperature, relative humidity and precipitation on weekly cases of WNV in equids in Spain, using a space-time stratified case-crossover design. Because WNV transmission occurs sometime after the weather conditions become favorable for the vector, we aimed to estimate the lagged effect of the three weather variables on the incidence of WNV cases in equids. Therefore, we applied a conditional Poisson regression within the framework of lag-distributed models. These models are particularly effective for examining the delayed effects of exposures. The incidence of WNV confirmed cases was associated with temperatures registered within the prior two and eight weeks. The highest incidence was observed at lag four, where the incident rate ratio (IRR) increased to 11.96 (95 % CI: 9.84–50.40) with mean temperature at 33 °C, likewise relative humidity effect peaked also at lag four (IRR=3.99; 95 % CI: 1.43–11.16) at 93 % of relative humidity. On the other hand, the confidence intervals for precipitation were very wide, making it difficult to discern a clear change in the risk of WNV infection associated with total precipitation. This study sheds light on the complex relationships between meteorological variables and the incidence of WNV cases. Considering the zoonotic nature of the disease, these results could provide valuable information for surveillance and early warning of the disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107602"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Chlamydia abortus infection in Tibetan sheep in Qinghai Province, China","authors":"Fan Lei ,&nbsp;Jiali Yu ,&nbsp;Yaqian Niu ,&nbsp;Te Ba ,&nbsp;Lin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107593","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107593","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Chlamydia abortus</em> (<em>C. abortus</em>) is an obligate intracellular, Gram-negative bacterium, causing ovine enzootic abortion (OEA). No data about <em>C. abortus</em> infection are available in Tibetan sheep in Qinghai, China. A total of 1043 Tibetan sheep serum samples were collected from 8 regions in Qinghai, China, and for specific antibodies against <em>C. abortus</em> using a commercial ELISA Kit. The results showed that the overall seroprevalence of <em>C. abortus</em> in Tibetan sheep was 153/1043 (14.7 %, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 12.5–16.8). The prevalence in female and male Tibetan sheep was 58/421 (13.8 %, 95 % CI 10.5–17.1) and 95/622 (15.3 %, 95 % CI 18.6–26.6), respectively with no significant difference (<em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The seroprevalence of antibodies to <em>C. abortus</em> in Tibetan sheep ranged from 10.0 to 21.7 % among the eight different areas, and the difference was also without statistical significance. The prevalence among different age groups ranged from 14.0 to 16.5 %, with a higher prevalence among 1 to 1.5 years age category. The results demonstrate the presence of <em>C. abortus</em> infection in Tibetan sheep in Qinghai and its potential impact on public health and the local Tibetan economy. To our knowledge, this is the first seroprevalence survey of <em>C. abortus</em> in Tibetan sheep in Qinghai, China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":"264 ","pages":"Article 107593"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid molecular method for early detection of the invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) at Points of Entry.","authors":"Michela Menegon, Francesco Severini, Luciano Toma, Marco Martignoni, Marco Di Luca","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, globalization and climate change have led to a rise in the number of imported cases of Aedes-diseases in Europe, resulting in increased frequency and magnitude of local transmissions due to the presence of competent vectors. Recently, Italy has experienced the establishment of three exotic Aedes mosquitoes relevant to human health, Aedes albopictus, Aedes koreicus and Aedes japonicus. Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue and yellow fever, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, has recently reappeared in Europe and the risk for its re-introduction in Italy is high given the climatic conditions suitable for the species. To address the risk of introduction and spread of Aedes-diseases, the Health Authorities recommend the strengthening of entomological surveillance at regional level, particularly in strategic areas and Points of Entry, such as ports and airports. In 2021, a Korean research team developed a multiplex-PCR assay for the identification of six Aedini species, not including Ae. aegypti. In the present study, the previous diagnostic test was improved by designing reverse primers for the identification of Ae. aegypti and Aedes geniculatus. This latter native mosquito lays eggs morphologically similar to those of invasive species with which it can sometimes be found in sympatry. Furthermore, a ten-minute DNA extraction method was implemented. The results obtained demonstrate a perfect diagnostic capacity and sensitivity of the method in discriminating the five species tested. Here, findings of a sensitive, rapid and cost-effective molecular assay developed for the early identification of invasive species at high-risk sites are shown.</p>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":" ","pages":"107605"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to three zoonotic pathogens in the pig population of Southern Italy.","authors":"Gianmarco Ferrara, Nebyou Moje, Antonella Rossi, Ugo Pagnini, Giuseppe Iovane, Serena Montagnaro","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107607","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pigs represent a reservoir of infectious diseases that can be transmitted to humans through feeding or close contact. The aim of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of three zoonotic pathogens (Brucella suis, Mycobacterium avium, and Paslahepevirus balayani, also called hepatitis E virus) in the swine population in the Campania region, Southern Italy. A total of 370 animals from 31 farms were sampled and tested with specific commercial ELISAs. Antibodies against hepatitis E virus were detected in 41.4% of the animals and in almost all the farms (83.8%). Mycobacterium avium and Brucella suis were less widespread (seroprevalences of 3.5% and 0% at the individual level, 32.3% and 0% at the farm level, respectively). The univariate analysis of risk factors showed that sex (males), location (Naples), age (growers and finishers), farm size, and system (intensive) were related to higher hepatitis E virus prevalences. We also found higher seroprevalences in pigs belonging to districts where bovines were the main ruminant species. This variable and age were confirmed as risk factors also in multivariate analysis. The data obtained highlighted how pigs are HEV reservoirs also in southern Italy and that pigs in this region are also exposed to Mycobacterium avium but not to Brucella suis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":" ","pages":"107607"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proteophosphoglycan functional motifs display genetic polymorphism in a natural population of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis.","authors":"Pollyana Primo Carvalho, Monaliza Souza, Lilian Medina, Marcus Muñoz, Albert Schriefer","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leishmaniasis causes 3,5M DALYs. Treatment often requires parenteral administration and causes debilitating side effects. Vaccines to prevent the most dramatic outcomes would be most welcome. The Proteophosphoglycan (PPG) is encoded by ppg1 to ppg4 and mediates interaction of Leishmania spp. with macrophages employing two motifs: leucine-rich (LRR), and alanine, proline, and serine repeats (APS). We PCR amplified, cloned, sequenced, and assessed the conservation of LRR and APS of ppg3 and ppg4 in L. braziliensis of 24 patients from Northeast Brazil, then compared them to Leishmania spp. from Genebank. Evolutionary divergencies (ED) between ppg alleles were calculated by Maximum Composite Likelihood. The amplification success of ppg3-lrr was 87.5%; ppg3-aps was 58.3%; and ppg4-lrr was 62.5%. ppg3-lrr presented two conserved alleles of equal frequencies, similar to reference strain's (ED = 0.000). ppg4-lrr presented three alleles with overall lower conservation (ED = 48.820). Conservation was high for two of the alleles (ED = 0.003) present in 87.5% of isolates. Three alleles of ppg3-aps were observed (overall ED = 0.730). One occurred in three L. braziliensis isolates being similar to reference strain's (ED = 0.009). The other two were present in 70% of the isolates, substantially deviating from the reference L. braziliensis (ED > 1.000). Phylogeny employing ppg3-lrr, ppg3-aps or ppg4-lrr clustered L. braziliensis reference and test isolates with the other subgenus Viannia species, segregating them from species of other New and Old-World subgenera. Overall, moderate polymorphism affected functional PPG motifs, opening the possibility of their consideration in eventual subunit vaccines against leishmaniasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":" ","pages":"107606"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative study on the utility of automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for NS1 antigen-based dengue diagnosis.","authors":"Munjal Shah, Nehal Mehta, Zeenal Savla, Anand Ramaian Santhaseela, Elavarasan Tamilmani","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107604","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With newer dengue outbreaks extending to regions that were previously unaffected, about half of the world's population is now at risk of dengue infection. This scale of dengue spread and its undistinguishing primary fever symptom demands embracing automated high-throughput diagnostic techniques for quicker confirmatory diagnosis which otherwise requires time, cost and skill intensive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Magnetic bead-based automated chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) is one potential platform that has proven its diagnostic potential for different diseases. However, adoption of CLIA for dengue diagnosis demands extensive validation for widespread implementation. To this end, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of CLIA in comparison with routine dengue diagnostic approaches such as rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and RT-PCR. RDT and CLIA detected the presence of dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen while RT-PCR detected the presence of viral RNA. From the analysis of 204 samples, the dengue test positive percentage was 17.6%, 16.7% and 19.6% by RDT, CLIA and RT-PCR methods, respectively. CLIA exhibited a sensitivity of 77.5%, specificity of 98.17% and a Cohen's kappa agreement (κ) value of 0.802 with RT-PCR. In addition, CLIA also exhibited a high κ-value of 0.931 with RDT. These findings show the reliability of NS1 antigen detection using automated CLIA for dengue diagnosis. This supports the potential to adopt high-throughput automated CLIA for dengue diagnosis when resources and expertise required to meet the need for quick test result turnaround during outbreaks may be limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":" ","pages":"107604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequencing and description of mitochondrial genome of Coquillettidia venezuelensis, Trichoprosopon digitatum and Uranotaenia calosomata (Diptera: Culicidae).","authors":"Fábio Silva da Silva, Bruna Laís Sena do Nascimento, Ana Cecília Ribeiro Cruz, Hanna Carolina Farias Reis, Daniel Damous Dias, Bruno Tardelli Diniz Nunes, Sandro Patroca da Silva, Ivy Tsuya Essachika Prazeres, José Wilson Rosa Junior, Liliane Leal das Chagas, Durval Bertram Rodrigues Vieira, Roberto Carlos Feitosa Brandão, Lívia Carício Martins, Daniele Barbosa de Almeida Medeiros, Joaquim Pinto Nunes Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mosquitoes constitute a monophyletic taxon with approximately 3,700 species, widely distributed across continents and recognized as primary vectors of various infectious agents. Despite their medical importance, limited information is available on the evolutionary biology and molecular taxonomy of many mosquito species. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Coquillettidia venezuelensis Theobald, 1912, Trichoprosopon digitatum Rondani, 1848, and Uranotaenia calosomata Dyar & Knab, 1907, collected from the Brazilian Amazon. Sequencing was performed using the NextSeq 500 platform, resulting in genomes averaging 15,329 bp in length, comprising 37 functional subunits (13 PCGs, 22 tRNA, and 2 rRNA) and an A+T-rich control region. Comparative analyses revealed conserved genome organization, codon usage bias favoring AT-rich codons, and evidence of purifying selection acting on PCGs. Notably, a unique tRNA gene rearrangement was identified in Tr. digitatum, supporting its association with the Sabethini tribe. Phylogenetic reconstruction using concatenated PCGs confirmed the monophyly of major mosquito lineages, corroborating current taxonomic classifications and previous molecular and morphological studies. Our findings enrich the genetic resources available for Culicidae, contributing to improved molecular taxonomy and evolutionary understanding of these taxa. Additionally, this study highlights the potential of using transcriptomic data to recover mitochondrial genomes, offering a valuable tool for future systematic and eco-epidemiological research. Integration of mitochondrial data with nuclear markers and expanded taxonomic sampling is recommended to enhance resolution of deeper phylogenetic relationships within Culicidae.</p>","PeriodicalId":7240,"journal":{"name":"Acta tropica","volume":" ","pages":"107601"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143741806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}