Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)最新文献

{"title":"A CREKA-modified multifunctional nanoplatform for targeted thrombolysis: an<i>in vitro</i>characterization of efficacy and biocompatibility for retinal thrombotic diseases.","authors":"Yanmei Wang, Shuxian Shao, Yufan Zhang, Jiaxin Zheng, Danning Liu, Yuan Li","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae6499","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Retinal thrombotic diseases, a major cause of vision impairment, lack effective treatments that directly resolve vascular occlusion. To address this challenge, we developed a novel multifunctional nanoplatform for targeted thrombolysis: PLGA-PFP-rtPA nanoparticles modified with the fibrin-targeting peptide CREKA (PPrC NPs). The nanoparticles were successfully fabricated with a spherical morphology, a mean size of 289±12.2 nm, and a zeta potential of -13.1±0.5 mV, indicating good stability. In vitro thrombolysis assays demonstrated that PPrC NPs, combined with low-intensity ultrasound, exhibited significantly superior thrombolytic efficacy compared to controls (P < 0.05), owing to a synergistic effect of fibrin targeting, ultrasound-responsive drug release, and phase-transition enhancement.Cytotoxicity assays on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells confirmed high biocompatibility, with cell viability exceeding 90% at concentrations up to 1000 µg/mL. Furthermore, comprehensive hemocompatibility evaluations, including hemolysis, coagulation function, complement activation (C3a), and platelet activation, revealed no adverse effects within the therapeutically relevant concentration range (≤ 800 µg/mL). Collectively, these findings indicate that the CREKA-modified nanoplatform provides a safe and effective strategy for targeted thrombolysis in vitro, presenting a promising foundation for developing minimally invasive therapies for retinal thrombotic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wet-stable PLGA-PCL electrospun membranes as synthetic scaffolds for corneal applications.","authors":"Danilo Villanueva Navarrete, Ana M Sandoval-Castellanos, Mehmet Gunen, Thomas E Paterson, David Ramos Rodriguez, Abhinav Reddy Kethiri, Vivek Singh, Sheila MacNeil, Frederik Claeyssens, Ilida Ortega Asencio","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae57f1","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae57f1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Corneal impairment is the fourth leading cause of blindness worldwide. Current therapies often use biodegradable amniotic membranes (AMs) to assist in transferring limbal stem cells or explants to the cornea. Surgeons have extensive experience with these, but they are human biological tissue and must be sourced and used under tissue bank conditions to reduce the risk of disease transmission. Thus, accessibility and safety remain concerns in their use. Accordingly, the development of synthetic scaffolds to support limbal tissue outgrowth is an attractive, reproducible and accessible alternative. This group has made good progress towards this membrane design using a Polylactide-co-Glycolide (PLGA) electrospun membrane but has identified problems with handling and integrity of the membrane once wet. Our aim, therefore, is to improve the integrity and pliability of these cell delivery membranes in wet environments without compromising their ability to act as cell carriers for corneal regeneration. Electrospun scaffolds with different mechanical properties were manufactured by blending different concentrations of PLGA and Polycaprolactone (PCL). All the manufactured membranes supported cell outgrowth when tested with porcine and human limbal explants. Scaffolds were characterised under dry and wet conditions using scanning electron microscopy and uniaxial tensile testing. Blends with a relatively high proportion of PCL (30%) were able to maintain their mechanical properties under both dry and wet conditions and were flexible in handling. This study demonstrates that PLGA-PCL electrospun membranes with 30% PCL content retain good mechanical properties in a wet environment, making them easy to handle while retaining the ability to support limbal tissue attachment and cell outgrowth. This makes them a viable synthetic alternative to the AM.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147522851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional eutectogel for co-delivery of baicalein and metformin to promote diabetic wound healing.","authors":"Naijun Dong, Shu Huang, Nasha Wu, Yuesheng Dong, Zhilong Xiu","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5e13","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5e13","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products have made significant contributions to human therapeutics. However, approximately 90% of these compounds face severe limitations in clinical application due to challenges such as poor water solubility, low bioavailability and instability. Although combining natural products with synthetic drugs has demonstrated synergistic advantages in treating various diseases, their therapeutic potential for diabetic wound healing remains largely unexplored. A key obstacle lies in the significant differences in solubility between these two drugs, which severely hinders the development of combination formulations. This study developed a dual-drug-loaded gel system (Bai-Met/DES-Gel) based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and carbomer 940. The solubility of baicalein was enhanced to 26.72 mg ml^-1, enabling its stable co-dissolution with the synthetic metformin. The drug delivery system exhibited sustained-release properties, good biocompatibility, significant antibacterial activity against<i>E. coli</i>and<i>S. aureus</i>, and excellent DPPH radical scavenging capacity. In the diabetic rat wound model, Bai-Met/DES-Gel effectively accelerated wound healing by inhibiting inflammatory responses, promoting granulation tissue formation, facilitating collagen alignment, stimulating angiogenesis, and enhancing cell proliferation. This study advanced the potential application of DES on co-delivery of natural and synthetic drugs, while providing a novel solution for the treatment of diabetic wounds.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular matrix-targeted biomaterials and nanocarriers for pelvic-floor repair/regeneration in stress urinary incontinence: local modulation of the MMP/TIMP axis and NF-κB/MAPK-linked remodeling programs.","authors":"Caizhi Lin, Yan Ke","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae62e4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae62e4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is associated with pelvic-floor extracellular-matrix (ECM) remodeling, including an imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) that can weaken periurethral load-bearing connective tissue. This Review frames SUI as a clinically relevant ECM-failure niche and synthesizes ECM-targeted biomaterials and nanocarriers designed to rebalance the MMP/TIMP axis while enabling pragmatic pharmacodynamic readouts for early translation. We organise recent preclinical and early translational work across three modality classes: (i) protease-responsive injectable hydrogels that provide temporary mechanical support while tuning degradation and local protease inhibition; (ii) matrices functionalized with extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNAs and proteins that influence matrix turnover; and (iii) lipid nanoparticles delivering small interfering RNA to transiently suppress upstream drivers of ECM catabolism, including NF-κB/MAPK signalling. For each class, we map controllable design variables to expected on-target effects and highlight concrete failure modes that often limit reproducibility and translation, such as potency and batch variability, placement sensitivity, viscoelastic fatigue, immune activation, and penetration-retention trade-offs. We conclude with an assessment package linking tissue mechanics to molecular remodeling by combining transperineal shear-wave elastography (SWE) with urinary EV microRNA panels to support context-of-use definition and cross-platform comparison under defined conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of citric acid-coated nanomaterials releasing oxygen and antioxidant vitamin E and investigation of their effects on healthy and cancer cells under hypoxic and normoxic conditions.","authors":"Yasemin Büşra Atmaca, Nermin Seda Kehr","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5e12","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5e12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypoxia and inflammation are in a reciprocal interaction. Oxygen deficiency not only results in prolonged inflammation but also contributes to its continuation by sustaining immune responses. Although various nanocarriers have been designed for oxygen transport or antioxidant drug delivery, this study uniquely combines both functions in a single nanomaterial platform. Here, we report the synthesis of an oxygen-carrying nanomaterial (CPE) functionalized with antioxidant citric acid and loaded with vitamin E. CPE particles exhibit an initial burst release within the first 24 h, followed by a pH-dependent sustained release phase. In an acidic environment (pH 6.0), cumulative release reaches a maximum of ∼69% by the end of day 7. Additionally, CPE particles exhibit a continuous O₂release profile over 7 d, reaching a peak of ∼11.8% at 96 h and maintaining an O₂ level close to physiological oxygen levels (>6%) in a hypoxic environment by the end of day 7.<i>In vitro</i>experiments are consistent with each other in terms of cell viability, ROS, and NO production. In general, CPE increases the viability of healthy cells by 25% while decreasing ROS, NO and lipid peroxidation, and increases ROS, NO and lipid peroxidation in cancer cells while decreasing cell viability by 11% in hypoxic environments. The observed results are interpreted as follows: cancer cells typically exhibit high basal ROS levels and limited antioxidant buffering capacity. Therefore, an increase in oxygen availability, combined with citric acid and vitamin E, can cause acute oxidative imbalance. Under these conditions, moderate ROS accumulation can increase oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, ultimately inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. In contrast, healthy cells possess more efficient antioxidant defense systems. The presence of oxygen, citric acid, and vitamin E together can support normal oxygen-dependent metabolism while protecting cell membranes from lipid peroxidation, thanks to citric acid's metal chelation properties and vitamin E's antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An optically accessible two-chamber perfusion bioreactor for label-free metabolic imaging of three-dimensional tissue models under dynamic flow conditions.","authors":"Juan N Bejarano Rios, Charlotte von Heckel, André Weber, Werner Zuschratter, Gábor Janiga, Heike Walles, Sascha Kopp","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5b0d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5b0d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bioreactors play an important role in tissue engineering as they tackle challenges that arise when developing three-dimensional (3D) tissue models. Bioreactor design is a complex task due to the combination of technology-specific and tissue-specific requirements, with general requirements like biocompatibility and sterility. Here we present a novel design for a two-chamber perfusion bioreactor that provides optical accessibility on both the apical and basal surfaces of 3D tissue models based on small intestine submucosa (SIS) scaffolds, while also enabling tissue culture under dynamic flow conditions. The flow of cell culture medium inside of the bioreactor was simulated in order to obtain uniform mechanical stimulation by means of shear stress on the apical surface of the tissue model (surface uniformity index >0.9). The shear stress magnitude lies in physiologically relevant ranges (average shear stress ∼1.4 mPa). As a proof-of-concept experiment a 3D tissue model consisting of spheroids from FaDu cells growing on the surface of the acellular scaffold SISser was cultured under dynamic flow conditions during six days and characterized using different optical imaging techniques. Attachment and growth of the spheroids over the scaffold was monitored using brightfield microscopy, after six days the area covered by the spheroids increased 3.45 times. Additionally, label-free metabolic imaging was performed by using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) as reporter. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of the coenzymes revealed differences in both the fluorescence intensity and lifetime of the spheroids and the scaffold. The bioreactor should serve as a tool for future research by providing an environment that supports tissue growth, while enabling the integration of non-invasive, non-destructive functional imaging techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147610822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combinative approach for the selective cellularization of human capillary-sized microchannels.","authors":"Daniele Pedroni, Caroline Gaucher, Laurent Badie, Halima Alem","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5c4c","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5c4c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The controlled cellularization of enclosed microchannels with true capillary dimensions remains a major technical limitation in<i>in vitro</i>vascular models. While endothelial cell seeding is routinely achieved in microchannels with dimensions above several tens of micrometers, reliable and spatially selective endothelialization of capillary-sized geometries remains challenging. Here, we report a combined microfabrication and surface-patterning strategy that overcomes this barrier, enabling selective endothelial cell seeding in open microchannels as small as 20 μm. The method introduces micrometric chemical selectivity in the microfabricated environment, allowing for precise control over cell-adhesive regions while preserving channel integrity and accessibility. The approach integrates soft lithography, thin metal film deposition, and gas-phase surface modification to define 15 μm-wide adhesive paths precisely aligned with SU-8 microchannels. This alignment enables selective inner-surface functionalization without the need for post-bonding treatments or complex flow-based patterning steps. SEM and AFM analyses confirm a clear physicochemical contrast between patterned and non-patterned regions throughout the fabrication process. After seeding, phase-contrast and fluorescence imaging demonstrate exclusive endothelial adhesion within the targeted microchannels. By enabling robust, reproducible, and selective cellularization at capillary dimensions, this approach allows to overcome a key technical barrier in microvascular fabrication and provides a fabrication strategy compatible with future capillary-scale<i>in vitro</i>models.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147635285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic chemical bond-driven sustained release of GDN-PLGA microspheres in injectable composite hydrogels for enhanced wound healing.","authors":"Zhenxia Ma, Yamei Wang, Yinqi Dai, Yuanshou Zhu, Dongdong Xiao, Ming Cao, Zhigang Zhu","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae59dc","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae59dc","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Traditional passive wound dressings struggle to meet the demands of effective wound management. This study developed an intelligent hydrogel composite wound dressing system with microenvironment-responsive characteristics, achieving controlled drug release by constructing a dynamic dual-network structure. Gastrodin-Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (GDN-PLGA) drug-loaded microspheres, with a particle size of 20-80 μm and an encapsulation efficiency of 44.3 ± 2%, are co-loaded into the system, forming an injectable drug-loaded hydrogel (GOA-GDN-PLGA). The results demonstrated that the GOA-GDN-PLGA dual-network injectable hydrogel significantly promotes wound healing. In a rat full-thickness skin defect model, the treatment group achieved a healing rate of 85.4 ± 4% after 14 d, considerably better than the commercial dressing group (51 ± 2%,<i>p</i><0.01). Histological analysis showed more organized collagen deposition and increased vascular density. These results indicate that the GOA-GDN-PLGA injectable drug-loaded hydrogel facilitates rapid hemostasis and enables controlled drug release, effectively addressing the challenge of multiple administrations of soluble drugs in traditional wound management.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid gelation strategy for ion-doped hierarchical hollow hydroxyapatite microspheres with enhanced bioactivity for bone repair.","authors":"Yasi Chen, Wei Shuai, Yizhuo Li, Baoyue Cao, Hui Yang","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae59dd","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae59dd","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of biomimetic microsphere systems holds great promise for advancing bone tissue engineering, yet challenges remain in achieving scalable synthesis of hierarchical structures with controlled bioactivity. Here, we report a rapid gelation-based strategy to fabricate hydroxyapatite (HAp) microspheres doped with biologically relevant ions (Mg, Sr, Zn, Fe). By exploiting the strong affinity between guar gum and trace copper ions, stable gel precursors were formed, enabling large-scale production of hollow microspheres. Structural characterizations confirmed that ion substitution preserved the HAp lattice while modulating crystallinity and particle growth. scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed the formation of well-defined hollow cores, with cavity size positively correlated with ion concentration. Thermogravimetric data suggested that hollow architectures arose from gel microstructure evolution during calcination.<i>In vitro</i>assays with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated robust cell adhesion, spindle-like morphology, and active proliferation on the microsphere surfaces, confirming excellent cytocompatibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147596146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microneedling (MN) combined with albumin gel and liquid platelet-rich fibrin mixtures (Alb-PRF) promotes periodontal soft tissue regeneration in SD rats.","authors":"Ping Song, Dawei He, Song Ren, Lin Fan, Jiang Sun","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5567","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae5567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We evaluated the efficiency, as a nonsurgical method, of a combination of microneedling (MN) and a blood-derived biomaterial albumin-platelet-rich fibrin (Alb-PRF) in a rat gingival recession (GR) model for periodontal soft tissue augmentation. Rat blood was used to prepare an Alb-PRF mixture, which was used in combination with MN for periodontal soft tissue regeneration therapy. Twenty-two SD rats, 9-10 weeks of age, were randomly selected; eight were used for blood collection and preparation of Alb-PRF mixtures for use as injectable drugs; three, tested for their ability to release growth factors, and observed by scanning electron microscopy, were used to prepare Alb-PRF mixtures; two were used for the preparation of GR models and observed using stereomicroscopy and micro-CT. The remaining nine rats were randomized into two groups. Group I was (MN treatment group and blank control group) and group II was (MN + Alb-PRF treatment group, Alb-PRF treatment group). All the groups were subjected to GR model establishment. Next, the rats, except the blank control group, were administered the corresponding treatment twice at an interval of 2 weeks. Two weeks after the final dose, each rat was euthanized and the maxillary first molar and periodontal tissue from the surgical region were retrieved. The retrieved samples were evaluated using<i>in-vivo</i>microscopy, histopathological assessments, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The MN + Alb-PRF group exhibited effective periodontal soft tissue regeneration, with significant improvements in parameters such as gingival height, gingival thickness, and clinical crown height, along with an increase in the percentage of collagen fiber area. Administration of MN + Alb-PRF injections to promote periodontal soft tissue regeneration is highly promising strategy for Alb-PRF treatment. The MN group showed most favorable outcomes compared with that of the blank group. Using MN alone and MN in combination with Alb-PRF is effective for promoting periodontal soft tissue regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}