The enhanced osteogenesis of calcium phosphate oligomers modified collagen membrane to guide bone regeneration.

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a promising technology for enhancing osteogenesis while preventing the invasion of fibrous tissue in implantation. Although collagen membranes have been widely utilized in GBR applications, their ability to support sufficient bone formation remains limited. Herein, we developed collagen-sodium alginate membranes (CSaM) with ultrasmall calcium phosphate oligomers (CPOs) incorporation by either physical adsorption (CSaM-em) or coprecipitation (CSaM-im). These two forms of organic-inorganic interaction facilitated biomimetic mineralizationin situ, exhibiting high hydrophilicity, proper degradable rate, good mechanical properties, and favorable biocompatibility. Furthermore,in vivotest illustrated that CSaM-im membrane exhibited superior bone formation ability. These results suggested that CSaM with CPOs coprecipitation enhanced physicochemical properties and improved osteogenesis, highlighting their significant potential for applications in GBR.