Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)最新文献

{"title":"Decellularized matrix of porcine skeletal muscle (dECM-pSM) and its<i>in vitro</i>biocompatibility as a graft approach for oral mucosa regeneration.","authors":"Jimena Macouzet-Garduño, Iriczalli Cruz-Maya, Janeth Serrano-Bello, María Cristina Piña Barba, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Perez","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae649a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae649a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral mucosa regeneration represents a significant clinical challenge due to the limited availability of autologous grafts and associated morbidity. This study focused on developing and characterizing decellularized matrices decellularized extracellular matrix porcine skeletal muscle (dECM-pSM) for their potential use in oral mucosa restoration. A perfusion decellularization protocol was implemented on pSM segments, utilizing a combination of physical (perfusion), chemical (SDS), and enzymatic (DNase-1) agents over 18 d. The effectiveness of the process was evaluated macroscopically, through histological stains (H&E, DAPI, Masson's Trichrome), scanning electron microscopy, DNA quantification, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal properties (TGA, DSC), swelling (S_w), and biocompatibility of the dECM-pSM with human gingiva fibroblast cells (HGF) were analyzed, including adhesion and viability assays. The results showed successful decellularization, with significant removal of nuclear material (0.7 ng mg^-1residual DNA) with preservation of the three-dimensional architecture of ECMs and physicochemical properties, as confirmed by histological integrity of the fiber and porous structures, preserved characteristic bands of amide groups, and stable thermal properties after the decellularization process. The dECM-pSM maintained their S_wcapacity (300% after 5 min) and demonstrated desirable<i>in vitro</i>biocompatibility, promoting the adhesion at 92% after 2 d, and viability of 80% after 4 d of HGF compared to the control, without evidence of cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the developed protocol yields decellularized matrices with suitable properties for tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the mechanical characteristics, microstructure, biodegradation, and in vitro biocompatibility potential of HAp-assisted, nano-scale TiO2@Al₂O₃strengthen Sr-reinforced Mg-Zn composite for internal fracture fixation.","authors":"Joy Saha, Kaushik Pal","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aeb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aeb","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study develops a hybrid-reinforced magnesium (Mg) composite for orthopedic implants by incorporating bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAp) and inert TiO2@Al2O3 nanoparticles. HAp is synthesized via controlled precipitation, while TiO2-coated Al2O3 was produced using a sol-gel method. A multi-phase Mg-Zn-HAp-TiO2@Al2O3-Sr composite (PMS) is compared with pure Mg (PM). The PMS composite exhibited uniform reinforcement distribution, significantly enhanced mechanical properties (178.5% increase in TYS and 107.1% increase in UTS compared to PM), and a reduced corrosion rate of 0.275 mm/year. Cytocompatibility results showed over 80% cell viability at 25% and 50% extract concentrations on day 1, 3 and 5. These findings demonstrate that synergistic reinforcement with Zn, HAp, TiO2@Al2O3, and Sr effectively improves the mechanical performance, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility of Mg for orthopaedic implant applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel printing strategy for high fidelity extrusion-based bioprinted multi-material nested models.","authors":"Maialen Zelaia Amilibia, Uxue Aizarna-Lopetegui, Laura Pérez Sánchez, Malou Henriksen-Lacey, Garat Berasategi Oñatibia, Clara García Astrain, Daniel Mejia-Parra, Camilo Cortés Acosta, Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aea","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aea","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in drug development and tissue engineering have emphasized the need for precise 3D-printed multilayered blood vessel biomodels. Although existing extrusion-based models integrate biomaterials and cells, they often lack geometric fidelity, limiting their practical use in tissue engineering. This study addresses a key constraint in the generation of multi-material cylindrical constructs by developing a new printing protocol to enhance trajectory generation for extrusion-based multi-material nested cylindrical model bioprinting process. To overcome this challenge, we have developed a Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) software capable of generating multi-material nested cylindrical models and their printing trajectory using an innovative printing protocol. The protocol strategically modifies the starting point of each layer and avoids collisions during fabrication. Furthermore, it optimizes the printing order to minimize tool changes and enables flexible adjustment of photopolymerization timing and pathing. We have tested this approach on three multi-material tissue models and compared the results with the models generated using the BIOCAD software (RegenHU). Findings demonstrate that our protocol significantly improves cylindrical structure integrity, minimizes printing collisions and reduces overall printing time. Comparative analysis confirms the superior printing fidelity of the tissue models printed using our method, validating its effectiveness for extrusion-based cylindrical bioprinting applications. This optimized trajectory-generation approach provides a robust framework for creating physiologically accurate in vitro vascular models, potentially accelerating drug discovery and reducing the reliance on animal experimentation in biomedical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and initial characterization of Ang-2 decorated exosome-liposome hybrid nanocarriers for BBB targeting capability: an evaluation of LRP-1 receptor mediated endocytosis.","authors":"Suridh Chakravarty, Neeraja Revi, Divya Bijukumar","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6164","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system (CNS) diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and brain tumors, are among the most challenging conditions to treat and are associated with high mortality rates. A significant obstacle in conventional treatment methods for CNS diseases is that many drugs struggle to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which diminishes their effectiveness. The primary aim of the current study was to develop and characterize a hybrid nanocarrier composed of exosomes and liposomes to facilitate targeted drug delivery across the BBB for future CNS disease therapies. To achieve targeted uptake, we conjugated the exosome-liposome hybrid to the Angiopep-2 peptide (ANG-2), which has a specific affinity for the LRP-1 receptor, found on endothelial cells of the BBB. Our results indicate that exosome-liposome hybrid nanoparticles exhibit significantly greater stability than exosomes alone. Moreover, the LRP-1 ligand-decorated exo-lipo hybrids effectively targeted U87 cells (a model cell line that expresses LRP-1) more efficiently than HEK293 (a cell line with low LRP-1 expression). Additionally, our findings demonstrated that these nanocarriers successfully evaded lysosomal degradation in U87 cells. We also assessed the barrier-crossing efficiency of the nanocarriers<i>in vivo</i>using zebrafish embryos.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147719024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive wound dressings for diabetic foot ulcers: Mechanisms, materials, and clinical translation.","authors":"Xue Wang, Nana Xiong, Huilin Hu, Jing Zhang, Kewei Hu, Yilin Chen, Lijia Cheng","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aec","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aec","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) represent a severe and challenging complication of diabetes, where healing is impaired by neuropathy, vascular dysfunction, persistent inflammation, and oxidative stress. Conventional therapies, including debridement and negative pressure wound therapy, often fail to fully restore the healing cascade, creating a need for advanced dressings that can actively interact with the wound microenvironment. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in DFU dressings, categorizing them into traditional, natural polymer-based (chitosan, alginate, collagen), synthetic polymer-based (PLGA, PVA, PEG), and multifunctional systems. A key focus is placed on elucidating their mechanisms of action, particularly in promoting angiogenesis, reducing oxidative stress, facilitating the transition of macrophages from proinflammatory M1 to reparative M2 phenotypes, and regulating critical signaling pathways such as AMPK, Wnt/β-catenin, and Nrf2/ARE. While preclinical evidence for many bioactive dressings is promising, their clinical translation remains limited, with only a few (e.g., collagen-based, silveralginate dressings) currently approved for use. Future research directions should prioritize the development of multifunctional and responsive dressings, underpinned by robust clinical validation through standardized evaluation and large-scale trials. This review provides a comprehensive and critical synthesis of current evidence, highlighting both mechanistic insights and the existing gaps between laboratory research and clinical application in DFU dressing technology.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resource-efficient decellularization of human iliac arteries using a 3D-printed radial-flow bioreactor: CFD-guided design and experimental validation.","authors":"Juan Odin Ramírez, Fabian Equihua Guillen, Emilio Camporredondo-Saucedo, Laura Castruita Avila, Adrián García-Lara","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aed","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae6aed","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular bypass and reconstruction often rely on synthetic or allogeneic grafts, which may exhibit limited long-term patency and adverse host responses. Decellularized extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds offer a promising alternative; however, conventional perfusion protocols are frequently reagent-intensive and technically demanding. This study introduces a 3D-printed radial-flow bioreactor designed for the decellularization of human iliac arteries with reduced detergent consumption. Arteries were perfused radially for 8 days using a 1% w·v⁻¹ sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, followed by deoxyribonuclease I treatment and phosphate-buffered saline washes. Decellularization efficacy was quantified by nuclear density using 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining, and residual DNA was measured by fluorometric quantification. The radial-flow bioreactor achieved approximately 97% nuclear reduction using 70 mL of detergent solution, compared to 250 mL required by a benchmark perfusion setup. Residual DNA content was reduced to 40 ± 5.2 ng·mg⁻¹, while collagen and elastin retention remained high. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) revealed a uniform wall shear stress distribution along the luminal surface (mean wall shear stress ≈ 0.97 Pa) and a minimal pressure drop (ΔP ≈ 116 Pa) under simulated conditions. These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for the observed performance and support further device optimization. Overall, the proposed radial-flow bioreactor provides a resource-efficient and experimentally validated approach for human iliac artery decellularization.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chondrogenic differentiation of human periosteum-derived cells in spheroids, HAMA hydrogels, and bioprinted constructs: Comparison of kartogenin and TGF-β1.","authors":"Ane Albillos Sanchez, Maria Paula Marks, Martyna Nikody, Elizabeth R Balmayor, Lorenzo Moroni, Carlos Mota","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6ae9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae6ae9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Kartogenin (KGN) is a small molecule reported to promote chondrogenesis and inhibit hypertrophic differentiation in mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), but its effect on human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) remains unexplored. This study investigated whether KGN can induce chondrogenic differentiation and prevent hypertrophy in hPDC spheroids, either alone or in combination with transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), when cultured in a microwell system or incorporated into methacrylated hyaluronic acid (HAMA)-based encapsulated or bioprinted constructs. Results showed that TGF-β1 consistently promoted cartilage matrix production, inducing deposition of collagen type II and aggrecan, and upregulating the expression of the early differentiation markers COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9, as well as the hypertrophic markers COL10A1 and MMP13. In contrast, KGN alone had no effect on spheroid morphology, matrix deposition, protein expression, or gene regulation. When combined with TGF-β1, HAMA-encapsulated spheroids showed enhanced chondrogenesis, as evidenced by stronger collagen fiber organization, increased glycosaminoglycan (GAG) deposition, and positive Safranin O staining, absent in material-free conditions. This effect likely reflects HAMA's supportive microenvironment, which facilitates matrix retention and cellular remodeling. However, the supplement of KGN did not provide any added benefit. These findings demonstrate the limited effect of KGN in hPDC-based cartilage tissue engineering (CTE) and highlight the importance of cell- and context-specific validation of small molecule modulators.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A tunable, biofabricated light-delivery platform for<i>in vitro</i>modeling of age-related macular degeneration using iPSC-derived RPE Cells.","authors":"Anwar A Palakkan, Gowthami Shankar, T P Vignesh, R Kim","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6498","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6498","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The lack of physiologically relevant and controllable experimental systems has limited mechanistic understanding of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and the development of effective therapeutic strategies. Here, we present a tunable<i>in vitro</i>retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) stress model that integrates engineered light delivery with lipid modulation to reproduce early AMD-like cellular pathology under standard culture conditions. Human RPE cells (ARPE-19 and iPSC-derived RPE) were exposed to precisely controlled, low-intensity light-induced oxidative stress in the presence of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), a highly unsaturated retinal lipid, or palmitic acid (PA) as a saturated lipid control. Cellular responses were assessed using functional and structural readouts including lysosomal and mitochondrial activity, membrane integrity, epithelial morphology, tight junction organization, and lipid peroxidation. A programmable LED-based exposure system enabled fine control over light intensity, duration, and cycling, allowing delivery of sub-lethal, chronic oxidative stress. Combined light and DHA exposure selectively induced lipid peroxidation, disruption of ZO-1-defined tight junctions, and progressive loss of RPE viability, while PA-treated cells and non-retinal HuH7 hepatocytes showed minimal sensitivity. ARPE-19 cells responded rapidly, whereas iPSC-derived RPE cells exhibited delayed but comparable pathological changes, reflecting differences in cellular maturity and stress resilience. Pharmacological inhibition of ferroptosis using ferrostatin-1 significantly reduced lipid peroxidation and rescued epithelial integrity and cell viability, identifying ferroptosis as a key mechanism underlying RPE vulnerability in this system. By enabling programmable and reproducible delivery of oxidative lipid stress, this modular light-based platform provides a biofabrication-compatible framework for modeling early AMD, with potential for integration into more complex retinal constructs, co-culture systems, and high-throughput therapeutic screening pipelines.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of hybrid exosomes-mediated targeted delivery system for sinomenine hydrochloride in rheumatoid arthritis therapy.","authors":"Ziwei Feng, Yue Zhang, Liang Yao, Ruoqing Li, Chen Gu, Liangliang Gu, Guihua Zou, Lijing Yu, Yunna Chen, Sheng Zhang, Lei Wang, Xiaojie Mi, Weidong Chen","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6383","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6383","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction, whose pathogenesis is closely associated with dysregulated macrophage polarization. Recent evidence highlights the inherent anti-inflammatory properties of exosomes derived from M2-macrophages (M2-Exo), positioning them as promising bioinspired vehicles for targeted delivery to inflammatory sites. Here, we present an innovative hybrid exosome system (SH@M2-Exo-Lip) for targeted RA therapy. This system was constructed via the fusion of sinomenine hydrochloride (SH)-loaded liposomes with M2-Exo, specifically designed to improve the drug loading capacity of exosomes and enhance the targeting efficacy of drug delivery systems. The results demonstrated that leveraging the innate targeting capability of M2-Exo, the SH@M2-Exo-Lip system achieved selective accumulation within inflamed joints in the collagen-induced arthritis model, enabling precise SH release at pathological sites, and significantly reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated arthritic symptoms. Furthermore, SH@M2-Exo-Lip efficiently scavenged the excess reactive oxygen species and modulated the critical cGAS-STING innate immune pathway, thereby synergistically promoting the polarization of M1 macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, effectively ameliorating the joint microenvironment. Consequently, our study presents an innovative engineered hybrid exosome platform that offers a novel therapeutic strategy for RA treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147790684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations and optimal design in scaffold materials: The key to vascularization in bone tissue engineering.","authors":"Yan He, Xiao Liu, Shicong Chen, Lanfang Du, Xun Yang, Leping Zhang, Zhikai Tan","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae6a57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-605X/ae6a57","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bone defects resulting from physiological or pathological processes are common in clinical practice, and bone grafting remains the primary treatment for large defects. However, grafting procedures are associated with relatively high recurrence risk and potential disease transmission. Moreover, scaffold materials widely used in bone tissue engineering often suffer from delayed vascularization, which significantly hampers the efficiency of bone regeneration. To address this challenge, numerous studies have focused on promoting the formation of functional vascular networks by optimizing scaffold design, utilizing advanced fabrication techniques such as 3D printing and electrospinning, and enabling controllable release of growth factors or therapeutic agents. This review systematically examines the selection of scaffold materials (including bioceramics, polymers and composite materials) and their influence on angiogenesis. It also explores the application of innovative fabrication methods in constructing biomimetic vascular structures to coordinate vascularization and osteogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that the angiogenic performance of scaffolds can be significantly enhanced through the ion-releasing properties and structural optimization of silicon-based materials, particularly when combined with advanced manufacturing technologies. The review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of multi-dimensional strategies and synergistic solutions for the effective treatment of complex bone defects in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147846784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}