Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)最新文献

{"title":"Synthesis, characterization and antiviral efficacy of valacyclovir loaded polymeric nanoparticles against wild-type herpes simplex virus type 2.","authors":"Oluwafemi Samuel Obisesan, Lesego Tshweu, Lindiwe Nkabinde-Thete, Bathabile Ramalapa, Mpho Phehello Ngoepe, Roux Saartjie, Hazel Tumelo Mufhandu","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/addf25","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/addf25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) remains a significant public health concern due to its high rates of mortality and morbidity. While various chemotherapeutic options exist for treating HSV-2, they are often inadequate as none provide a definitive cure, and there is a growing issue of drug-resistant strains. The introduction of nanomedicine for antiviral drug delivery offers a promising avenue to enhance the effectiveness of these treatments. This study explored an innovative approach to treating HSV-2 by encapsulating valacyclovir in biodegradable polycaprolactone (PCL) using a double emulsion technique. The formulated valacyclovir-loaded polymeric nanoparticles were characterized, revealing monodispersed particles with an average hydrodynamic size ranging from 154.9 ± 2.1 to 232.8 ± 6.2 nm, along with an encapsulation efficiency of 50%-66% and a drug loading capacity of 11.6%-13.9%. Additionally, there is no significant cytotoxicity of the test compounds to Vero cells at 0.3 mg ml^-1concentration with a cell viability within the range of 85 ± 13.6%-100 ± 4.8%. The antiviral activity of both the free drug (valacyclovir) and the valacyclovir-loaded polymeric nanoparticles was assessed in HSV-2 infected Vero cells. The results demonstrated that the valacyclovir-loaded nanoparticles exhibited a 1.2-1.3fold (<i>p</i>< 0.005) increase in antiviral efficacy compared to the free drug. This study thus presents a novel nanotechnology-based treatment approach for HSV-2, offering enhanced antiviral effectiveness over traditional treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144188566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation for the pro-angiogenic properties of eggshell-derived nanoparticles.","authors":"Proma Nagchowdhury, Shagufta Haque, Urvi Patra, Swapnali Londhe, Rajkumar Banerjee, Chitta Ranjan Patra","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/add8d7","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/add8d7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Eggshells are regular domestic, agricultural waste, and the primary composition of eggshells is majorly of calcium, as well as trace amounts of magnesium and phosphorous. These two elements (calcium and magnesium) are also present in living organisms and play an important role in many biological processes (cell growth, muscle contraction, glycolysis, angiogenesis, and vasculogenesis). Considering their role in different biological processes, especially in angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature), we hypothesized the involvement of calcium and magnesium (present in eggshells) in the nanoform may induce angiogenesis. To this context, the present manuscript attempts to design calcium-rich nanoparticles derived from both unfertilized and fertilized eggshells (U-ES and F-ES), and investigate their pro-angiogenic properties. Both U-ES nanoparticles (U-ES-NP) and F-ES nanoparticles (F-ES-NP) were developed by the calcination of raw eggshells. These nanoparticles (U-ES-NP and F-ES-NP) are characterized using various analytical techniques. These nanoparticles exhibit pro-angiogenic properties, as validated by<i>in vitro</i>assays (cell proliferation assay, tube formation assay, etc),<i>ex vivo</i>(chick aorta assay) and<i>in vivo</i>(chick choriallantoic membrane assay) experiments. The hemolysis experiment (<i>ex vivo</i>) was performed by incubating mouse RBCs with nanoparticles, which further validates the biocompatibility of these nanomaterials. Taking these results altogether, the current study demonstrates pro-angiogenic properties of biocompatible ES-NP, that could be further utilized for the treatment of several diseases and other biomedical applications after proper biosafety evaluation.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of sea cucumber protein paste for mice's skin wound healing and its potential anti-inflammatory mechanism.","authors":"Xiaoyan Wang, Jinghe Sun, Ke Liu, Shuang Li, Jun Zhao, Jingfeng Yang","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/addcaa","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/addcaa","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural substances with anti-inflammatory activity have always been the priority for human injuries. This study aims to investigate the beneficial effects and mechanism of sea cucumber protein (SCP) on wound healing, through a BALB/c mouse model and lipopolysaccharides-induced RAW 264.7 cells. We identified the mice's serum cytokines and tissue section to find out how SCP paste works. The alteration of the nuclear factor-<i>κ</i>B (NF-<i>κ</i>B) pathway during the anti-inflammatory effect of SCP was also explored. The results showed that the wound healing rate in the SCP(H) group exceeded 90%, whereas it was 72.91% and 64.10% in the Control and negative control groups on day 14. New blood vessels and fibroblasts were generated in the wounds. Collagen expression increased by 13.89% and 15.12% respectively in the SCP(L) and SCP(H) groups compared with the Control group on day 14. Furthermore, SCP decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i>, interleukin (IL)-1<i>β</i>, IL-6) in mice's serum while up-regulating the level of anti-inflammatory factor (IL-10) during the healing process. Furthermore, SCP suppressed the NF-<i>κ</i>B pathway by decreasing protein levels of phosphorylated p65 and IKK<i>α</i>, and increasing protein levels of I<i>κ</i>B<i>α</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144132869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrogel-based delivery systems loaded with natural active compounds for endometrial injury repair: a review of recent advances.","authors":"Xiaoding Zhou, Qiong Yi, Liqun Yang","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/adde09","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/adde09","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This review highlights recent advancements in hydrogel-based delivery systems incorporating natural active compounds, particularly those derived from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), for the repair of endometrial injuries. The endometrium, known for its exceptional regenerative capacity, often requires targeted therapeutic interventions when damaged. Conventional treatment approaches frequently exhibit limited efficacy, prompting growing interest in TCM-based strategies due to their favourable safety profiles and multifaceted therapeutic potential. However, clinical translation of TCM compounds remains challenging due to issues such as poor solubility and bioavailability. Recent innovations in biodegradable polymeric hydrogels offer a promising solution, enabling controlled release of bioactive compounds and enhancing therapeutic efficacy through mechanisms such as inflammation modulation, promotion of angiogenesis, and facilitation of epithelial regeneration. This review delves into the design principles, fabrication techniques, and current applications of natural and synthetic hydrogels in endometrial repair. While preclinical findings are encouraging, significant challenges persist, including biocompatibility optimization, standardization of TCM formulations, and precise control of hydrogel degradation. Future research should focus on developing innovative materials, integrating smart responsive systems, advancing personalized treatment modalities, and conducting large-scale clinical trials. Progress in this field will depend on interdisciplinary collaboration across biomaterials science, pharmacy, TCM, and clinical medicine, paving the way for clinical adoption of these advanced therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144176069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexible polyurethane scaffolds with high biocompatibility for effective chondrogenic performance in cartilage tissue engineering.","authors":"Yi Chieh Chang, Yih-Lin Cheng, Wei-Chi Liu, Wen-Bin Zhong, Chung-Kan Tsao","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/add6f8","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/add6f8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cartilage tissue engineering offers a promising solution for addressing severe cartilage damage. To replicate native cartilage properties, scaffolds must exhibit both load-bearing capacity and the ability to regain their original shape. Balancing elasticity and hardness remains a challenge for biomaterials currently used in cartilage tissue engineering. Polyurethane, a Food and Drug Administration-approved elastomeric biomaterial, shows promise in meeting these requirements but shows limited support for cartilage-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation by chondrocytes. In this study, we employed 3D printing to fabricate multi-layered scaffolds using two modified polyurethane formulations: one combining aromatic polyurethane with cyclic trimethylolpropane formal acrylate to enhance mechanical strength and elasticity, and another incorporating hydroxyethyl methacrylate to improve biocompatibility. These scaffolds supported chondrocyte adhesion and redifferentiation, promoting significant cartilage ECM deposition and the formation of cartilage-like sheets, which not only exhibited cartilage ECM, but also had good elasticity and compressive resistance. These findings highlight the potential of these modified polyurethanes for cartilage tissue engineering and introduce a platform for scaffold-free implantation of engineered cartilage, which could accelerate future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144058370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A testicular microfluidic organ-on-a-chip for mimicking spermatogenic epithelium.","authors":"Yanqing Li, Haicheng Cheng, LinYan Lv, Yiren Liu, Yun Xie, Jun Chen, Xiaoyan Liang, Chunhua Deng, Xuenong Zou, Jianhua Zhou, Guihua Liu","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/add9db","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/add9db","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The testicular spermatogenic epithelium, the fundamental functional unit of spermatogenesis, comprises Sertoli cells and a sequence of spermatogenic cells, with the Leydig cells (LCs) playing a pivotal supporting role in sperm development. In this study, we developed a microfluidic testicular organ-on-a-chip (OoC) composed of spermatogonial stem cells, Sertoli cells, and LCs. After 28 d of culture, the testicular OoC demonstrated the formation of a spermatogenic epithelial structure, with observed proliferation and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. Both Sertoli and LCs were noted to perform their fundamental cellular functions and engage in intercellular communication. Applying reproductive toxicity factors to testicular OoC reduced the proliferation of spermatogonia stem cell in the chip. This testicular OoC model revealed its potential for exploring physiological functions of the testicular spermatogenic epithelium and serving as a platform for pharmacological and toxicological screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the use of 3D modeling, reconstruction and printing techniques for the development of a total ossicular replacement prosthesis: a case study of cholesteatoma.","authors":"Manal Leouafi, Maryam El Menyari, Zineb Farahat, Nabila Zrira, Bahia El Abdi, Ibtissam Benmiloud, Nabil Ngote","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/adce68","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/adce68","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The middle ear, which lies between the external auditory canal and the inner ear (cochlea), comprises the tympanic membrane, the ossicular chain (i.e. malleus, incus, and stapes), as well as the associated muscles, ligaments, and the middle ear cavity. Its primary function is to transmit vibratory energy (sound pressure) from the air to the cochlear fluids via the ossicular chain. This part of the ear can be damaged by cholesteatoma, which can affect all three ossicles, necessitating ossiculoplasty to restore sound transmission. Ossiculoplasty is the preferred intervention for restoring the mechanism of sound transmission in patients with ossicular deformities. However, the complexity and extended duration of the surgery can significantly impact the patient's quality of life. To address these challenges, our work employs 3D printing technology for the reconstruction of the patient's ear ossicles. This involves detailed 3D modeling and reconstruction of the ear ossicles to obtain precise measurements and visualize the unique anatomical structure of each patient. The model presented in this study is a prototype designed to validate the form and dimensions of a total ossicular replacement prosthesis. Our radiologists and traumatologists reviewed both the form and dimensions and deemed them realistic, ensuring they aligned with clinical requirements. It is important that medical devices, especially those designed for long-term implantation, must undergo strict regulatory testing, which can take several years. Standards such as International Organization for Standardization 13485, 14971, and 5832 require thorough validation to ensure safety, effectiveness, and quality. While this prototype represents an important step, further testing, and regulatory approval will be necessary before it can be used in clinical settings. By leveraging advanced materials and precise 3D printing techniques, these custom-made prostheses simplify the surgical procedure and enhance patient outcomes by providing tailored solutions that meet specific anatomical and functional needs. This innovative approach represents a significant advancement in treating ossicular deformities, ensuring both efficacy and improved patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual drug-loaded self-wearable electrospun nanofibers for synergistic pharmacological intervention through tertiary hemostasis in prehospital trauma care.","authors":"Pranabesh Kumar Sasmal, Shalini Dasgupta, Sujankrishna Samanta, Samsamul Hoque, Kolimi Prashanth Reddy, Samit Kumar Nandi, Abhijit Chanda, Pallab Datta","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/addbb6","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/addbb6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncontrolled bleeding is a critical concern in both wartime and civilian trauma emergencies. Current mechanical hemostatic patches do not always suffice to control bleeding while also not addressing rebleeding, which is often observed during patient transportation. The unmet clinical need has led to exploration of drug-loaded hemostat dressings, providing mechanical hemostasis as well as drug delivery at the bleeding site to stabilize the clots. In the present study, hemostatic nanofiber patches of poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan/tranexamic acid-ethamsylate (PVA/CS/TXA-E) were prepared by taking a combination of chitosan, PVA, with two different hemostatic drugs, namely TXA, and ethamsylate to exert a synergistic pharmacological augmentation of hemostat performance of the nanofibers. The PVA/CS/TXA-E nanofiber patches comprised fiber strands with a 400 nm average diameter and showed a swelling ratio of 459%. The nanofiber possessed intermittent hydrophilicity (water contact angle 32). Drug release through the nanofiber followed a non-Fickian diffusion model. Dual-drug loaded nanofibers showed a decrease in the clotting time by 24%, while activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and platelet recalcination time decreased by 6%, 20% & 15% over the single-drug loaded nanofibers. Cytocompatibility (80% and above) and hemocompatibility (less than 8%) of the patches were established. The hemorrhage control capacity was studied<i>in vitro</i>and ex vivo on rabbit skin.<i>In vivo</i>results corroborated the hemostat performance and evidence of the presence of granularity indicative of wound healing progression. Our results suggest PVA/CS/TXA-E potential as an effective hemostatic nanofiber with biocompatibility for managing hemorrhage and facilitating wound healing post-surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144120152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Folic acid-encapsulated silver nitroprusside nanoparticles for targeted therapy in ovarian cancer.","authors":"Arti Patel, Swapnali Londhe, Sanchita Tripathy, Proma Nagchowdhury, Chitta Ranjan Patra","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/add2b9","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/add2b9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ovarian cancer is the most prevalent fatal, gynecological malignancy in women, resulting in poor survival rate (fifth in cancer deaths) due to its asymptomatic nature. Unmet medical challenges for ovarian cancer are associated with several constraints such as poor bioavailability, nonspecificity, and toxicity-related issues. Targeted drug delivery systems may overcome the existing limitations. Utilizing the concept of overexpression of folate receptors (FRs) in ovarian carcinoma, we have designed FRs-targeted drug delivery systems (AgNNPs-FA) by combining silver nitroprusside nanoparticles (AgNNPs) because of their inherent anticancer properties, as established by our group, and folic acid (FA) as targeting agent that attack FRs in this study. Initially, both AgNNPs and AgNNPs-FA were designed and later characterized using several analytical tools such as dynamic light scattering, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, high-performance liquid chromatography, and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, etc. The<i>in vitro</i>cell viability assay in a Chinese hamster ovary cell line suggests the biocompatible nature of AgNNPs-FA. The targeted anticancer activity of the AgNNPs-FA is established in human ovarian adenocarcinoma (SK-OV-3) via several<i>in vitro</i>assays and compared with AgNNPs. All<i>in vitro</i>assays (cell viability assay, thymidine incorporation assay, scratch assay, cell cycle, apoptosis assay, and tunnel assay) in SK-OV-3 and<i>in vivo</i>experiments (chorioallantoic membrane assay) in fertilized eggs with AgNNPs-FA exhibit more anticancer activity in a targeted fashion than AgNNPs. The plausible mechanisms behind the anticancer activity of the nanoparticles were demonstrated using the ROS assay (DCFDA and DHE staining), JC-1 staining, immunocytochemistry staining (Ki-67), and Western blot analysis. The results altogether support the idea that this targeted drug delivery system could be used as an alternative treatment strategy for ovarian cancer and other cancers with the overexpression of FRs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143999111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Xanthan gum-based protocatechuic acid grafted carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel with injectable, spraying, self-healing, and enhanced antioxidant properties.","authors":"Jiaxue Tang, Chuzhou Wen, Shengnan Zheng, Changkai Sun, Fengtao Wang, Shui Guan","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/addb1d","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/addb1d","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Overcoming the limitations of conventional antioxidants in treating oxidative stress-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) remains a critical challenge, thus more effective antioxidant strategies need to be studied urgently. To address this, we developed a novel pH-responsive drug-delivery hydrogel, PCA-g-CMCS/OXG, by grafting protocatechuic acid (PCA) onto carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) via amide bonds and blending it with oxidized xanthan gum (OXG) to form dynamic imine bonds. The conjugate PCA-g-CMCS achieved an unprecedented grafting efficiency of 785.3 mg g^-1through optimized reactant ratios, pH, and reaction time. And the multifunctional hydrogel PCA-g-CMCS/OXG offers three key advantages: (1) rapid tunable gelation time (10-110 s) and robust mechanical/rheological properties enabling injectable and sprayable applications; (2) self-healing capability and sustained pH-responsive PCA release over 15 d, ensuring long-term therapeutic efficacy; and (3) superior cytoprotection, as the hydrogel exhibited excellent biocompatibility with SH-SY5Y neuronal cells and significantly increased cell viability to 76.60% from H₂O₂-induced oxidative damage (vs. 48.61% for control,<i>p</i>< 0.01). Therefore, the smart Schiff's base hydrogel is a drug loaded material with great clinical application prospect for the treatment of NDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144112850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}