Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)最新文献

{"title":"A 3D-bioprinted head and neck cancer model for drug screening.","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan, Xuan Mei, Ling Cai, Carlos Ezio Garciamendez-Mijares, Sushila Maharjan, Junmin Lee, Yu Shrike Zhang","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae8069","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae8069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of effective treatment strategies against head and neck cancer (HNC) poses a significant challenge due to the heterogeneity of HNC and the limitations of traditional two-dimensional (2D)<i>in vitro</i>cell cultures. Consequently, there is an urgent need for more advanced HNC models that allow for reliable drug screening. The recent advances in tissue engineering, including the use of digital light processing-based three-dimensional (3D) bioprinters, have enabled the precise fabrication of complex constructs that mimic native tissue environments, exhibiting potential for use in disease modeling and drug discovery. Here, we fabricated a bioprinted<i>in vitro</i>HNC model using the gelatin methacryloyl bioink encapsulating FaDu cells to analyze the drug screening against HNC. The bioprinted tissues showed gradually increased cell viability as well as stable morphology and phenotype expression. The cytotoxicity analyses suggested increased resistance to anti-cancer drugs for cells in 3D-bioprinted tissues than those cultured in 2D, possibly due to the presence of native cell-cell interactions and diffusion barriers. The engineered exosomes with anti-cancer drugs also revealed significantly increased resistance in cells cultured in 3D than in 2D. This study provides a proof-of-concept bioprinted HNC model mimicking some of the native functional and structural components, having the potential for screening novel anti-HNC treatments and paving the way for personalized therapeutic strategies for HNC patients in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emulsion-based synthesis of polycaprolactone/bioactive glass 45S5 microparticles for bone regeneration applications.","authors":"Mantas Liudvinaitis, Dinas Tverijonas, Ieva Šimoliūnė, Milda Alksnė, Aleksej Žarkov, Povilas Daugėla, Mindaugas Pranskūnas, Egidijus Šimoliūnas","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae834e","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae834e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polycaprolactone (PCL) and bioactive glass 45S5 (BG) are widely employed within bone tissue engineering due to their mutually complementary properties: PCL contributes structural integrity and biodegradability, whereas BG imparts osteoinductive properties to the composite. While patient-specific bulk scaffolds can restore structural defects, their fabrication requires individualized imaging, design, and manufacturing, increasing both time and cost. Hydrogels offer better conformity to irregular geometries but often lack sufficient mechanical stability and usually degrade rapidly. Microparticle-based systems represent a shape-adaptive alternative that can conform to complex defect geometries without customization, while maintaining structural integrity. In this study, PCL/BG microparticles (MPs) were fabricated using the emulsion solvent evaporation method and evaluated<i>in vitro</i>. The microparticles supported adhesion and spreading, maintaining cell-cell and cell-particle interactions for over a month. Periosteum mesenchymal stem cells cultured on the MPs were responsive to adipogenic and osteogenic induction, as evidenced by increased expression of lineage-specific genes under both conditions. Overall, these findings suggest that PCL/BG microparticles are biocompatible and capable of guiding stem cell differentiation, supporting their potential use in bone regeneration strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148341234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-lubricating anticoagulant surface (SLACS) mimicking heart valve tissue for improving biocompatibility of artificial blood pumps.","authors":"Shiyu Cui, Yaoyao Chen, Jun Zhong, Xuefeng Zhang, Wei Wang, Yuhua Ren, Xiaodan Gou, Yang Cheng, Qing Yang, Feng Chen, Ying He, Lihong Fan","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7e2f","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7e2f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) represents the most advanced modalit<u>y</u>of extracorporeal life support. The centrifugal pump head, a key component in direct contact with blood, demands excellent blood compatibility to ensure optimal performance. To address this requirement, a self-lubricating anticoagulant surface (SLACS) was fabricated on a roughened stainless steel substrate through physical adhesion and chemical bonding using a dimethylsiloxane gel (S-PDMS). In the blood slidin<u>g</u>experiment, blood remained on 316 l stainless steel for 6 s but slid off the SLACS in just 0.64 s, demonstrating exceptional resistance to blood adhesion and superior blood compatibility. Applying SLACS to the ECMO centrifugal pump head significantly enhanced its anticoagulant and antibacterial properties, while also exhibiting excellent safety, stability and durability. The feasibility of SLACS as a novel coating was validated through static tests, computational simulations and dynamic experiments, offering a promising solution for improving the safety of ECMO therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148266493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D-printed<i>β</i>-TCP scaffolds coated with palmarosa essential oil: antibacterial and cytotoxicity studies.","authors":"Veronica Ribeiro Dos Santos Borges, Márcia Cristina Bezerra Melo, Lilian de Siqueira, Lucas Barbosa, Marcela Arango-Ospina, Dachamir Hotza, Aldo Roberto Boccaccini, Eliandra de Sousa Trichês","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae792a","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae792a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of natural antibacterial agents in bone tissue engineering has gained attention as an alternative to conventional antibiotics, particularly in response to the growing challenge of bacterial resistance. In this study,<i>β</i>-tricalcium phosphate (<i>β</i>-TCP) scaffolds were fabricated via direct ink writing and coated with palmarosa essential oil (PEO), which was extracted from the medicinal plant<i>Cymbopogon martinii</i>, known for its high geraniol content and antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and antioxidant properties. The scaffolds were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and<i>in vitro</i>biological assays. SEM images confirmed the structural fidelity and porous architecture of the scaffolds, while FTIR spectra indicated the presence of PEO-associated functional groups. Dissolution studies revealed a marked release within the first 24 h, and kinetic fitting indicated that the release profile was best described by a first-order model. Antibacterial tests demonstrated effective inhibition against<i>S. aureus</i>and<i>Escherichia coli</i>, and cell viability assays using MG-63 cells indicated good cytocompatibility. The novelty of this work lies in coating 3D-printed<i>β</i>-TCP scaffolds with PEO, a combination not previously reported, offering a sustainable, antibiotic-free strategy for localized antibacterial activity. These findings highlight the potential of PEO-coated<i>β</i>-TCP scaffolds as multifunctional biomaterials for infection-prone bone repair applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A mechanically interlocked bilayered small-diameter vascular graft with silma-pva hydrogel and biaxially expanded polytetrafluoroethylene for promoting cytocompatibility.","authors":"Changlong Deng, Shujie Yan, Xiaofeng Wang, Xiaomeng Li, Qian Li","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7dab","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7dab","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conventional PTFE tubes only expand axially and exhibit low radial strength and poor elasticity, which limits their clinical translation in small-diameter vascular grafts. In this study, biaxial stretching was employed to endow the ePTFE tubes with node-fibril microstructure, thereby enhancing both flexibility and circumferential strength. A novel bilayer small-diameter vascular graft, consisting of an outer ePTFE layer and an inner functional SilMA-PVA hydrogel layer, was successfully fabricated. The outer PTFE material exhibited better flexibility and a higher porosity through biaxial expansion. The inner SilMA-PVA hydrogel was prepared by mixing methacrylated silk fibroin (SilMA) with PVA solution, followed by UV-induced photocrosslinking. This design leveraged biaxially expanded PTFE to deliver superior mechanical support, while the SilMA-PVA hydrogel endowed the luminal surface with excellent biocompatibility and promoted the adhesion and proliferation of endothelial cells. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed a tightly integrated interface arising from the physical interlocking of hydrogel with the porous ePTFE structure. Additionally, the incorporation of PVA into the SilMA hydrogel was found to form a dense, interconnected porous network that supports cellular adhesion and growth while preserving a biocompatible surface. This composite structure enhanced bonding with the outer ePTFE layer, and mechanical testing verified that the biaxial expansion process substantially improved the mechanical properties of the ePTFE graft. In summary, this synergistic combination makes it a promising candidate for small-diameter vascular substitution.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protoporphyrin IX-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for dual-wavelength photodynamic therapy of melanoma.","authors":"Yang Sheng, Kangyao Zhao, Peng Zhang, Yixin Sun, Rong Zhang, Yafei Wang, Xiaojun Wang","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7929","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipid nanoparticles have emerged as promising nanocarriers for improving the delivery of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic photosensitizers and enhancing therapeutic efficacy in photodynamic therapy (PDT). In this study, a biocompatible PDT agent was developed by encapsulating the hydrophobic photosensitizer protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) into solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and cholesterol using a thin-film hydration and ultrasonication method. The resulting PPIX-loaded SLN (PPIX@SLN) exhibited a uniform hydrodynamic size of approximately 100 nm, good colloidal stability, and efficient drug encapsulation. Optical characterization confirmed that the photophysical properties of PPIX were well preserved after encapsulation. Under 420 nm LED irradiation, the PPIX@SLN generated singlet oxygen (¹O₂) with a quantum yield of 6%.<i>In vitro</i>studies under dark condition revealed enhanced cellular uptake and minimal cytotoxicity in contrast to previously reported PPIX-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (PPIX@NLC). Upon irradiation at 420 nm-630 nm, PPIX@SLN induced strong phototoxicity, as verified by both live/dead staining and cytotoxicity assay. The IC₅₀values under 420 nm light were as low as 2.19 μg ml^-1for A2058 cells and 1.58 μg ml^-1for B16F10 cells, while the values under 630 nm light were calculated to be 10.12 μg ml^-1and 9.28 μg ml^-1, respectively, demonstrating potent photodynamic activity across multiple melanoma cell lines. These results highlight the excellent biocompatibility and enhanced PDT performance of PPIX@SLN, suggesting its promising potential as a translatable nanomedicine for broad-spectrum anticancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boosting the mechanical and biological performance of decellularized plant-derived scaffolds via alkali-mediated mercerization.","authors":"Sezin Aliye Bozdoğan, Merve Ünal, Serkan Dikici","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7dac","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7dac","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tissue engineering aims to develop functional biomimetic constructs to restore, maintain, or replace damaged tissues. Recently, decellularized plant-based scaffolds have emerged as sustainable, cost-effective, and ethically favorable alternatives to animal-derived matrices due to their preserved three-dimensional architecture. Despite their many advantages, the clinical translation of plant-derived scaffolds remains limited by two major challenges: insufficient mechanical strength and poor cell-material interactions. Here, we introduce alkali-mediated mercerization as a simple, one-step post-decellularization modification strategy to simultaneously enhance the mechanical properties and cellular response of plant-derived scaffolds. First, spinach leaves were chemically decellularized and subsequently subjected to sodium hydroxide treatments with varying concentrations and exposure durations. The effects of mercerization were then evaluated through morphological, chemical, structural, physicochemical, mechanical, and biological characterizations. Mercerization was supported by evidence of cellulose structural and crystalline reorganization, along with morphological densification of the fibrillar network. These modifications resulted in a pronounced enhancement in surface hydrophilicity, with water contact angles decreasing to 0° within seconds, indicating rapid surface hydration. The physicochemical improvements translated into substantial mechanical reinforcement. The ultimate tensile strength increased from 0.62 ± 0.06 MPa in untreated scaffolds to 3.11 ± 0.20 MPa in mercerized scaffolds (∼5-fold increase), while the elastic modulus increased from 38.53 ± 17.73 MPa to 110.00 ± 37.20 MPa (∼3-fold increase), demonstrating significantly improved stiffness and load-bearing capacity. Finally, biological evaluations showed that all alkali-treated scaffolds were non-cytotoxic. Importantly, mercerized scaffolds supported a more favorable cellular response, as indicated by up to a 3.0-fold increase in metabolic activity after 7 d compared to untreated spinach controls, together with improved cellular coverage. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive and quantitative demonstration that alkali-mediated mercerization enables simultaneous mechanical strengthening and improved cellular response in plant-derived scaffolds through a simple, cost-effective, and sustainable post-processing modification strategy, highlighting its translational potential for tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifunctional BBR/PVA@PLGA coaxial electrospun membranes with osteogenic, angiogenic and barrier activities for potential bone regeneration.","authors":"Ling Guo, Zonghao Hu, Long Yang, Haotian Bai, Wenpai Zhang, Lihua Yin","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7789","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7789","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Maxillofacial bone defects present a significant clinical challenge. Although guided bone regeneration (GBR) is widely employed, the therapeutic efficacy of conventional barrier membranes remains limited due to their lack of multifunctional bioactivity. To address this, a novel coaxial electrospun barrier membrane was fabricated, featuring a berberine hydrochloride (BBR)-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) core and a poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) shell (denoted as BBR/PVA@PLGA). The membrane exhibited a well-defined nanostructure, suitable hydrophilicity, controllable degradation, favorable mechanical properties, and sustained drug release.<i>In vitro</i>studies confirmed its excellent cytocompatibility with MC3T3-E1, human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and L929 cells and its ability to promote cell migration. Functionally, the membrane significantly enhanced osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in pre-osteoblasts, accompanied by the upregulation of osteogenic gene expression. It also promoted angiogenic activity in endothelial cells, supported by increased expression of pro-angiogenic genes and improved tube formation. Moreover, the membrane served as an effective physical barrier, preventing cellular infiltration. In summary, this multifunctional BBR/PVA@PLGA coaxial electrospun membrane concurrently supports osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and barrier functions<i>in vitro</i>, demonstrating promising potential as a candidate biomaterial for future application in maxillofacial bone defect regeneration.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148159317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanistic study on hyaluronic acid polysiloxane gel promoting wound repair guided by wet healing theory.","authors":"Weichang Shen, Chen Cao, Zhihan Zhu, Huafeng Zhang, Jing Hu, Lin Zhang, Lingqiao Li","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7944","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7944","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As a vital barrier organ of the human body, skin wound repair faces clinical challenges such as slow healing, scar hyperplasia, and infection. Although the wet healing theory has confirmed that a moist environment can enhance epidermal cell migration and reduce infection rates, the action mechanism of composite functional dressings still lacks systematic analysis. This study focuses on hyaluronic acid (HA) polysiloxane gel, exploring its action pathway in full-thickness wound repair through a 'molecule-cell-tissue' three-level system. By using material-skin interaction data simulation,<i>in vitro</i>cell scratch assays, and SD rat full-thickness wound models, combined with HE staining, Masson staining, and RT-qPCR techniques, it was found that hyaluronic acid polysiloxane gel combines the anti-inflammatory regulation function of hyaluronic acid with the microenvironment maintenance function of polysiloxane gel. This significantly promotes fibroblast migration, enhances the expression of collagen-encoding genes Col 1a1 and Col 3a1, and accelerates wound healing. Experimental results from the rat full-thickness skin defect model showed that the wound healing rate in the hyaluronic acid polysiloxane gel treatment group exceeded 70% within 9 d, with smooth new epidermis, significantly reduced inflammatory cells, and a notably higher collagen density compared to the dry dressing group. This study innovatively constructs a framework for the action mechanism of composite dressings guided by the wet healing theory, confirming that hyaluronic acid polysiloxane gel accelerates wound repair through the synergistic effect of inflammatory regulation and microenvironment maintenance. It provides a theoretical basis for the research and development of the new generation of functional dressings and enriches the molecular mechanism connotation of the wet healing theory.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148177321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of biomaterials analysis to the study of extractables from neonatal central venous catheters.","authors":"Yoann Le Basle, Valérie Sautou, Sabine Sarraute, Christelle Blavignac, Philip Chennell, Bénédicte Mailhot-Jensen","doi":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7523","DOIUrl":"10.1088/1748-605X/ae7523","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of extractable chemicals is used to evaluate whether a medical device contains harmful substances susceptible to migrate and contaminate the patients they are used in. The analysis of the biomaterial itself after extraction is often left aside. The aim of this study is to characterise and investigate whether any changes occur during the extraction process. Two biomaterials (thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and silicone from intravenous catheters) were studied after extraction, using acetone and hexane. To study the surface, we used scanning electron microscopy (morphological aspect), energy dispersive spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (atomic composition), infrared spectroscopy (molecular composition). Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry were used for in-depth characterisation. It was found that the extreme surface consisted of the polymer and external contaminants or organic products that had migrated from the core to the surface. Analysis of TPU showed that acetone was a suitable swelling agent. No significant change in the material was observed after hexane maceration. For silicone, the situation was reversed. We concluded that the solvents used were well suited for an extractables study of these two materials, and gained understanding of the phenomena that could lead to leaching during their medical use.</p>","PeriodicalId":72389,"journal":{"name":"Biomedical materials (Bristol, England)","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148058598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}