Annals of 3D printed medicine最新文献

{"title":"3D printed aneurysm training before treatment: A case control retrospective study","authors":"Mishel Manashirov ,&nbsp;Ran Brauner ,&nbsp;Yarden Mor ,&nbsp;Guy Raphaeli ,&nbsp;Sagi Harnof ,&nbsp;Alain Perlow ,&nbsp;Eitan Auriel ,&nbsp;Michael Findler","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intracranial aneurysms are abnormal dilatations of arteries in the brain, often necessitating intricate endovascular interventions. Preoperative planning using 3D-printed models can enhance the understanding of complex aneurysm anatomy and improve treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the impact of patient-specific 3D-printed aneurysm models on procedural planning, treatment efficacy, and clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated for non-ruptured intracranial aneurysms at our institution between 2021 and 2023. Nine patients underwent preoperative simulation using 3D-printed models, while 32 patients received standard care without simulation. The vascular models were created using 3D Slicer for segmentation and Meshmixer for model refinement. The simulations were performed on a biplane Allura system. Data on demographics, aneurysm characteristics, hospitalization duration, procedure times, treatment changes, and unused materials were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical significance was assessed with independent one-tail <em>t</em>-tests, with a p-value &lt; 0.05 considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The experimental group (nine patients) showed a trend towards reduced procedure times compared to the control group (126 ± 48 mins vs. 142 ± 68 mins, <em>p</em> = 0.253). There was no significant difference in mean hospitalization days between the groups (4 ± 0.9 days vs. 4 ± 1.7 days, <em>p</em> = 0.502). Interestingly, the treatment strategy was altered in four cases based on 3D simulation insights. The 3D simulation group also experienced fewer procedural complications (22.2 % vs. 31.2 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>simulation using 3D-printed models shows potential in enhancing procedural planning and reducing complication rates in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. While the study did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in procedure time and hospitalization days, the observed trends and changes in treatment strategies suggest that 3D printing technology can provide valuable insights for neurointerventionists. Further research with larger sample sizes and prospective designs is warranted to validate these findings and establish standardized protocols for integrating 3D printing into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical characterization of low-cost 3D FDM printed scaffolds fabricated with synthesized PLA/HA bio-composite filament","authors":"Mynmayh Khamvongsa ,&nbsp;Kent Milton ,&nbsp;Tanvir R. Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bone tissue engineering has gained popularity as a potential alternative in bone defect treatment, where the synthetic graft can be generated by a 3D biomaterial framework (scaffold) that yields shape and initial mechanical strength to facilitate cell bone formation. Biopolymer-based, Poly Lactic Acid (PLA)/Hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds were found to have a similar structure, composition, and mechanical properties as natural bone. The objective of this work was to fabricate 3D scaffolds with PLA and HA using a low-cost fabrication process such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), which can be used to construct scaffolds tailored to an individual's specific need in a controlled and customizable process. The study primarily focuses on the synthesis, and mechanical and morphological characterization of PLA/HA filament and its scaffolds. The fabricated 3D printed PLA/HA scaffolds had an interconnected and highly porous structure, resembling natural bone porosity. The addition of HA had a significant effect on the PLA/HA composites although there are no notable differences in mechanical properties between 10–15 % PLA/HA composites. The microstructural morphology of the PLA and PLA/HA composite filaments observed under Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed a relatively well mixed and homogenous mixture and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) testing of the filaments’ surface topography further showed a mostly homogeneous presence of HA throughout. The 3D printed scaffolds showed a larger pore size due to the inclusion of HA. Additionally, with the increased percentage of HA, the pores became more uneven and irregular. The preliminary results of this study show a promising potential for personalized scaffold design for bone tissue regeneration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143387340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-resin 3D printing of radiopaque customized artificial tooth for revolutionizing preclinical training on root canal treatment","authors":"Yi-Ching Ho ,&nbsp;Wan-Rong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yulius Shan Romario ,&nbsp;Chinmai Bhat ,&nbsp;Maziar Ramezani ,&nbsp;Cho-Pei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to 3D print customized dental models using a multi-material 3D printer that can mimic natural human teeth. The model consists of a detailed tooth with adequate radiopacity and pulp cavity which will be used for preclinical endodontic training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A radiopaque resin with varying barium sulfate (BaSO₄) ratios was synthesized to optimize printability and radiopacity. The artificial tooth with a pulp cavity was created from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) data and printed using a multi-resin 3D printer, employing clinical A2 resin (AA-Temp) for the tooth body and soft red resin for the pulp. Periapical radiography evaluated the radiopacity, and the effect of BaSO₄ on resin viscosity and hardness was measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experimental results show that adding a 10% weight ratio of BaSO₄ in A2 resin can obtain the highest radiopacity of the printed tooth. Furthermore, the study successfully fabricated incisor and molar tooth models for preclinical endodontic training which closely matched the natural human tooth in terms of appearance, size, and shape.</div></div><div><h3>Originality and significance</h3><div>The multi-material 3D printing technology that is capable of fabricating hard and soft parts of the tooth is self-developed. Furthermore, two training models were successfully framed for students to get hands-on experience in root canal treatment of incisor and molar teeth. The enhanced confidence gained by training on the 3D-printed tooth that closely matches the characteristics of a natural human tooth would increase the clinical success rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluminous fronto-parietal osteomas: Guided resection with patient-specific cutting guides and reconstruction with a 3D printed hydroxyapatite implant","authors":"Lucille de Bengy-Puyvallée ,&nbsp;David Poisbleau ,&nbsp;Francois Herman ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Cobraiville ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Giot ,&nbsp;Loric Galmard","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteomas are benign, well-differentiated bony tumors characterized by gradual progression, commonly observed within the craniofacial skeleton. This case report aims at describing the successful surgical treatment of giant frontal osteomas thanks to additive manufacturing technologies. The osteomas were located on the external table of the parietal and frontal bones with complete invasion of the anterior wall of the right frontal sinus. Resection was performed with the help of three 3D printed surgical cutting guides to prevent damaging the inter-sinus septum, the right orbital roof and the posterior wall of the frontal sinus. Anterior frontal sinus wall was reconstructed with a 3D printed hydroxyapatite patient-specific implant called MyBone Custom Implant (MBCI). The 3D planning and accuracy of the additive manufacturing tools enabled to obtain good bone contacts. Ossification of the edges of the MBCI is visible on the six-month postoperative scans. The outcome of this reconstruction proved highly satisfactory both in terms of aesthetic results as well as restoring the bone integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A bibliometric analysis of publications in 3D printing in surgery from the web of science database","authors":"Bitesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Anjan Kumar Dhua ,&nbsp;Mohit Garg ,&nbsp;Vishesh Jain ,&nbsp;Devendra Kumar Yadav ,&nbsp;Prabudh Goel ,&nbsp;Sachit Anand ,&nbsp;Divya Jain","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100188","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100188","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology, introduced by Charles Hull in 1986, has revolutionized prototyping and is increasingly applied in medical fields such as orthopedics, neurosurgery, and cardiac surgery. The technology offers numerous benefits, including reduced surgical complications, cost-effectiveness, and customization of medical devices. This study provides a bibliometric analysis of 3D printing in surgery, highlighting trends, influential countries, and key research contributors.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to analyze the publication landscape of 3D printing in surgery, focusing on key metrics such as annual citation rates, growth trends, citation per year, total citations, source journals, author details, country-wise production, and institutional contributions. The study also aims to explore collaborative patterns at the author, institutional, and country levels and identify core research areas through keyword co-occurrence analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and Methods</h3><div>Data were collected from the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection on August 13, 2023, including documents published from 2001 to 2022. A total of 3,230 documents were identified and analyzed using VOSviewer and the Bibliometrix R-package. Inclusion criteria encompassed English-language documents related to 3D printing in surgery, while documents published after December 2022 were excluded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The analysis revealed a significant annual growth rate of 20.08 % in publications related to 3D printing in surgery, with peak years being 2022, 2021, and 2020. China and the USA dominate the research output, accounting for approximately 50 % of global publications. Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Sichuan University are leading institutions. Collaborative patterns show strong author linkages and international cooperation, particularly between the USA, China, and England. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified \"reconstruction,\" \"accuracy,\" and \"additive manufacturing\" as core research areas.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This bibliometric analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the research landscape of 3D printing in surgery, emphasizing this technology's rapid growth and significant impact. The insights gained can guide future research, foster collaborations, and inform policy decisions to advance the field. Leading countries and institutions are crucial in driving scientific discoveries and translating research into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scalable direct manufacturing of a functional multipurpose wrist-hand orthosis using 3D printing","authors":"Dhruv Bose ,&nbsp;Shubham Gupta ,&nbsp;Arnab Chanda","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spinal cord injury (SCI) is one of the most debilitating injuries with no direct cure. Managing SCI thus becomes a critical task for caregivers and most importantly patients, whose lives are severely hindered both physically and psychologically. Injury at different parts of the spine corroborates to partial or complete motor loss at one or more parts of the body. The current paradigm of recuperative techniques aim at effective splinting coupled with a consistent rehabilitation regimen. This work focused on the development of a novel wrist-hand orthosis using 3D printing to aid patients inflicted by C5-C7 SCI which causes loss of motor function at the distal ends of the upper extremity. An optimized development framework was presented to achieve quick production times, scalability, ergonomics and minimal post processing activities to produce an ultra-low cost orthotic device (∼$2). The Print in Place (PIP) method was employed to diminish all post processing and assembly operations. A unique compliant wrist brace mechanism was introduced. The developed assistive device was assessed via Finite Element Analysis (FEA) prior to manufacturing and the same was verified experimentally, post-manufacturing. Overall, the developed device was found to successfully sustain the designed load requirements. It was anticipated that the use of the aforementioned methods and techniques could greatly enhance the scalability and affordability of 3D printed orthotic devices, especially in low and middle income countries where SCI cases are not only highly prevalent but also neglected, escalating the severity of injury.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national survey of conservative mallet finger injury care and the potential for 3D printing to impact current practice","authors":"Una M. Cronin ,&nbsp;Dr. Niamh M. Cummins ,&nbsp;Dr. Aidan O’ Sullivan ,&nbsp;Prof. Damien Ryan ,&nbsp;Prof. Leonard O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Custom orthoses provided by a skilled therapist are deemed the gold standard of care for the treatment of mallet injury, but traditional orthoses are still used. It is unclear to what extent custom orthoses versus traditional off the shelf variants are currently provided to treat mallet injury. The study aims to investigate current practice regarding the conservative treatment of mallet injury in Ireland. The study also aims to assess healthcare providers' awareness of and opinions to the use of 3D printing in healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Design/Methodology/ Approach</h3><div>This study was cross-sectional in design and used an online survey methodology. Healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of mallet injuries from both public and private settings were eligible for inclusion. Data collection involved convenience and snowball sampling with the survey being promoted by professional bodies, distributed at national meetings and circulated via social media. Data analysis took place in Excel and comprised descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In total 86 participants completed the survey including nurses (58 %), doctors (2 8 %), allied health professionals (9 %) and other healthcare professionals (5 %). Non personalised orthosis including the Stack splint were most frequently applied (58 %). Regarding 3D printing, 52 % of participants reported they were not aware of 3DP in healthcare. However, 80 % overall said they would be interested in using it in the future. The inference from this is that they have a positive attitude toward the use of 3D printing, considering they have a low knowledge of using it in this discipline.</div></div><div><h3>Originality/value</h3><div>This study provides an insight into healthcare professionals’ recent experiences of treating mallet injuries in the Irish healthcare system. There remains a lack of custom orthosis creation to treat mallet injury. The respondent's openness to using 3D printing technology is promising and suggests that in the future 3D printing of custom orthoses may have a role in the treatment of mallet injuries. However, custom care, and not just a custom orthosis, would provide patients with optimal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic osteotomies for correction of sagittal imbalance of the spine: An in-silico study comparing four different osteotomies","authors":"A.E.A. Ochtman ,&nbsp;M.J. Claessens ,&nbsp;F.C. Öner ,&nbsp;T.P.C. Schlösser ,&nbsp;K. Willemsen ,&nbsp;J. Magré ,&nbsp;H.C. Nguyen ,&nbsp;M.C. Kruyt","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-column spinal osteotomies are common to restore sagittal balance. However, these procedures are challenging. Pelvic osteotomies may be a feasible alternative, although instability and compromised correction are concerning, which dome-shaped osteotomies may mitigate. As a possible and novel alternative for spinal osteotomies, pelvic dome and open wedge osteotomies for correction of sagittal spine balance were compared.</div><div>Four in-silico pelvic osteotomies were performed on 3D CT-reconstructions: bilateral extending pelvic osteotomy (BEPO) and dome pelvic osteotomies (DPOs) around center of the sacral endplate (SE-DPO), sacroiliac joints (SI-DPO) and centers of the acetabula (A-DPO).</div><div>We measured pelvic extension and bone contact surface (BCS) after 10°, 15° and 20° extension and the length of the sacropelvic ligaments after 20° extension. In radiographs of five samples of failed back surgery, we measured the effect on sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and Th1 pelvic angle (TPA). Pelvic extension was similar for all types of osteotomy. After 20° extension, BCS was 34.1 % (SE-DPO), 28.2 % (SI-DPO) and 30.6 % (A-DPO). Average shortening of the spinopelvic ligaments was 2.3 % after the BEPO, 22.0 % after SE-SPO, 17.0 % after SI-DPO and 11.8 % after A-DPO. After 15° correction, SVA correction was 12.6 cm and TPA correction 5.8° after BEPO. After SE-DPO, the correction was 14.5 cm and 14.1°, after SI-DPO 13.4 cm and 13.0° and after A-DPO 12.6 cm and 0.0°.</div><div>A-DPO appeared to the most predictable and reliable pelvic osteotomy. However, this is technically demanding and shortens the pelvic floor ligaments. BEPO is less demanding with minimal effect on the ligaments, however it requires more complex stabilization methods. Feasibility and safety tests are required as a next step.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal 3D printing for orthopaedics: An experience after 500 cases","authors":"Shirong Huang,&nbsp;Muhammad Farhan Bin Mohd Fadil,&nbsp;Michael Gui Jie Yam","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>There has been a surge in the use of 3D printing in modern medicine due to the plethora of benefits that it brings - shorter operative times with reduced operating room costs, along with higher quality patient and medical student education. Despite its undeniable benefits, there remains challenges left unaddressed. How can a centre start and maintain an efficient 3D printing centre? In our paper, we aim to share our set of recommendations for optimal 3D printing in Orthopaedics, leveraging on our experience after more than 500 cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewing the literature of 3D printing of bones and cartilage: Evidence and practice","authors":"Arunkumar Subramanian ,&nbsp;Jaishree Mohanbabu ,&nbsp;Trisha Srinivasan ,&nbsp;Tamilanban T ,&nbsp;Vetriselvan Subramaniyan ,&nbsp;Manimaran V ,&nbsp;Mahendran Sekar ,&nbsp;Ling Shing Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cutting-edge innovations offer diverse opportunities in medicine; one such inductive approach is 3D bio-printing, in which cells and desired biomaterials cohesively synthesize living macro tissues. The rapidly increasing demand for reconstruction and restoration of highly intricate and responsive bone implants has encouraged bone tissue engineering to yield implants that substitute the native bone, both physically and biologically. As this technology is still in its infancy, different limitations can be encountered, such as the lack of in-depth characterization of scaffolds and limited visualization of a general framework, which can be overcome with further explorative studies. With computerized bio-fabrication, 3D printing aims to perfectly adapt implants, individually analyzing data at the level of cells, tissues, organs, and organic systems, ending this entire process under pre-bioprinting. The locus and susceptibility to bare load are primary considerations in selecting among widely available biomaterial options and printing techniques, including bio-ceramics, metals, bioinks, selective laser melting, directed energy deposition (laser or e-beam), and drop-on-powder printing. The addition of growth factors and mesenchymal stem cells allows the maintenance of the balance between osteoclasts and osteoblasts, the cartilage tissue formation, and contributes to the overall bone remodeling and regeneration processes. This review address and highlights relevant aspects on pre-bioprinting procedures, bio-materials selection, bio-printers, bone remodeling mechanism, and in-vivo responses of fibrin scaffold.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"16 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}