Annals of 3D printed medicine最新文献

{"title":"Affordable multicolor 3D printing solution for biomedical education in low- and middle-income countries","authors":"Dat Minh Lu ,&nbsp;Phong Van Dong ,&nbsp;Hien Bui Thu Hoang ,&nbsp;Dang Ngoc Tran ,&nbsp;Khiem Tran Dang ,&nbsp;Linh Thanh Duy Tran ,&nbsp;An Le Pham","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D printing for biomedical education in universities remains largely inaccessible in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to the high cost of commercial material jetting and powder bed fusion 3D printers. To address this barrier, we have developed an affordable multicolor fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer capable of producing biomedical models with intricate geometries. The key innovation of our printer is the novel integration of two distinct hybrid printhead configurations to enable simultaneous multicolor printing and water-soluble support material deposition. Positioned along the same X-axis, the first printhead employs a filament cutting, retracting, and purging mechanism to print in seven colors, while the second printhead is dedicated to printing water-soluble support material. The printer utilizes a hybrid CoreXY kinematic system and offers a 30 × 30 × 30 cm print volume. Its operations are controlled by two MKS Monster8 V2.0 boards and an MKS Pi V1.1 running Klipper firmware, with Orca Slicer software converting 3D model data into printer-readable instructions. Our printer successfully operated for up to 45 h, producing four detailed heart models (18 × 15 × 10 cm) and a multicolor DNA polymerase model from online databases and CT scan images. Support structures were removed by immersing the prints in warm water for 24 h, ensuring precise structural integrity for complex models. By combining multicolor printing with water-soluble support material, our cost-effective, frugal innovation allows the fabrication of intricate, vibrant biomedical models, making 3D printing more feasible for biomedical education and research in LMICs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual surgical planning for mandibular ramus distraction osteogenesis","authors":"Amir Sufian Ismail,&nbsp;Jonathan Rengarajoo,&nbsp;Lee Chee Wei,&nbsp;Md Arad Jelon,&nbsp;Nur Ikram Hanim,&nbsp;Muhammad Adzwin Yahya,&nbsp;Kok Tuck Choon","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Virtual surgical planning (VSP) is becoming a standard procedure in managing patient indicated for distraction osteogenesis as part of the surgical management. In general, the use of VSP is not part of the routine treatment protocol due to the high cost and steep learning curve associated with it. In this case report, we would like to share our experience in managing patients with hemi-micrognathia secondary to ankylosed temporomandibular joint via distraction osteogenesis. Preoperatively, the patient's Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine (DICOM) is used to create a stereoscopic simulation image. The ramus distractors were scanned to create a virtual ramus distractor. All this data is then appended into the software to decide on the osteotomy site as well as vector placement of the distractors virtually. This allows for virtual simulation of the proposed surgical plan. Once the osteotomy site and the vector for the ramus distractor has been finalised, a hybrid guide is created to aid in both osteotomy as well as identifying the vector for the distractor. Post-operatively, distraction devices were activated twice daily until distraction length was achieved followed by a consolidation period. VSP and hybrid guide allows surgeons to better understand the pitfalls of the case, simulate multiple possibilities virtually and also a as a good communication tool during patient consultation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Powder bed fusion 3D printing for drug delivery and healthcare applications","authors":"Suraj Kumar ,&nbsp;Rishabha Malviya ,&nbsp;Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar ,&nbsp;Tarun Wadhwa ,&nbsp;Umme Hani ,&nbsp;Sirajunisa Talath ,&nbsp;Musarrat Husain Warsi","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100200","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100200","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) is a 3D printing technique that uses powdered materials, fused through various ignition sources, to create complex structures. Over time, PBF has evolved into several methods, including selective laser sintering/melting, direct metal laser sintering, electron beam melting, and multi-jet fusion. These advancements offer benefits such as improved resolution, faster printing speeds, and the ability to produce intricate designs without the need for additional support structures. This review examines the distinct roles and potential applications of PBF in pharmacology and biomedicine, focusing on the mechanisms behind the technology and its impact on personalized drug-loaded formulations, medical devices, and implants. PBF's versatility makes it ideal for biomedical applications, where precision and customization are essential. Its high resolution and speed enable the fabrication of detailed, individualized items, driving advancements in drug delivery and implant design. However, challenges remain, such as material constraints and the requirement for specific environmental conditions, which can influence product quality. This review emphasizes the innovative applications of PBF in pharmacology and biology and highlights its transformative potential in personalized medicine. By overcoming current limitations, PBF technology could further contribute to the development of advanced biomedicine and personalized treatment solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D printed aneurysm training before treatment: A case control retrospective study","authors":"Mishel Manashirov ,&nbsp;Ran Brauner ,&nbsp;Yarden Mor ,&nbsp;Guy Raphaeli ,&nbsp;Sagi Harnof ,&nbsp;Alain Perlow ,&nbsp;Eitan Auriel ,&nbsp;Michael Findler","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100195","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100195","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intracranial aneurysms are abnormal dilatations of arteries in the brain, often necessitating intricate endovascular interventions. Preoperative planning using 3D-printed models can enhance the understanding of complex aneurysm anatomy and improve treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate the impact of patient-specific 3D-printed aneurysm models on procedural planning, treatment efficacy, and clinical outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated for non-ruptured intracranial aneurysms at our institution between 2021 and 2023. Nine patients underwent preoperative simulation using 3D-printed models, while 32 patients received standard care without simulation. The vascular models were created using 3D Slicer for segmentation and Meshmixer for model refinement. The simulations were performed on a biplane Allura system. Data on demographics, aneurysm characteristics, hospitalization duration, procedure times, treatment changes, and unused materials were collected and analyzed using SPSS software. Statistical significance was assessed with independent one-tail <em>t</em>-tests, with a p-value &lt; 0.05 considered significant.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The experimental group (nine patients) showed a trend towards reduced procedure times compared to the control group (126 ± 48 mins vs. 142 ± 68 mins, <em>p</em> = 0.253). There was no significant difference in mean hospitalization days between the groups (4 ± 0.9 days vs. 4 ± 1.7 days, <em>p</em> = 0.502). Interestingly, the treatment strategy was altered in four cases based on 3D simulation insights. The 3D simulation group also experienced fewer procedural complications (22.2 % vs. 31.2 %).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>simulation using 3D-printed models shows potential in enhancing procedural planning and reducing complication rates in the treatment of intracranial aneurysms. While the study did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in procedure time and hospitalization days, the observed trends and changes in treatment strategies suggest that 3D printing technology can provide valuable insights for neurointerventionists. Further research with larger sample sizes and prospective designs is warranted to validate these findings and establish standardized protocols for integrating 3D printing into clinical practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143549260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of 3D-printed flow-diverting stents for studying the effect of aneurysm treatment in vitro","authors":"Lana Bautz ,&nbsp;Oluwabusayo A. Oni ,&nbsp;Tamim Sarwar ,&nbsp;Hivnu Toraman ,&nbsp;Olav Jansen ,&nbsp;Jan-Bernd Hövener ,&nbsp;Naomi Larsen ,&nbsp;Mariya S. Pravdivtseva","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100196","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100196","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are preventively treated with flow-diverting stents (FDs), but complications persist, necessitating safer, customized FDs. While 4D flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can evaluate FD treatment efficiency, metal artifacts from FDs compromise flow assessments.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study developed a protocol for fabricating 3D-printed FD replicas to test customized FDs and support MR imaging development by providing a metal-free testing platform.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Simplified mesh models with varying wire diameters (0.05–0.5 mm) and cell lengths (0.07–4.74 mm) were 3D printed using stereolithography and tested under gravity. A patient-specific aneurysm model was created, with 3D-printed FDs featuring 6, 16, and 20 wires covering the aneurysm entrance. Flow reduction caused by 3D printed FDs was evaluated with 4D flow MRI and compared to a commercial FD.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Printable meshes had wire diameters ≥ 0.05 mm, with porosities over 14 % ensuring permeability. Lower porosities reduced gravity flow (4.93 ml/s vs. 28.57 ml/s for 14 % and 54 % porosity). Only wire sizes of 0.25 mm and 0.5 mm were accurately 3D-printed. The 3D-printed FDs reduced flow into the aneurysm sac without metal artifacts on MR images. The 20-wire FD fully occluded aneurysm flow, while the 16-wire and 6-wire FDs achieved 94 % and 76 % reductions, comparable to the 65 % reduction of the commercial FD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The proposed workflow enables efficient 3D printing of FD replicas that match commercial FDs in performance. These 3D-printed FDs can optimize initial design parameters and support artifact-free MR imaging development for aneurysm treatment evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"StemCurCol – 3D printed scaffold for diabetic wound regeneration","authors":"Henrique Luis Piva ,&nbsp;Mariana Santos de Queiroz ,&nbsp;Flavia Sayuri Matsuo ,&nbsp;Hiago Salge Borges ,&nbsp;Mariana Kiomy Osako ,&nbsp;Antonio Claudio Tedesco","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100203","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100203","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diabetic wounds, particularly diabetic foot ulcers, pose a significant challenge for treatment due to impaired healing and susceptibility to complications. The complex pathophysiology of wounds involves dysregulated cellular and molecular processes. Advanced therapeutic strategies are needed to address the different stages of wound healing. Curcumin, a natural polyphenol, has been shown to enhance epidermal re-epithelialization, mobilize cellular participants in wound repair, and improve different stages of wound healing. In this work curcumin-chitosan nanoparticles have been prepared and characterized, and incorporated in collagen with stem cells and were implanted into normal and diabetic mice with induced wounds and their effects on wound healing were evaluated over 14 days. Animals treated with StemCurCol scaffolds presented faster closure rates and enhanced re-epithelialization than the controls, and the cells contributed to regeneration by forming new tissues, and rapidly closing wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"18 ","pages":"Article 100203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143895656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-resin 3D printing of radiopaque customized artificial tooth for revolutionizing preclinical training on root canal treatment","authors":"Yi-Ching Ho ,&nbsp;Wan-Rong Jiang ,&nbsp;Yulius Shan Romario ,&nbsp;Chinmai Bhat ,&nbsp;Maziar Ramezani ,&nbsp;Cho-Pei Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to 3D print customized dental models using a multi-material 3D printer that can mimic natural human teeth. The model consists of a detailed tooth with adequate radiopacity and pulp cavity which will be used for preclinical endodontic training.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A radiopaque resin with varying barium sulfate (BaSO₄) ratios was synthesized to optimize printability and radiopacity. The artificial tooth with a pulp cavity was created from micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) data and printed using a multi-resin 3D printer, employing clinical A2 resin (AA-Temp) for the tooth body and soft red resin for the pulp. Periapical radiography evaluated the radiopacity, and the effect of BaSO₄ on resin viscosity and hardness was measured.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experimental results show that adding a 10% weight ratio of BaSO₄ in A2 resin can obtain the highest radiopacity of the printed tooth. Furthermore, the study successfully fabricated incisor and molar tooth models for preclinical endodontic training which closely matched the natural human tooth in terms of appearance, size, and shape.</div></div><div><h3>Originality and significance</h3><div>The multi-material 3D printing technology that is capable of fabricating hard and soft parts of the tooth is self-developed. Furthermore, two training models were successfully framed for students to get hands-on experience in root canal treatment of incisor and molar teeth. The enhanced confidence gained by training on the 3D-printed tooth that closely matches the characteristics of a natural human tooth would increase the clinical success rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Voluminous fronto-parietal osteomas: Guided resection with patient-specific cutting guides and reconstruction with a 3D printed hydroxyapatite implant","authors":"Lucille de Bengy-Puyvallée ,&nbsp;David Poisbleau ,&nbsp;Francois Herman ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Cobraiville ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Giot ,&nbsp;Loric Galmard","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteomas are benign, well-differentiated bony tumors characterized by gradual progression, commonly observed within the craniofacial skeleton. This case report aims at describing the successful surgical treatment of giant frontal osteomas thanks to additive manufacturing technologies. The osteomas were located on the external table of the parietal and frontal bones with complete invasion of the anterior wall of the right frontal sinus. Resection was performed with the help of three 3D printed surgical cutting guides to prevent damaging the inter-sinus septum, the right orbital roof and the posterior wall of the frontal sinus. Anterior frontal sinus wall was reconstructed with a 3D printed hydroxyapatite patient-specific implant called MyBone Custom Implant (MBCI). The 3D planning and accuracy of the additive manufacturing tools enabled to obtain good bone contacts. Ossification of the edges of the MBCI is visible on the six-month postoperative scans. The outcome of this reconstruction proved highly satisfactory both in terms of aesthetic results as well as restoring the bone integrity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100189"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A national survey of conservative mallet finger injury care and the potential for 3D printing to impact current practice","authors":"Una M. Cronin ,&nbsp;Dr. Niamh M. Cummins ,&nbsp;Dr. Aidan O’ Sullivan ,&nbsp;Prof. Damien Ryan ,&nbsp;Prof. Leonard O'Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Custom orthoses provided by a skilled therapist are deemed the gold standard of care for the treatment of mallet injury, but traditional orthoses are still used. It is unclear to what extent custom orthoses versus traditional off the shelf variants are currently provided to treat mallet injury. The study aims to investigate current practice regarding the conservative treatment of mallet injury in Ireland. The study also aims to assess healthcare providers' awareness of and opinions to the use of 3D printing in healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Design/Methodology/ Approach</h3><div>This study was cross-sectional in design and used an online survey methodology. Healthcare professionals involved in the treatment of mallet injuries from both public and private settings were eligible for inclusion. Data collection involved convenience and snowball sampling with the survey being promoted by professional bodies, distributed at national meetings and circulated via social media. Data analysis took place in Excel and comprised descriptive statistics.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>In total 86 participants completed the survey including nurses (58 %), doctors (2 8 %), allied health professionals (9 %) and other healthcare professionals (5 %). Non personalised orthosis including the Stack splint were most frequently applied (58 %). Regarding 3D printing, 52 % of participants reported they were not aware of 3DP in healthcare. However, 80 % overall said they would be interested in using it in the future. The inference from this is that they have a positive attitude toward the use of 3D printing, considering they have a low knowledge of using it in this discipline.</div></div><div><h3>Originality/value</h3><div>This study provides an insight into healthcare professionals’ recent experiences of treating mallet injuries in the Irish healthcare system. There remains a lack of custom orthosis creation to treat mallet injury. The respondent's openness to using 3D printing technology is promising and suggests that in the future 3D printing of custom orthoses may have a role in the treatment of mallet injuries. However, custom care, and not just a custom orthosis, would provide patients with optimal treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic osteotomies for correction of sagittal imbalance of the spine: An in-silico study comparing four different osteotomies","authors":"A.E.A. Ochtman ,&nbsp;M.J. Claessens ,&nbsp;F.C. Öner ,&nbsp;T.P.C. Schlösser ,&nbsp;K. Willemsen ,&nbsp;J. Magré ,&nbsp;H.C. Nguyen ,&nbsp;M.C. Kruyt","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2024.100185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three-column spinal osteotomies are common to restore sagittal balance. However, these procedures are challenging. Pelvic osteotomies may be a feasible alternative, although instability and compromised correction are concerning, which dome-shaped osteotomies may mitigate. As a possible and novel alternative for spinal osteotomies, pelvic dome and open wedge osteotomies for correction of sagittal spine balance were compared.</div><div>Four in-silico pelvic osteotomies were performed on 3D CT-reconstructions: bilateral extending pelvic osteotomy (BEPO) and dome pelvic osteotomies (DPOs) around center of the sacral endplate (SE-DPO), sacroiliac joints (SI-DPO) and centers of the acetabula (A-DPO).</div><div>We measured pelvic extension and bone contact surface (BCS) after 10°, 15° and 20° extension and the length of the sacropelvic ligaments after 20° extension. In radiographs of five samples of failed back surgery, we measured the effect on sagittal vertical axis (SVA) and Th1 pelvic angle (TPA). Pelvic extension was similar for all types of osteotomy. After 20° extension, BCS was 34.1 % (SE-DPO), 28.2 % (SI-DPO) and 30.6 % (A-DPO). Average shortening of the spinopelvic ligaments was 2.3 % after the BEPO, 22.0 % after SE-SPO, 17.0 % after SI-DPO and 11.8 % after A-DPO. After 15° correction, SVA correction was 12.6 cm and TPA correction 5.8° after BEPO. After SE-DPO, the correction was 14.5 cm and 14.1°, after SI-DPO 13.4 cm and 13.0° and after A-DPO 12.6 cm and 0.0°.</div><div>A-DPO appeared to the most predictable and reliable pelvic osteotomy. However, this is technically demanding and shortens the pelvic floor ligaments. BEPO is less demanding with minimal effect on the ligaments, however it requires more complex stabilization methods. Feasibility and safety tests are required as a next step.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142722188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}