Annals of 3D printed medicine最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of patient preference in 3D printed cast and associated cost compared to current standard of care","authors":"Rand Kittani ,&nbsp;Alexis Watson ,&nbsp;Sydni Silverman ,&nbsp;Kaviamuthan Kanakaraju ,&nbsp;Jaime Chen ,&nbsp;Jose Beltran ,&nbsp;Thomas Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Fracture incidence is rising globally, with traditional fiberglass casts commonly used for immobilization despite discomfort and hygiene issues. 3D printed casts offer similar or improved strength, better comfort, and breathability. While patient satisfaction is generally higher, data on cost-effectiveness and willingness to pay remain limited. This study examines patient preferences between 3D printed and traditional casts after being informed of potential benefits and costs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A PubMed review (2015–2023) identified 14 relevant studies on 3D printed casts. Cost data were obtained from Medicare/Medicaid and U.S. manufacturers. A patient survey was conducted at a single clinic (Feb 2024–Aug 2025) among individuals treated with fiberglass or plaster casts. Fifty responses were collected and analyzed using Excel.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 50 patients, 66 % were under 18 and 44 % had wrist casts. Most rated immobilization as effective (72 %), but 76 % reported hygiene issues. About 78 % were willing to pay for improved fit or hygiene. Private insurance was linked to greater willingness to pay, and a significant correlation was found between unwillingness to pay for both features (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Traditional casts are effective, but hygiene remains a key concern. Most patients were willing to pay for improved fit and hygiene, especially for wrist and elbow injuries. Interest in same-day casting and alternatives to splints was high. 3D printed casts may offer advantages over both fiberglass casts and CAM boots.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145842536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient-specific guides for minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion revision surgery","authors":"Danique Smelt ,&nbsp;Nick Kampkuiper ,&nbsp;Jorm Nellensteijn ,&nbsp;Maranda Haenen ,&nbsp;Edsko Hekman ,&nbsp;Gabriëlle Tuijthof ,&nbsp;Femke Schröder ,&nbsp;Maaike Koenrades","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Implant loosening or persistent pain after sacroiliac joint fusion or stabilization surgery may require revision surgery. Accurate and safe implant placement in minimally invasive sacroiliac joint fusion (SIJF) revision surgery is challenging due to limited visibility and restricted space for new implants. A patient-specific guide (PSG) allows customization of implant positioning beyond the traditional parallel configuration generally used in SIJF but has only been applied in open procedures requiring bone exposure. This study presents the implementation and evaluation of a novel PSG for minimally invasive SIJF revision surgery in patients with prior SI fusion or stabilization surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate implant placement accuracy using a novel PSG. The guide design was iteratively refined to enhance rigidity and placement accuracy. Postoperative implant positions were compared to the planned positions using 3D deviation analysis. Furthermore, implant malpositioning and other complications were monitored.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fourteen SIJF revisions were performed, comprising a total of 23 newly placed implants. Implant positioning using PSGs was feasible in all cases, and all implants were placed without malpositioning complications. Accuracy analysis showed a median 3D total positional deviation of 5.3 mm (Q1: 4.8 mm, Q3: 8.3 mm) and a median total 3D angle of 3.7° (Q1: 2.4°, Q3: 5.2°).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study showed that the developed PSG design for use in minimally invasive SIJF revision surgery is feasible with what is considered a clinically acceptable level of accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145801990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical and Mechanical Optimization of 3D-Printed Anatomical Models for Medical Education","authors":"Adam S. Verga ,&nbsp;Kuang-Drew Li ,&nbsp;Benjamin Budenstein ,&nbsp;Ailey G. Fogel-Bublick ,&nbsp;William J. Nicholson ,&nbsp;Scott J. Hollister","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anatomical 3D printing holds significant promise in medical education by enabling the creation of anatomically accurate and mechanically realistic models. While tissue-mimicking materials (TMMs) provide haptic feedback for procedural training, their utility is limited by poor optical clarity. This lack of transparency restricts visualization of internal anatomy and tool movement, particularly in procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), where spatial awareness is critical. This study aimed to improve the optical clarity of flexible, elastomeric 3D-printed anatomical models without compromising mechanical realism. This study evaluated dip coating of conformal silicone (S_C), conformal acrylic (A_C), conformal polyurethane (P_C), oil-based polyurethane (P_O), and water-based polyurethane (P_W) for their ability to enhance transparency and preserve the mechanical properties of the Stratasys PolyJet material Agilus30Clear. All coatings significantly reduced absorbance at 600 nm, with S_C, A_C and P_C delivering the greatest optical improvements of up to 91%. S_C and P_C best preserved mechanical behavior, remaining within 20% in stiffness and strain at failure, whereas A_C, P_O, and P_W caused significant stiffening and reduced strain to failure. Constitutive nonlinear elastic models including neo-Hookean, Ogden and Holmes-Mow with perfect plasticity were fit to tensile data to facilitate target tissue matching, while comparing strategies for reporting representative properties. Using a transparent left main coronary artery (LMCA) model, we demonstrated real-time guidewire navigation under direct visualization, highlighting the educational utility of the model. These findings have implications beyond medical education, with potential applications in patient-specific surgical planning, preclinical device testing, and reducing reliance on cadavers and fluoroscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100224"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Next-gen heart solutions: 3D bioprinting and AI in valve replacement therapy","authors":"Saddik Haddad ,&nbsp;Ahmad․Amr Karzoun ,&nbsp;Lutfallah Raffoul ,&nbsp;Yazan Mohamed ,&nbsp;Suzana Sultan ,&nbsp;Aram Abbas ,&nbsp;Basem Zaino","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising incidence of valvular heart disease (VHD) poses a significant challenge in cardiovascular care, particularly as many patients face severe cases where valve repair is no longer an option. In these instances, valve replacement with mechanical and biological prosthetic valves is a common approach. However, this treatment often leads to complications, including a notably high recurrence of thrombosis and bleeding associated with prosthetic valves. Addressing these complications is critical, as various factors can adversely affect valvular function after replacement.</div><div>To combat these issues, emerging technologies such as 3D bioprinting and artificial intelligence (AI) offer promising solutions. This review explores how the integration of 3D bioprinting and AI can facilitate the development of anticoagulant-free heart valve replacements. By leveraging predictive models, these technologies can identify high-risk individuals prior to surgery and optimize postoperative care, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful prosthetic valve performance and enhancing the overall quality of life for patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100219"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144909059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a 3D-printed Finger Splint Immobilizer for comfortable treatment of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Injuries","authors":"Muhammad Ikhwan Nugraha ,&nbsp;Waleed K. Ahmed ,&nbsp;Agung Shamsuddin Saragih","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100193","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Injuries or fractures in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) region can be managed through various methods, including surgical pins, finger splint immobilizers, casts, or buddy taping, depending on the physician's recommendation. When a splint immobilizer is selected, the currently available market options, such as aluminum finger splints (Product A) and finger corrector splints (Product B), exhibit limitations in their usability during water-related activities. To address these limitations, this study aims to develop a finger splint immobilizer (FSI) utilizing cost-effective 3D printed and recyclable PETG (Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol) materials.</div></div><div><h3>Participants</h3><div>Thirty healthy respondents will wear three types of finger splints—namely, the 3D printed prototype, Product A and Product B—on their ring fingers for 24 hours.</div></div><div><h3>Benchmarking</h3><div>The comfort level of the splints will be assessed using a structured questionnaire. Additionally, the production cost of the 3D-printed prototype will be evaluated by measuring electrical consumption and filament usage. These costs will then be compared to the prices of Product A and Product B.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The average comfort rating for washing activities was 2.76 for the 3D-printed splint. At the same time, Product A received a rating of 3.23, and Product B was rated at 2.67, using a scale where 1 indicates the least difficulty and 5 indicates the most difficulty. This suggests that the comfort level of the 3D-printed splint is comparable to that of Product B and superior to that of Product A for water-related daily activities. Additionally, the production cost of the 3D printed prototype was only 0.093 USD, whereas Product A was priced at 1,23 USD and Product B at 0.93 USD.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The findings of this study add to the potential of 3D printing technology in the medical field, particularly in the development of medical devices tailored to various individual patient needs. The use of PETG not only enhances the mechanical properties of the splint but also promotes sustainability through its recyclability. Future research is recommended to investigate the long-term effectiveness and user satisfaction of the 3D-printed finger splint in clinical settings further and explore the potential for expanding this technology to other medical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"20 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensional accuracy and resolution assessment of the formlabs form 3B 3D printer for medical applications","authors":"Vera Lagerburg ,&nbsp;Anne Vrancken ,&nbsp;Sietske Bergsma ,&nbsp;Janita Dekker ,&nbsp;Wouter Diemer ,&nbsp;Judith Waldner-Troost ,&nbsp;Maaike Koenrades","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>For quality management of in-hospital 3D printing, it is essential to have detailed knowledge on the accuracy and reproducibility of the 3D printing process. In this study, the influence of several printing and post-processing parameters on dimensional accuracy and resolution were evaluated in three different hospitals to provide a reference for printer performance for medical applications.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A custom phantom was designed comprising features to assess accuracy and resolution of the Form 3B printer (Formlabs, Somerville, MA, USA). Specific features common for surgical guides were included, such as slits, flanges, and cylinders. The phantoms were 3D printed using a medical grade resin (Formlabs Biomed Clear resin) and evaluated after postprocessing and sterilization. Dimensional accuracy was defined as the deviation between the actual measurement and the known feature dimension and evaluated in x-, y- and z-direction. Resolution was defined as the smallest complete feature.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The accuracy of the prints in the x-direction varied between -0.1 mm and 0.1 mm, in the y-direction between -0.25 mm and 0.4 mm and in the z-direction between -0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. The influence of sterilization on the accuracy was negligible. The smallest slit that was always open when printing in the x-direction was 0.3 mm and in the y-direction 0.4 mm.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides hospitals with a reference for the printing accuracy and resolution for a medical grade resin. The phantom designed can be used in every hospital to determine their own printing accuracy and tolerances thereby optimizing product design for the intended clinical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel 3D printed jig design for a smooth and accurate dome osteotomy: A case report","authors":"Ervin Sethi,&nbsp;Sze Ern Tan,&nbsp;Michael Yam","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Femoral malunion with associated sagittal and coronal deformity poses significant challenges in achieving anatomical realignment and functional restoration. This case report describes a novel surgical technique utilizing patient-specific 3D planning and a custom-designed, 3D-printed curved cutting jig to perform a dome osteotomy for deformity correction in a 69-year-old male with a history of childhood femoral fracture and recent atypical femoral fracture associated with bisphosphonate use. Preoperative CT-based 3D modeling allowed accurate assessment of the deformity and precise planning of the osteotomy. A customized jig was engineered with a hemispherical slot to guide a smooth curved osteotomy, enabling biplanar correction while preserving limb length and optimizing bony contact for healing. Intraoperative execution was streamlined by jig-guided drilling and osteotomy, followed by intramedullary nail fixation. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with early mobilization and successful alignment and union confirmed radiographically. This approach demonstrated the value of advanced 3D technologies in enhancing surgical precision, reducing operative time and radiation exposure, and improving clinical outcomes. It represents a promising option for complex femoral deformity correction when institutional resources permit.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare professionals’ initial attitudes towards 3D printing and effects of a short educational briefing: A pre-post pilot study utilising the technology acceptance model","authors":"Una M. Cronin ,&nbsp;EmmaJude Lyons ,&nbsp;Aidan O’ Sullivan ,&nbsp;Niamh M. Cummins ,&nbsp;Leonard O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100205","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100205","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>Adopting 3D printing technology in healthcare is variable across clinical settings and has considerable geographical differences. To advance the application of 3D printing in healthcare it is necessary to research factors inhibiting its adoption, notably in areas of low uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate attitudes toward 3D printing in Healthcare Professionals (HCPs) with low experience of the technology and to assess the effectiveness of a Short Educational Video (SEV) on these perceptions in the context of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).</div></div><div><h3>Design/Methodology/Approach</h3><div>This was a pre-post intervention study in a convenience sample of HCPs. A 5-minute video was developed to introduce and inform HCPs regarding 3D printing in healthcare. Participants (<em>n</em> = 52) completed an online survey grounded on the TAM before and after watching the video. Wilcoxon signed rank <em>t</em>-tests were used to analyse pre- and post-video scores. Perceptions post-intervention increased significantly for the TAM dimensions perceived usefulness (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05), perceived ease of use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), attitude toward use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001) and behavioural intention to use (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>This study demonstrated that a brief introduction to the technology increased perceptual factors which may be related to the initial phase of adoption of such technology. An inference from the findings is that for HCPs with low previous experience of 3D printing, this may be a suitable model to provide education on the technology and potentially increase the adoption of 3D printing in the clinical setting. Increased perception is expected to contribute to increased likelihood of eventual adoption in healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Originality/value</h3><div>This study addresses a literature gap in adopting 3D printing within healthcare. The study demonstrated that even brief educational interventions can substantially shift perceptions among HCPs. This suggests that the SEV is a scalable and cost-effective strategy to initially promote the adoption of 3D printing within healthcare.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The future of 3D printing in instrumented implantable polymer meta-stents","authors":"C. Brosseau ,&nbsp;G. Nocchiero ,&nbsp;J. Ville","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An increasing diversity of performance demands are being put on devices for medical applications. These include the need for the best mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, chemical, and flow properties, biological compatibility, and low weight of such material systems. In this review article, we discuss three features that can confer advantages for new instrumented implementable stents. Firstly, we examine the benefits of using 3D-printed polymer stents by comparing their characteristics with metallic devices. One challenge of designing mechanical metamaterial-based stents is choosing their complex geometric structure. Secondly, we report progress in the design of printed antennas for wireless communication with implantable stents capable of monitoring real-time biological signals. This could be very important for early diagnosis of in-stent restenosis and real-time monitoring of intravascular blood conditions. Thirdly, virtual replica digital twin technology can facilitate personalized stent design based on individual patient characteristics, medical history, and real-time physiological data. This new predictive analysis in healthcare systems relies largely on the use of deep learning algorithms, appropriate for managing massive data integration. Finally, we summarize some of the major outstanding challenges that, if addressed, would move us substantially closer to realizing practically useful instrumented implantable polymer meta-stents that are integrated systems. Looking to the future, the conclusions of this review will be beneficial for researchers, clinicians, and engineers in the development and application of 3D printing for improved instrumented polymer stents.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144261443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conversion of an FDM printer to direct ink write 3D bioprinter utilizing an efficient and cost-effective extrusion system","authors":"Y.  H. Dang,&nbsp;Elise Dauzat,&nbsp;Asif Istiak,&nbsp;Kevin Jackson,&nbsp;Victoria Songe,&nbsp;Luke West,&nbsp;Md Imrul Kayes,&nbsp;Md Saiful Islam,&nbsp;Tanvir R. Faisal","doi":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.stlm.2025.100212","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>3D bioprinting has emerged as a transformative technology in biomedical engineering, enabling the fabrication of functional tissues through the precise deposition of cell-laden biomaterials. However, the widespread adoption of this technology is constrained by the prohibitive costs of commercial bioprinting systems. We present a cost-effective solution through the conversion of an open-source fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer into a direct ink write bioprinter by integrating a peristaltic pump-based extrusion system. The modified dual-extruder system demonstrates successful deposition of hydrogel-based bioinks across varying viscosities, producing well-defined scaffold architectures. The printer's open-source control architecture facilitates retraction capabilities, high-speed movements, and customizable printing parameters, enhancing operational flexibility. This development represents a significant step toward democratizing low-cost bioprinting technology, making it accessible to academic institutions and research facilities with limited resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":72210,"journal":{"name":"Annals of 3D printed medicine","volume":"19 ","pages":"Article 100212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144288849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}